沁水盆地海陆交互相页岩脆性指数预测与测井响应分析
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摘要
沁水盆地煤系地层勘探开发时间长,但测井系列简单,通过全岩分析获取矿物组分的岩心数量十分有限,因此,目前该地区页岩储层的脆性评价以定性为主,缺少定量表征。基于XRD全岩分析的矿物组分信息,通过矿物法计算了沁水盆地海陆交互相页岩岩心的脆性矿物指数,分析了页岩地层的测井响应特征及对脆性矿物指数的影响,采用多元回归方法,建立了该区石炭—二叠系页岩地层矿物指数的计算模型。研究区内石英、长石、菱铁矿及黄铁矿对储层脆性有主要贡献,其含量与页岩脆性指数成正比;而黏土矿物含量较高,有利于提高岩石塑性,不利于裂缝伸展。不同测井响应对脆性指数的反映程度不同,脆性矿物指数与密度值呈正相关,与自然伽马值呈负相关,而与电阻率和声波时差的关系不明显,呈微弱的负相关。多元线性回归方法计算得到的脆性矿物指数与矿物法得到的结果吻合度较好。
Rock brittleness, as a key factor affecting the fracture properties of shale, is one of most important parameters for shale gas reservoir evaluation and "sweet spot" prediction. At present, the brittleness evaluation of shale reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin is mostly based on qualitative analysis because of its simple well logging series and limited number of cores for XRD based mineral composition. In this paper, a brittleness index(BI) was firstly calculated based on mineral composition information from XRD data. Then the relationship between logging data and BI was analyzed. Finally, a model for calculating the BI of the Carboniferous and Permian shale is established. The results show that the brittleness in the studied area is related to quartz, dolomite, pyrite and clays. The contents of quartz, dolomite and pyrite have a positive correlation with BI, whereas the clay minerals, which increase the ductility of rocks, are negatively correlated with BI. Different logging responses reflect different degrees of BI. The BI is positively related to the density, whereas it is negatively correlated with natural gamma signal. The relationship of BI with resistivity and interval transit time is not strong, showing a weakly negative correlation. The BI calculated using a multiple linear regression method is in a good agreement with that obtained by the mineral method.
Rock brittleness, as a key factor affecting the fracture properties of shale, is one of most important parameters for shale gas reservoir evaluation and "sweet spot" prediction. At present, the brittleness evaluation of shale reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin is mostly based on qualitative analysis because of its simple well logging series and limited number of cores for XRD based mineral composition. In this paper, a brittleness index(BI) was firstly calculated based on mineral composition information from XRD data. Then the relationship between logging data and BI was analyzed. Finally, a model for calculating the BI of the Carboniferous and Permian shale is established. The results show that the brittleness in the studied area is related to quartz, dolomite, pyrite and clays. The contents of quartz, dolomite and pyrite have a positive correlation with BI, whereas the clay minerals, which increase the ductility of rocks, are negatively correlated with BI. Different logging responses reflect different degrees of BI. The BI is positively related to the density, whereas it is negatively correlated with natural gamma signal. The relationship of BI with resistivity and interval transit time is not strong, showing a weakly negative correlation. The BI calculated using a multiple linear regression method is in a good agreement with that obtained by the mineral method.
引文
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[15] 孟元库,汪新文,李波,等.华北克拉通中部沁水盆地热演化史与山西高原中新生代岩石圈构造演化[J].西北地质,2015,48(2):159-168. MENG Yuanku,WANG Xinwen,LI Bo,et al.Thermal evolution history of Qinshui Basin in the middle of North China Craton and Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithosphere tectonic evolution in Shanxi Plateau[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(2):159-168.
[16] 付娟娟,郭少斌,高全芳,等.沁水盆地煤系地层页岩气储层特征及评价[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):167-175. FU Juanjuan,GUO Shaobin,GAO Quanfang,et al.Reservoir characteristics and enrichment conditions of shale gas in the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing formations of Qinshui Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):167-175.
[17] 邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2014. ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,HOU Lianhua,et al.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014.
[18] 陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782. CHEN Shangbin,ZHU Yanming,WANG Hongyan,et al.Characteristics and significance of mineral compositions of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in the southern margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):775-782.
[19] 陈燕萍,黄文辉,陆小霞,等.沁水盆地海陆交互相页岩气成藏条件分析[J].资源与产业,2013,15(3):68-72. CHEN Yanping,HUANG Wenhui,LU Xiaoxia,et al.Shale gas reservoir-forming conditions in Qinshui Basin’s marine-continental facies[J].Resources & Industries,2013,15(3):68-72.
