基于3D雕刻技术的岩体结构面剪切各向异性研究
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摘要
相同形貌结构面重复性剪切试验和各向异性剪切试验一直是岩体结构面剪切力学特性试验研究中的难点,而该问题对于工程岩体的开挖力学响应和稳定性分析、评价与控制至关重要,问题的关键在于同一种岩石的结构面形貌的再现。为此,基于3D扫描和3D雕刻技术,重复制备了3种不同粗糙度的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向应力下相同形貌结构面的各向异性剪切试验。试验结果发现:(1)同一法向应力、不同剪切方向下,相同形貌结构面的剪切强度、剪胀和剪切破坏特征均呈现明显各向异性;(2)结构面粗糙度各向异性很大程度上决定了剪切强度的各向异性,两者具有较好的正相关性;(3)随着法向应力的升高,结构面剪切特征的各向异性有逐渐弱化的趋势。同时,研究还充分表明,3D雕刻技术是系统开展结构面剪切力学特征各向异性研究的可靠手段,可在将来研究中发挥更为重要的作用。
The repetitive shear test and anisotropic shear test of structural planes with the same morphology have always been challenging in the experimental study of shear mechanical properties of rock mass which are of significance to the mechanical response during excavation and stability analysis, evaluation and control of engineering rock masses. The key to this challenge is to reproduce the structural plane topography for the same type of rock. Based on 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques, a large number of marble structural plane samples with three different roughness are reproduced. To investigate the anisotropy of shear characteristics, direct shear tests are conducted on marble joint samples with same surface morphology under different normal stress conditions. The results show that under the same normal stress but different shear directions, the shear strengths, dilation characteristics and shear failure characteristics of marble joint samples with the same surface morphology are obvious anisotropic. The anisotropy of shear strength is largely dependent on the anisotropy of joint roughness. With increasing normal stress, the anisotropy of shear mechanical characteristics of rock joint gradually decreases. The 3D carving technique is a good method to investigate the anisotropy of shear characteristics of natural rock joints and can play an important role in further study of this problem.
The repetitive shear test and anisotropic shear test of structural planes with the same morphology have always been challenging in the experimental study of shear mechanical properties of rock mass which are of significance to the mechanical response during excavation and stability analysis, evaluation and control of engineering rock masses. The key to this challenge is to reproduce the structural plane topography for the same type of rock. Based on 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques, a large number of marble structural plane samples with three different roughness are reproduced. To investigate the anisotropy of shear characteristics, direct shear tests are conducted on marble joint samples with same surface morphology under different normal stress conditions. The results show that under the same normal stress but different shear directions, the shear strengths, dilation characteristics and shear failure characteristics of marble joint samples with the same surface morphology are obvious anisotropic. The anisotropy of shear strength is largely dependent on the anisotropy of joint roughness. With increasing normal stress, the anisotropy of shear mechanical characteristics of rock joint gradually decreases. The 3D carving technique is a good method to investigate the anisotropy of shear characteristics of natural rock joints and can play an important role in further study of this problem.
引文
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[8]XIE H P,WANG J A.Direct fractal measurement of fracture surfaces[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,1999,36(20):3073-3084.
[9]孙辅庭,佘成学,蒋庆仁.一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(8):2238-2242.SUN Fu-ting,SHE Cheng-xue,JIANG Qing-ren.A new fractal description method for three-dimensional roughness surface of rock joint[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(8):2238-2242.
[10]张鹏,李宁,陈新民.一种新的裂隙三维表面粗糙度表征方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3477-3482.ZHANG Peng,LI Ning,CHEN Xin-min.A new representation method for three-dimensional surface roughness of rock fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3477-3482.
[11]李久林,唐辉明.结构面粗糙度和抗剪强度的各向异性效应[J].工程勘察,1994(5):12-16.LI Jiu-lin,TANG Hui-ming.On anisotropy of textural surfaces roughness and peak shear strength[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,1994(5):12-16.
[12]陈世江,朱万成,王创业,等.考虑各向异性特征的三维岩体结构面峰值剪切强度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(10):2013-2021.CHEN Shi-jiang,ZHU Wan-cheng,WANG Chuang-ye,et al.The peak shear strength criterion of 3D rock discontinuities based on it’s anisotropic propeties[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(10):2013-2021.
[13]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and degradation of rock joint surfaces under shear loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973-999.
[14]游志诚,王亮清,杨艳霞,等.基于三维激光扫描技术的结构面抗剪强度参数各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):3005-3008.YOU Zhi-cheng,WANG Liang-qing,YANG Yan-xia,et al.Anisotropic research on shear strength parameters of discontinuity based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):3005-3008.
[15]KULATILAKE P H S W,SHOU G,HUANG T M,et al.New peak shear strength criteria for anisotropic rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(7):673-697.
[16]GRASSELLI G,WIRTH J,EGGER P.Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(6):789-800.
