4种庇护植物对苹果园梨小食心虫及其主要天敌的种群动态影响
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摘要
【目的】为探索庇护植物对苹果园梨小食心虫的调控作用。【方法】于2017年在北京市延庆区进行果园小区试验,系统调查果园覆盖万寿菊、万寿菊+翠菊、黑麦草+紫花苜蓿和常规管理下梨小食心虫的种群动态和蛀果率,同时分析主要天敌种群数量的时序动态。【结果】结果表明:不同庇护植物处理下梨小食心虫和主要天敌的动态趋势基本一致,但在梨小食心虫发生高峰期,万寿菊+翠菊处理的梨小食心虫数量(头/诱捕器)显著低于对照区,对照9.78>黑麦草+紫花苜蓿6.56>万寿菊+翠菊5.78>万寿菊5.58。3个处理的蜘蛛类数量显著大于对照,黑麦草+紫花苜蓿处理对瓢虫和草蛉数量有明显的增助作用;3个处理的梨小食心虫和天敌数量的益害比大于对照区,对照区的蛀果率显著大于几种庇护植物处理。果园覆盖庇护植物不仅降低梨小食心虫的种群数量和危害程度,也增加天敌对害虫的控制作用。
【Objective】To study the regulatory role of refuge plants on oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molestain apple orchard.【Methods】An orchard plot experiment was conducted from May to November 2017 in Yanqing County,Beijing.The orchard was divided into four plots,with three plots covered with refuges Tagetes erecta L.,Tagetes erecta L.+Callistephus chinensis(L.)Nees,Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.,respectively and one covered nothing as control.The population dynamics of G.molesta,with its major natural enemies and boring rate were investigated and analyzed.【Conclusion】The results showed that the population dynamics of G.molesta and its major natural enemies under different refuge plants were identical,with peak values(heads/trap lure)ranked as CK(9.78)> Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.(6.56)> Tagetes erecta L.+Callistephus chinensis(L.)Nees(5.78)>Tagetes erecta L.(5.58).Of which,the peak value of control was significantly higher than that covered with Tagetes erecta.In addition,the number of spiders in each of the three plots planted with refuges was significantly larger than that in control,and the numbers of coccinellids and chrysopids in the treatment of Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.were both significantly increased.The number ratios of G.molesta to natural enemies in the areas covered with refuge plants were all greater than that of the control,and the fruit-boring rate by G.molestain the control areawas significantly greater than those of any treated plants.In a word,planting of refuge plants in orchards not only reduced the population and the damage degree of G.molesta,but also increases the control effects of natural enemies on pests.
【Objective】To study the regulatory role of refuge plants on oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molestain apple orchard.【Methods】An orchard plot experiment was conducted from May to November 2017 in Yanqing County,Beijing.The orchard was divided into four plots,with three plots covered with refuges Tagetes erecta L.,Tagetes erecta L.+Callistephus chinensis(L.)Nees,Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.,respectively and one covered nothing as control.The population dynamics of G.molesta,with its major natural enemies and boring rate were investigated and analyzed.【Conclusion】The results showed that the population dynamics of G.molesta and its major natural enemies under different refuge plants were identical,with peak values(heads/trap lure)ranked as CK(9.78)> Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.(6.56)> Tagetes erecta L.+Callistephus chinensis(L.)Nees(5.78)>Tagetes erecta L.(5.58).Of which,the peak value of control was significantly higher than that covered with Tagetes erecta.In addition,the number of spiders in each of the three plots planted with refuges was significantly larger than that in control,and the numbers of coccinellids and chrysopids in the treatment of Lolium perenne L.+ Medicago sativa L.were both significantly increased.The number ratios of G.molesta to natural enemies in the areas covered with refuge plants were all greater than that of the control,and the fruit-boring rate by G.molestain the control areawas significantly greater than those of any treated plants.In a word,planting of refuge plants in orchards not only reduced the population and the damage degree of G.molesta,but also increases the control effects of natural enemies on pests.
