紫禁城的排水系统
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摘要
紫禁城自建成至今近600年,从未遭受水患,得益于其完善的防汛排水系统。紫禁城的排水系统包括古建筑屋顶、地面和地下三部分。屋顶排水主要利用曲面坡度、瓦垄及排水瓦件来实现,地面排水主要通过台基的排水兽、广场地面的坡度、城墙的排水槽来实现,地下排水则通过纵横交错的排水道、暗沟来实现。紫禁城的雨水最终流入内金水河。紫禁城良好的排水系统离不开及时的维护与保养。
There have been nearly 600 years since the Forbidden City was built. It never suffers flood,which owes to its perfect drainage system for flood control. Drainage system of the Forbidden City includes 3 parts: roof of ancient building,ground and underground. The curved roof with rows of drainage tiles helps the rain water flow down to ground. The ground drainage system includes dragon head ornament on base platform,the slope of square,and the water channel on city wall. The underground drainage depends on the crossing sewers and blind ditches. All the rain water finally flows into the inner golden river. The good performance of the drainage system in the Forbidden City relates closely to the timely maintenance.
There have been nearly 600 years since the Forbidden City was built. It never suffers flood,which owes to its perfect drainage system for flood control. Drainage system of the Forbidden City includes 3 parts: roof of ancient building,ground and underground. The curved roof with rows of drainage tiles helps the rain water flow down to ground. The ground drainage system includes dragon head ornament on base platform,the slope of square,and the water channel on city wall. The underground drainage depends on the crossing sewers and blind ditches. All the rain water finally flows into the inner golden river. The good performance of the drainage system in the Forbidden City relates closely to the timely maintenance.
引文
[1]王铭珍.紫禁城的防汛[J].北京档案,2011(11):54-55.
[2]蒋博光.紫禁城排水与北京城沟渠述略[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第一辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,1997:153-159.
[3]单霁翔.故宫排水系统营造与维护中的“工匠精神”[J].北京规划建设,2017(2):64-66.
[4]周乾.考虑含孔洞土的古城墙受力计算研究[J].古建园林技术,2011(2):26-29.
[5]李合群.论中国古代城墙排水[J].安徽建筑,2016(2):17-19.
[6]于倬云.紫禁城宫殿[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006:292-293.
[2]蒋博光.紫禁城排水与北京城沟渠述略[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第一辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,1997:153-159.
[3]单霁翔.故宫排水系统营造与维护中的“工匠精神”[J].北京规划建设,2017(2):64-66.
[4]周乾.考虑含孔洞土的古城墙受力计算研究[J].古建园林技术,2011(2):26-29.
[5]李合群.论中国古代城墙排水[J].安徽建筑,2016(2):17-19.
[6]于倬云.紫禁城宫殿[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006:292-293.