[17]葛云峰,唐辉明,黄磊,等.岩体结构面三维粗糙度系数表征新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2508-2515.GE Yun-feng,TANG Hui-ming,HUANG Lei,et al.Anew representation method for three-dimensional joint roughness coefficient of rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2508-2515.
[18]唐志成,夏才初,宋英龙,等.Grasselli节理峰值抗剪强度公式再探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):356-361.TANG Zhi-cheng,XIA Cai-chu,SONG Ying-long,et al.Discussion about Grasselli’s peak shear strength criterion for rock joints[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):356-361.
[19]周辉,程广坦,朱勇,等.基于三维扫描和三维雕刻技术的岩石结构面原状重构方法及其力学特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):417-425.ZHOU Hui,CHENG Guang-tan,ZHU Yong,et al.A new method to originally reproduce rock structural plane by integrating 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques and the mechanical characteristics of the reproduced structural plane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):417-425.
[2]夏才初,孙宗颀.工程岩体节理力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002:18-39.XIA Cai-chu,SUN Zong-qi.Engineering mechanics of rock joints[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2002:18-39.
[3]张有天.从岩石力学观点看几个重大工程事故[J].水利学报,2003,34(5):1-10.ZHANG You-tian.Analysis on several catastrophic failures of hydraulic projects in view of rock hydraulics[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(5):1-10.
[4]杜时贵.岩体结构面粗糙度系数JRC的定向统计研究[J].工程地质学报,1994,3(2):62-71.DU Shi-gui.Directional statistical study of rock mass joint roughness JRC[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1994,3(2):62-71.
[5]周宏伟,谢和平,KWASNIEWSKI M A,等.岩体节理表面形貌的各向异性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(2):123-128.ZHOU Hong-wei,XIE He-ping,KWASNIEWSKI M A,et al.On anisotropy of surface topography of rock joint[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(2):123-128.
[6]徐磊,任青文,叶志才,等.基于小波分析的岩体结构表面形貌各向异性研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,6(11):73-76.XU Lei,REN Qing-wen,YE Zhi-cai,et al.Research on anisotropy of surface topography of rock joints based on the wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,6(11):73-76.
[7]BELEM T,HOMAND-ETIENNE F,SOULEY M.Quantitative parameter for rock joint surface roughness[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2000,33(4):217-242.
[8]XIE H P,WANG J A.Direct fractal measurement of fracture surfaces[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,1999,36(20):3073-3084.
[9]孙辅庭,佘成学,蒋庆仁.一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(8):2238-2242.SUN Fu-ting,SHE Cheng-xue,JIANG Qing-ren.A new fractal description method for three-dimensional roughness surface of rock joint[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(8):2238-2242.
[10]张鹏,李宁,陈新民.一种新的裂隙三维表面粗糙度表征方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3477-3482.ZHANG Peng,LI Ning,CHEN Xin-min.A new representation method for three-dimensional surface roughness of rock fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3477-3482.
[11]李久林,唐辉明.结构面粗糙度和抗剪强度的各向异性效应[J].工程勘察,1994(5):12-16.LI Jiu-lin,TANG Hui-ming.On anisotropy of textural surfaces roughness and peak shear strength[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,1994(5):12-16.
[12]陈世江,朱万成,王创业,等.考虑各向异性特征的三维岩体结构面峰值剪切强度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(10):2013-2021.CHEN Shi-jiang,ZHU Wan-cheng,WANG Chuang-ye,et al.The peak shear strength criterion of 3D rock discontinuities based on it’s anisotropic propeties[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(10):2013-2021.
[13]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and degradation of rock joint surfaces under shear loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973-999.
[14]游志诚,王亮清,杨艳霞,等.基于三维激光扫描技术的结构面抗剪强度参数各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):3005-3008.YOU Zhi-cheng,WANG Liang-qing,YANG Yan-xia,et al.Anisotropic research on shear strength parameters of discontinuity based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):3005-3008.
[15]KULATILAKE P H S W,SHOU G,HUANG T M,et al.New peak shear strength criteria for anisotropic rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(7):673-697.
[16]GRASSELLI G,WIRTH J,EGGER P.Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(6):789-800.
[17]葛云峰,唐辉明,黄磊,等.岩体结构面三维粗糙度系数表征新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2508-2515.GE Yun-feng,TANG Hui-ming,HUANG Lei,et al.Anew representation method for three-dimensional joint roughness coefficient of rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2508-2515.
[18]唐志成,夏才初,宋英龙,等.Grasselli节理峰值抗剪强度公式再探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):356-361.TANG Zhi-cheng,XIA Cai-chu,SONG Ying-long,et al.Discussion about Grasselli’s peak shear strength criterion for rock joints[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):356-361.
[19]周辉,程广坦,朱勇,等.基于三维扫描和三维雕刻技术的岩石结构面原状重构方法及其力学特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):417-425.ZHOU Hui,CHENG Guang-tan,ZHU Yong,et al.A new method to originally reproduce rock structural plane by integrating 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques and the mechanical characteristics of the reproduced structural plane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):417-425.
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