山岭隧道复合防水层横向渗流的理论模型及应用
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摘要
山岭隧道复合式衬砌层间土工布是初期支护渗水的主要排放途径,在隧道防排水系统中起到重要作用。为了量化工程条件下复合防水层的工作性能,通过理论分析得到了考虑层间挤压和泥沙淤堵的土工布横向渗流模型,并利用该模型讨论了衬砌层间挤压力对各种规格土工布横向排水能力的影响作用。为进一步验证该理论模型的合理性,设计了新型室内试验装置,评估了不同层间土压力、土工织物淤塞与否对土工布层间横向渗流系数的定量影响。结果表明:复合防水层工作状态下理论模型计算所得渗透系数与耦合浇注洁净接触面试验值较为接近,该理论模型可以反映隧道防水层的实际工作状态;土工布的渗透系数随压力变化是非线性的,随着压力的增大,渗透系数值先迅速降低,后逐渐放缓;当压力较小时,土工布厚度越大水平渗透系数越大,当压力增大时,土工布厚度越大,水平渗透系数下降越快直至无明显差异;验证试验中发现压块内部始终保持3～5 cm水头,意味着初支和二衬层间积水无法完全排水干净。最后结合该理论模型,提出了隧道防排水量化设计的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值。
The geotextile in the composite lining of mountain tunnel is a major pathway of water seepage from the initial support, which plays an important role in the tunnel waterproof and drainage system. In order to quantify the performance of composite waterproof layer under engineering condition, a model of lateral seepage of geotextile in consideration of interlayer compression and silt clogging in the composite lining is developed through theoretical analysis. The influence of interlayer extrusion force of the lining on the lateral drainage capacity of various geotextiles is discussed by using the model. To verify the rationality of the theoretical model, a new indoor test device is designed, the quantitative effects of soil pressures of different layers and silting of geotextile on lateral seepage coefficient are evaluated. The result shows that(1) Under the working condition of composite waterproof layer, the permeability coefficient calculated by the theoretical model is close to the test value of clean contact interface of coupling casting, the theoretical model can reflect the actual working state of tunnel waterproof layer.(2) The permeability coefficient of geotextile varies nonlinearly with pressure. With the increase of pressure, the permeability coefficient decreases rapidly at first and then decreases gradually.(3) When the pressure is small, the greater the thickness of geotextile, the greater the horizontal permeability coefficient. When the pressure increases, the greater the thickness of geotextile, the faster the horizontal permeability coefficient decreases, until there is no more obvious difference.(4) In the verification test, it is found that the water head of 3-5 cm is always maintained inside the block, which means that the water accumulated between the initial support and the second liner cannot be completely drained. Finally, the quantitative design method of tunnel waterproof and drainage is put forward based on the theoretical model, which has certain engineering application value.
The geotextile in the composite lining of mountain tunnel is a major pathway of water seepage from the initial support, which plays an important role in the tunnel waterproof and drainage system. In order to quantify the performance of composite waterproof layer under engineering condition, a model of lateral seepage of geotextile in consideration of interlayer compression and silt clogging in the composite lining is developed through theoretical analysis. The influence of interlayer extrusion force of the lining on the lateral drainage capacity of various geotextiles is discussed by using the model. To verify the rationality of the theoretical model, a new indoor test device is designed, the quantitative effects of soil pressures of different layers and silting of geotextile on lateral seepage coefficient are evaluated. The result shows that(1) Under the working condition of composite waterproof layer, the permeability coefficient calculated by the theoretical model is close to the test value of clean contact interface of coupling casting, the theoretical model can reflect the actual working state of tunnel waterproof layer.(2) The permeability coefficient of geotextile varies nonlinearly with pressure. With the increase of pressure, the permeability coefficient decreases rapidly at first and then decreases gradually.(3) When the pressure is small, the greater the thickness of geotextile, the greater the horizontal permeability coefficient. When the pressure increases, the greater the thickness of geotextile, the faster the horizontal permeability coefficient decreases, until there is no more obvious difference.(4) In the verification test, it is found that the water head of 3-5 cm is always maintained inside the block, which means that the water accumulated between the initial support and the second liner cannot be completely drained. Finally, the quantitative design method of tunnel waterproof and drainage is put forward based on the theoretical model, which has certain engineering application value.
引文
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[10]代婷婷.短纤针刺土工布的水平渗透性能研究[D].郑州:中原工学院,2011.DAI Ting-ting.Research on Horizontal Permeability of Staple Fiber Needle-punched Geotixtile[D].Zhengzhou:Zhongyuan University of Technology,2011.
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[12]蒋雅君,杨其新,刘东民,等.隧道工程非织造土工布的水平排水特性探讨[J].新型建筑材料,2013,40(1):57-61.JIANG Ya-jun,YANG Qi-xin,LIU Dong-min,et al.Discussion on Level Drainage Property of Nonwoven Geotextiles in Tunnel Engineering[J].New Building Materials,2013,40(1):57-61.
[13]魏取福,贺福敏.非织造土工布压缩性及导水性的研究[J].纺织学报,1996(5):307-309.WEI Qu-fu,HE Fu-min.Study on Compressibility and Inplane Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles[J].Journal of Textile Research,1996(5):307-309.
[14]崔凯.聚酯纺粘针刺土工布工艺技术与产品性能研究[D].上海:东华大学,2014.CUI Kai.Study on Technique and Product Property of Polyester Spunbond Needlepunched Geotextiles[J].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014.
[15]吴华林,沈焕庭,李中伟.泥沙颗粒沉降变加速运动研究[J].海洋工程,2000,18(1):44-49.WU Hua-lin,SHEN Huan-ting,LI Zhong-wei.Acceleration Motion of Sediment Particles in Settling Process[J].Ocean Engineering,2000,18(1):44-49.
