藏东南郎杰学群是印度大陆北缘原地沉积而非外来地体——来自同时代浅海相曲龙贡巴组沉积物源的证据
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摘要
郎杰学群是西藏特提斯喜马拉雅东段一个特殊的地质体.它在构造位置上属于特提斯喜马拉雅(北带),但却与典型的特提斯喜马拉雅岩石存在显著的物源差异.由于郎杰学群与其他特提斯喜马拉雅地层均为断层接触关系,关于它的大地构造属性和沉积模式一直存在争议.部分学者认为郎杰学群最初沉积于印度北缘,属于特提斯喜马拉雅沉积体系的一部分;而另一部分研究者认为它是一个独立的地质体,在印度-亚洲大陆汇聚过程中拼贴至印度北缘.本次工作对特提斯喜马拉雅南带(浅海相)与郎杰学群同时代的地层开展了详细的沉积学和物源区研究工作,拟通过物源特征对比限定郎杰学群的古地理归属.研究发现,特提斯喜马拉雅南带曲龙贡巴组存在晚古生代-早中生代的特征碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄峰(约400～200Ma),而且砂岩中含有丰富的酸性火山岩岩屑(10～30%)和少量斜长石(1～6%),这些物源特征与郎杰学群一致.由于曲龙贡巴组确定属于特提斯喜马拉雅地体,它与郎杰学群一致的物源特征证实后者亦为印度大陆边缘原地沉积,并非外来地质体.由于印度北缘缺乏晚古生代-早中生代的岩浆活动,郎杰学群、曲龙贡巴组的火山岩岩屑和晚古生代-早中生代碎屑锆石可能来自于冈瓦纳大陆东南缘与古太平洋俯冲有关的岩浆弧.曲龙贡巴组沉积于晚三叠世早期土隆群泻湖相灰岩之上,又迅速被三叠纪末期德日荣组滨岸相石英砂岩所覆盖.曲龙贡巴组、郎杰学群及相关沉积体系在晚三叠世中期短暂的出现明显受区域构造作用控制,冈瓦纳大陆北缘晚三叠世的裂解事件很可能是其主要控制因素.
引文
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