引文
[1]吕兴,李进,闫峰,祝海坡,曹克强,王勤英.单植和混栽苹果园梨小食心虫发生动态及预测方法研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(5):86-89
[2]谭鑫.果园农药污染现状及应对措施[N].河北科技报,2014-01-14(B06)
[3]朱红玉.减轻果园化学农药危害的几项措施[J].果树实用技术与信息,2014(8):35-37
[4]曹煜.庇护所可延缓棉铃虫对Bt棉的抗性[J].农药市场信息,2000(1):18
[5]Koh I,J D Holland.Grassland plantings and landscape natural areas both influence insect natural enemies[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2015,199:190-199
[6]Hogg B N,R L Bugg,K M Daane.Attractiveness of common insectary and harvestable floral resources to beneficial insects[J].Biological Control,2010,56(1):76-84
[7]乔岩,岳瑾,王品舒,张涛,郑书恒,王步云,张保常,董杰.北京地区果园害虫绿色防控关键技术集成示范与推广[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(5):89-91
[8]许长新,张金平,郝宝锋,于丽辰,贺丽敏,焦蕊.苹果园自然生草对苹果黄蚜及其天敌的影响[J].河北果树,2009(6):8-9
[9]Hickman,J M,Wratten,S D.Use of Phacelia tanacetifolia strips to enhance biological control of aphids by hoverfly larvae in cereal fields[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1996,89(4):832-840
[10]于毅,严毓骅.苹果园植被多样化在果树害虫持续治理中的作用[J].昆虫学报,1998(S1):84-92
[11]宋备舟,王美超,孔云,姚允聪,吴红英,胡竞辉,亓丽萍,毕宁宁.梨园芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落的结构特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):769-779
[12]魏永平,张雅林,汪晓光.黄土高原苹果园植物多样性及其对昆虫群落的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2517-2523
[13]李依林.有机化梨园节肢动物群落结构及多样性研究[D].北京:北京农学院,2008
[14]李依林,陶万强,张志勇,魏钦平,杨宝东,张民照.有机化梨园节肢动物群落时间动态的聚类分析[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):64-68
[15]李依林,陶万强,张志勇,王吉腾,杨宝东,张民照,王合.有机化梨园不同栽培措施节肢动物多样性比较[J].果树学报,2008(4):611-614
[16]李依林,张志勇,魏钦平,杨宝东,张民照,孙淑玲.有机化梨园不同生境节肢动物群落特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2008(4):345-349
[17]刘金利,于丽辰,崔丽贤,乔广玉,许长新,贺丽敏,焦蕊,李立涛.梨小食心虫在田间主要寄主上的转移点分析[J].中国果树,2017(3):63-66
[18]回瑞华,侯冬岩,李铁纯,刘晓媛,刁全平.万寿菊不同部位挥发性化学成分比较研究[J].分析试验室,2009,28(7):54-57
[19]回瑞华.万寿菊叶挥发性化学成分分析[A]//中华中医药学会.药用植物化学与中药有效成分分析研讨会论文集(上)[C].中华中医药学会:中华中医药学会,2008
[20]姜玉兰,赵清春,田淑彦,李照会.种草果园内的天敌调查及天敌对果树害虫的控制[J].山西果树,2005(2):7-9
[2]谭鑫.果园农药污染现状及应对措施[N].河北科技报,2014-01-14(B06)
[3]朱红玉.减轻果园化学农药危害的几项措施[J].果树实用技术与信息,2014(8):35-37
[4]曹煜.庇护所可延缓棉铃虫对Bt棉的抗性[J].农药市场信息,2000(1):18
[5]Koh I,J D Holland.Grassland plantings and landscape natural areas both influence insect natural enemies[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2015,199:190-199
[6]Hogg B N,R L Bugg,K M Daane.Attractiveness of common insectary and harvestable floral resources to beneficial insects[J].Biological Control,2010,56(1):76-84
[7]乔岩,岳瑾,王品舒,张涛,郑书恒,王步云,张保常,董杰.北京地区果园害虫绿色防控关键技术集成示范与推广[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(5):89-91
[8]许长新,张金平,郝宝锋,于丽辰,贺丽敏,焦蕊.苹果园自然生草对苹果黄蚜及其天敌的影响[J].河北果树,2009(6):8-9
[9]Hickman,J M,Wratten,S D.Use of Phacelia tanacetifolia strips to enhance biological control of aphids by hoverfly larvae in cereal fields[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1996,89(4):832-840
[10]于毅,严毓骅.苹果园植被多样化在果树害虫持续治理中的作用[J].昆虫学报,1998(S1):84-92
[11]宋备舟,王美超,孔云,姚允聪,吴红英,胡竞辉,亓丽萍,毕宁宁.梨园芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落的结构特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):769-779
[12]魏永平,张雅林,汪晓光.黄土高原苹果园植物多样性及其对昆虫群落的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2517-2523
[13]李依林.有机化梨园节肢动物群落结构及多样性研究[D].北京:北京农学院,2008
[14]李依林,陶万强,张志勇,魏钦平,杨宝东,张民照.有机化梨园节肢动物群落时间动态的聚类分析[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):64-68
[15]李依林,陶万强,张志勇,王吉腾,杨宝东,张民照,王合.有机化梨园不同栽培措施节肢动物多样性比较[J].果树学报,2008(4):611-614
[16]李依林,张志勇,魏钦平,杨宝东,张民照,孙淑玲.有机化梨园不同生境节肢动物群落特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2008(4):345-349
[17]刘金利,于丽辰,崔丽贤,乔广玉,许长新,贺丽敏,焦蕊,李立涛.梨小食心虫在田间主要寄主上的转移点分析[J].中国果树,2017(3):63-66
[18]回瑞华,侯冬岩,李铁纯,刘晓媛,刁全平.万寿菊不同部位挥发性化学成分比较研究[J].分析试验室,2009,28(7):54-57
[19]回瑞华.万寿菊叶挥发性化学成分分析[A]//中华中医药学会.药用植物化学与中药有效成分分析研讨会论文集(上)[C].中华中医药学会:中华中医药学会,2008
[20]姜玉兰,赵清春,田淑彦,李照会.种草果园内的天敌调查及天敌对果树害虫的控制[J].山西果树,2005(2):7-9
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