[16]王媛,速宝玉.单裂隙面渗流特性及等效水力隙宽[J].水科学进展,2002,13(1):61-68.WANG Yuan,SU Baoyu.Research on the Behavior of Fluid Flow in a Single Fracture and Its Equivalent Hydraulic Aperture[J].Advances in Water Science,2002,13(1):61-68.
[17]刘敏捷.山岭隧道地下水扰动规律及防排水调控技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2017.LIU Min-jie.Research on Regulation of Groundwater Disturbance and Controlling Technology of Waterproofdrainage in Mountain Tunnel[D].Changsha:Central South University,2017.
[18]李冬凤.浅谈塑料防护排水板的应用[C]//全国第十五届防水材料技术交流大会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会房建材料分会防水材料专业委员会,2013.LI Dong-feng.Discussion of Application of Plastic Drainage Board[C]//Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Technical Exchange of Waterproof Materials.Beijing:Professional Committee of Waterproofing Materials,Building Materials Branch of China Silicate Society,2013.
[2]巩江峰,朱勇.从施工工艺和防排水效果反思铁路隧道的防排水设计[J].铁道标准设计,2018,62(4):145-150.GONG Jiang-feng,ZHU Yong.Reflection on Waterproof and Drainage Design of Railway Tunnels Based on Construction Process and Waterproof and Drainage Effects[J].Railway Standard Design,2018,62(4):145-150.
[3]RAWAL A,SARASWAT H.Poresize Distribution of Hybrid Nonwoven Geotextiles[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(3):363-367.
[4]RAWAL A,SAYEED M M A,SARASWAT H,et al.AComparison of Wide-width Tensile Strength to Its Axisymmetric Tensile Strength of Hybrid Needle Punched Nonwoven Geotextiles[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2013,36:66-70.
[5]ARIADURAI S A,POTLURI P,WLLYTE I L.Modeling the In-plane Permeability of Woven Geotextiles[J].Textile Research Journal,1999,69(5):345-351.
[6]王向钦,倪冰选,张鹏.长丝纺黏针刺非织造土工布的垂直渗透性能[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2014,40(2):234-237.WANG Xiang-qin,NI Bing-xuan,ZHANG Peng.The Vertical Permeability of Spunbonded and Needle-punched Filament Nonwoven Geotextiles[J].Journal of Donghua University:Natural Science Edition,2014,40(2):234-237.
[7]吉连英.非织造土工织物的渗透性能研究[D].上海:东华大学,2010.JI Lian-ying.Investigation on Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2010.
[8]何璐,田波,权磊,等.水泥混凝土土工布隔离层剪切与排水性能研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(9):26-31.HE Lu,TIAN Bo,QUAN Lei,et al.Study on Performance of Shearing and Drainage of Geotextile Interlayer for Cement Concrete[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(9):26-31.
[9]高劲松.公路隧道渗漏水病害发生机理及对策研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.GAO Jin-song.Study on Highway Tunnel Water Leakage Mechanism and Countermeasures[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[10]代婷婷.短纤针刺土工布的水平渗透性能研究[D].郑州:中原工学院,2011.DAI Ting-ting.Research on Horizontal Permeability of Staple Fiber Needle-punched Geotixtile[D].Zhengzhou:Zhongyuan University of Technology,2011.
[11]李彬.隧道复合式衬砌排水垫层的排水泄压能力研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.LI Bin.Research on Drainage and Pressure Relief Capacity of Drainage Cushion in Tunnel Composite Lining[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2018.
[12]蒋雅君,杨其新,刘东民,等.隧道工程非织造土工布的水平排水特性探讨[J].新型建筑材料,2013,40(1):57-61.JIANG Ya-jun,YANG Qi-xin,LIU Dong-min,et al.Discussion on Level Drainage Property of Nonwoven Geotextiles in Tunnel Engineering[J].New Building Materials,2013,40(1):57-61.
[13]魏取福,贺福敏.非织造土工布压缩性及导水性的研究[J].纺织学报,1996(5):307-309.WEI Qu-fu,HE Fu-min.Study on Compressibility and Inplane Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles[J].Journal of Textile Research,1996(5):307-309.
[14]崔凯.聚酯纺粘针刺土工布工艺技术与产品性能研究[D].上海:东华大学,2014.CUI Kai.Study on Technique and Product Property of Polyester Spunbond Needlepunched Geotextiles[J].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014.
[15]吴华林,沈焕庭,李中伟.泥沙颗粒沉降变加速运动研究[J].海洋工程,2000,18(1):44-49.WU Hua-lin,SHEN Huan-ting,LI Zhong-wei.Acceleration Motion of Sediment Particles in Settling Process[J].Ocean Engineering,2000,18(1):44-49.
[16]王媛,速宝玉.单裂隙面渗流特性及等效水力隙宽[J].水科学进展,2002,13(1):61-68.WANG Yuan,SU Baoyu.Research on the Behavior of Fluid Flow in a Single Fracture and Its Equivalent Hydraulic Aperture[J].Advances in Water Science,2002,13(1):61-68.
[17]刘敏捷.山岭隧道地下水扰动规律及防排水调控技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2017.LIU Min-jie.Research on Regulation of Groundwater Disturbance and Controlling Technology of Waterproofdrainage in Mountain Tunnel[D].Changsha:Central South University,2017.
[18]李冬凤.浅谈塑料防护排水板的应用[C]//全国第十五届防水材料技术交流大会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会房建材料分会防水材料专业委员会,2013.LI Dong-feng.Discussion of Application of Plastic Drainage Board[C]//Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Technical Exchange of Waterproof Materials.Beijing:Professional Committee of Waterproofing Materials,Building Materials Branch of China Silicate Society,2013.