冻融环境下岩体损伤力学特性多尺度研究及进展
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摘要
岩体因天然缺陷存在易受到冻融环境影响而产生损伤,冻融损伤过程实质上为反复冻胀荷载作用于缺陷引起的疲劳演化过程。但从冻融损伤存在显著的尺度效应,缺陷的不同空间尺度往往决定了冻融损伤评价尺度,如初始损伤以空洞、孔隙、微裂纹等为主的多孔岩石,其冻融损伤多表现为孔隙或微裂隙萌发、扩展、连通等,反映的是微、细观尺度范畴;而初始损伤以节理、裂隙等为主的岩体,其冻融损伤多体现沿宏观缺陷的局部化冻融损伤,属于宏观损伤尺度范畴。着眼于岩石冻融损伤尺度及对应损伤识别尺度两大关键问题,首先,依据岩石天然缺陷空间尺度进行量化分级,明确不同层级下的损伤特征及对应损伤识别方法;而后系统归纳微、细、宏观尺度下岩石冻融损伤识别及评价方法,明确不同尺度条件下冻融损伤识别手段及损伤力学机制。最后,结合现今岩石冻融损伤研究现状,提出岩体冻融多尺度损伤识别及评价机制发展方向,并初步探讨冻融诱发岩体损伤的微–细–宏观的跨尺度认知思路,有望对冻融诱发岩体损伤特性及对应性识别系统认知提供参考。
Due to the natural defects existing in rock mass,freezing-thawing damage is easier to occur around these defects. In fact,the freezing-thawing damage can be regarded as the fatigue process along the local area of the natural defects under the repeated frost loading. However,the significant scale effect exists in the freeze-thaw damage. The spatial scale of these defects always control the evaluation scale of freezing-thawing damage. For example,for the porous rocks with the defects such as cavity,porosity and micro-crack,their freezing-thawing damages commonly present the germination,extension and cutting-through of these porosities and micro-cracks,which can be classified in the microscopic scale. While for the fractured rocks with fault,joint or fracture,their damages show the typical localization characteristics along the tips of macro defects,which should be considered in the macroscopic scale. The scales of freezing-thawing damage and its corresponding damage recognitions are the focus of this work. Firstly,the quantitative grading are carried out according to the spatial sizes of these natural defects,and the damage characteristics and the corresponding recognition for different scales are also discussed. Then,the recognition and evaluation methods of freezing-thawing damage in the micro-scale,meso-scale and macro-scale are concluded comprehensively. Finally,combing with the present works of the evaluation of freeze-thaw damage of rock mass,we attempt to present the viewpoints regarding the future development of recognition methods and damage evaluation mechanism,and to discuss briefly the cross-scale evolution paths from micro,meso to macro scale in the freezing-thawing damage of rock mass.
Due to the natural defects existing in rock mass,freezing-thawing damage is easier to occur around these defects. In fact,the freezing-thawing damage can be regarded as the fatigue process along the local area of the natural defects under the repeated frost loading. However,the significant scale effect exists in the freeze-thaw damage. The spatial scale of these defects always control the evaluation scale of freezing-thawing damage. For example,for the porous rocks with the defects such as cavity,porosity and micro-crack,their freezing-thawing damages commonly present the germination,extension and cutting-through of these porosities and micro-cracks,which can be classified in the microscopic scale. While for the fractured rocks with fault,joint or fracture,their damages show the typical localization characteristics along the tips of macro defects,which should be considered in the macroscopic scale. The scales of freezing-thawing damage and its corresponding damage recognitions are the focus of this work. Firstly,the quantitative grading are carried out according to the spatial sizes of these natural defects,and the damage characteristics and the corresponding recognition for different scales are also discussed. Then,the recognition and evaluation methods of freezing-thawing damage in the micro-scale,meso-scale and macro-scale are concluded comprehensively. Finally,combing with the present works of the evaluation of freeze-thaw damage of rock mass,we attempt to present the viewpoints regarding the future development of recognition methods and damage evaluation mechanism,and to discuss briefly the cross-scale evolution paths from micro,meso to macro scale in the freezing-thawing damage of rock mass.
引文
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