不同应力路径下堆石料的动力变形特性试验研究
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摘要
采用大型多功能静动三轴试验机,对堆石料分别进行了常规三轴循环加载、等p循环加载和等q循环加载三种不同应力路径下的动力变形试验研究,探讨了不同应力路径下围压﹑固结应力比及动应力比等因素对体应变和偏应变的影响规律及其变形机制。试验结果表明:在循环荷载作用下,不同应力路径对堆石料体应变和偏应变的发展规律影响较大;在等p循环加载作用下引起的往返体应变为负值,即发生剪胀现象,且在轴向剪切时达到最大剪胀值,反向剪切时基本不发生剪胀;在等q循环加载作用下产生较大的残余体应变和残余偏应变,两者均不可忽略不计,主要与堆石料的各向异性和颗粒破碎有关。
Dynamic deformation experiments of rockfill materials were carried out by using the large-scale triaxial apparatus, such as the conventional triaxial cyclic loading, the p=const cyclic loading and the q=const cyclic loading. The influence and deformation mechanisms of confining pressure, consolidation stress ratio and dynamic stress ratio on the volumetric strain and deviatoric strain were discussed. The test results indicated that different stress paths had a great influence on the development pattern of the volumetric strain and deviatoric strain under the cyclic loading. The reciprocating volumetric strain was negative under the p=const cyclic loading,indicating dilatancy with its maximum dilatancy occurring in the axial shearing, while the shear dilatancy did not show in the reverse shearing. The large residual volumetric strain and residual deviatoric strain were produced under the q=const cyclic loading, which were not negligible, and it was mainly related to the anisotropy and particle breakage of the rockfill materials.
Dynamic deformation experiments of rockfill materials were carried out by using the large-scale triaxial apparatus, such as the conventional triaxial cyclic loading, the p=const cyclic loading and the q=const cyclic loading. The influence and deformation mechanisms of confining pressure, consolidation stress ratio and dynamic stress ratio on the volumetric strain and deviatoric strain were discussed. The test results indicated that different stress paths had a great influence on the development pattern of the volumetric strain and deviatoric strain under the cyclic loading. The reciprocating volumetric strain was negative under the p=const cyclic loading,indicating dilatancy with its maximum dilatancy occurring in the axial shearing, while the shear dilatancy did not show in the reverse shearing. The large residual volumetric strain and residual deviatoric strain were produced under the q=const cyclic loading, which were not negligible, and it was mainly related to the anisotropy and particle breakage of the rockfill materials.
引文
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[2]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795―801.Chen Shengshui,Huo Jiaping,Zhang Weimin.Analysis of effects of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake on Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795―801.(in Chinese)
[3]陈生水,方绪顺,钱亚俊.高土石坝地震安全评价及抗震设计思考[J].水利水运工程学报,2011,3(1):17―21.Chen Shengshui,Fang Xushun,Qian Yajun.Thoughts on safety assessment and earthquake-resistance for high earth-rock dams[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011,3(1):17―21.(in Chinese)
[4]Yasuda N,Matsumoto N.Dynamic deformation characteristics of sands and rockfill materials[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,30(5):747―757.
[5]Yasuda N,Matsumoto N,Yoshioka R,et al.Undrained monotonic and cyclic strength of compacted rockfill material form triaxial and torsional simple shear tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,34(3):357―367.
[6]沈珠江,徐刚.堆石料的动力变形特性[J].水利水运科学研究,1996,6(2):143―150.Shen Zhujiang,Xu Gang.Deformation behavior of rock material under cyclic loading[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1996,6(2):143―150.(in Chinese)
[7]邹德高,孟凡伟,孔宪京,等.堆石料残余变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):807―812.Zou Degao,Meng Fanwei,Kong Xianjing,et al.Residual deformation behavior of rockfill materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):807―812.(in Chinese)
[8]Yasufuku N,Murata H,Hyodo M.Yielding characteristics of anisotropically consolidation sand under low and high stresses[J].Soils and Foundations,1991,31(1):95―109.
[9]张建民.砂土的可逆性和不可逆性剪胀规律[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):12―17.Zhang Jianmin.Reversible and irreversible dilatancy of sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):12―17.(in Chinese)
[10]陈存礼,谢定义.偏应力往返作用下饱和砂土变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):669―675.Chen Cunli,Xie Dingyi.Testing study on deformation characteristics of saturated sand under repeated deviatoric stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):669―675.(in Chinese)
[11]谷川,王军,蔡袁强,等.循环球应力对饱和软粘土动应变发展规律的影响及作用机制[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):1057―1066.Gu Chuan,Wang Jun,Cai Yuanqiang,et al.Effects of cyclic spherical stress on dynamic strain law of saturated soft clay and its action mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):1057―1066.(in Chinese)
[12]于艺林,王富强,张建民.球应力循环加载下粒状土变形规律与本构描述[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(9):1365―1368.Yu Yilin,Wang Fuqiang,Zhang Jinmin.Deformation characteristics and constitutive modeling of granular soils during cyclic loading with spherical stresses[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2010,50(9):1365―1368.(in Chinese)
[13]杨光,孙江龙,于玉贞,等.偏应力和球应力往返作用下粗粒料的变形特性[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(6):822―825.Yang Guang,Sun Jianglong,Yu Yuzhen,et al.Deformation characterisitics of coarse-grained materials during cyclic loading of deviatoric and spherical stresses[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009,49(6):822―825.(in Chinese)参考文献―转第页
[14]陈存礼,谢定义,高鹏.球应力往返作用下饱和砂土变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):513―520.Chen Cunli,Xie Dingyi,Gao Peng.Testing study on deformation characteristics of saturated sand under repeated spherical stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):513―520.(in Chinese)
[15]陈勇,韦双,Dave Chan.库水循环加卸载条件下岸坡饱和土体变形特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(5):612―618.Chen Yong,Wei Shuang,Dave Chan.Experiment study on deformation characteristics of slope deep soil under cyclic loading and unloading action of reservoir water[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(5):612―618.(in Chinese)
[16]赵致艺,邓刚,温彦锋,等.初始相对密度对循环球应力作用下饱和砂土变形特性的影响[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(3):71―77.Zhao Zhiyi,Deng Gang,Wen Yanfeng,et al.Effects of initial relative density of sand on its deformation under cyclic spherical stress[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,36(3):71―77.(in Chinese)
[17]张丙印,吕明治,高莲士.粗粒料大型三轴试验中橡皮膜嵌入量对体变的影响及校正[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(2):30―33.Zhang Bingyin,LüMingzhi,Gao Lianshi.Correction of membrance penetration in large-scale triaxial tests for granular materials[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2003,34(2):30―33.(in Chinese)
[18]Marsal R J.Large scale testing of rockfill materials[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1967,93(2):27―43.