[20] 徐宏杰,胡宝林,郑建斌,等.淮南煤田煤系页岩气储集空间特征及其岩相控制作用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(2):418-430. XU Hongjie,HU Baolin,ZHENG Jianbin,et al.Reservoir chara-cteristics and their lithofacies controlling effect of coal-bearing mudstone in Huainan Coal Field[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2017,47(2):418-430. (编辑
[2] JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[3] 郭少斌,赵可英.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界泥页岩储层含气性影响因素及储层评价[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):678-683. GUO Shaobin,ZHAO Keying.Gas-bearing influential factors and estimation of shale reservoirs in Upper Paleozoic,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(6):678-683.
[4] GUO Shaobin,WANG Yigang.Reservoir-forming condition analysis and favorable zone prediction for the shale gas in the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Energy Exploration & Exploitation,2013,31(3):381-394.
[5] 李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620. LI Juyuan.Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):616-620.
[6] JIN Xiaochun,SHAH S N,ROEGIERS J C,et al.Fracability evaluation in shale reservoirs:an integrated petrophysics and geomecha-nics approach[C]//Proceedings of the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference.The Woodlands,Texas,USA:SPE,2014:518-526.
[7] RICKMAN R,MULLEN M J,PETRE J E,et al.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:all shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[C]//Procee-dings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Denver,Colorado,USA:SPE,2008.
[8] GOODWAY B,PEREZ M,VARSEK J,et al.Seismic petrophysics and isotropic-anisotropic AVO methods for unconventional gas exploration[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(12):1500-1508.
[9] 陈祖庆,郭旭升,李文成,等.基于多元回归的页岩脆性指数预测方法研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):461-469. CHEN Zuqing,GUO Xusheng,LI Wencheng,et al.Study on shale brittleness index prediction based on multivariate regression method[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):461-469.
[10] 余坤,郑世帅,张优.基于矿物组分与弹性参数的泥页岩脆性评价模型[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(7):73-76. YU Kun,ZHENG Shishuai,ZHANG You.Mud shale brittleness evaluation model based on mineral composition and elastic parameters[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(7):73-76.
[11] 刁海燕.泥页岩储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3300-3306. DIAO Haiyan.Rock mechanical properties and brittleness evaluation of shale reservoir[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3300-3306.
[12] 徐赣川,钟光海,谢冰,等.基于岩石物理实验的页岩脆性测井评价方法[J].天然气工业,2014,34(12):38-45. XU Ganchuan,ZHONG Guanghai,XIE Bing,et al.Petrophysical experiment-based logging evaluation method of shale brittleness[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(12):38-45.
[13] 秦晓艳,王震亮,于红岩,等.基于岩石物理与矿物组成的页岩脆性评价新方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(10):1924-1932. QIN Xiaoyan,WANG Zhenliang,YU Hongyan,et al.A new shale brittleness evaluation method based on rock physics and mineral compositions[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(10):1924-1932.
[14] 闫宝珍,王延斌,丰庆泰,等.基于地质主控因素的沁水盆地煤层气富集划分[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1102-1106. YAN Baozhen,WANG Yanbin,FENG Qingtai,et al.Coalbed methane enrichment classifications of Qinshui Basin based on geological key controlling factors[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1102-1106.
[15] 孟元库,汪新文,李波,等.华北克拉通中部沁水盆地热演化史与山西高原中新生代岩石圈构造演化[J].西北地质,2015,48(2):159-168. MENG Yuanku,WANG Xinwen,LI Bo,et al.Thermal evolution history of Qinshui Basin in the middle of North China Craton and Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithosphere tectonic evolution in Shanxi Plateau[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(2):159-168.
[16] 付娟娟,郭少斌,高全芳,等.沁水盆地煤系地层页岩气储层特征及评价[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):167-175. FU Juanjuan,GUO Shaobin,GAO Quanfang,et al.Reservoir characteristics and enrichment conditions of shale gas in the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing formations of Qinshui Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):167-175.
[17] 邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2014. ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,HOU Lianhua,et al.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014.
[18] 陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782. CHEN Shangbin,ZHU Yanming,WANG Hongyan,et al.Characteristics and significance of mineral compositions of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in the southern margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):775-782.
[19] 陈燕萍,黄文辉,陆小霞,等.沁水盆地海陆交互相页岩气成藏条件分析[J].资源与产业,2013,15(3):68-72. CHEN Yanping,HUANG Wenhui,LU Xiaoxia,et al.Shale gas reservoir-forming conditions in Qinshui Basin’s marine-continental facies[J].Resources & Industries,2013,15(3):68-72.
[20] 徐宏杰,胡宝林,郑建斌,等.淮南煤田煤系页岩气储集空间特征及其岩相控制作用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(2):418-430. XU Hongjie,HU Baolin,ZHENG Jianbin,et al.Reservoir chara-cteristics and their lithofacies controlling effect of coal-bearing mudstone in Huainan Coal Field[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2017,47(2):418-430. (编辑
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