木构架承重-空斗墙围护民居抗震加固振动台试验研究
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摘要
木构架承重-空斗墙围护民居大量分布在我国南方农村地区,该类民居整体性较差,历次地震中该类民居破坏较严重。采取高延性混凝土ECC面层加固围护空斗墙,扁钢、角钢及薄钢板增强木构架节点,穿墙钢筋捆绑木构架与围护墙体等加固措施。设计了1/2缩尺模型进行振动台试验,通过调整输入地震波峰值加速度来考虑不同水准地震烈度,分析了围护空斗墙损伤,探讨了模型频率与阻尼比变化特性,对比了围护空斗墙体与木构架加速度放大系数和位移包络值,并验证了二者在地震中的变形协调性。试验结果表明:(1)围护墙体仅在外侧出现明显裂缝,内侧ECC面层与墙体始终未脱离且未出现裂缝,围护墙整体性仍可得到一定保障;(2)木构架与钢加固件连接部位仅发生轻微破坏,木构架没有出现明显损伤;(3)木构架与围护墙体之间出现滑移,整体上二者协同抗震变形性能良好。该系列措施的加固效果较理想,适用于该类民居的抗震加固。
The loading bearing timber frame-enclosure cavity wall houses were largely distributed in rural areas in the south of China. This type of structure has a poor structural entirety, which had been illustrated in past earthquakes. In this study, the ECC splint was used to reinforce the enclosure cavity wall, the flat and thin steel plates were separately employed to reinforce the joints in timber frame, and reinforcing bars were adopted to improve the structural entity between cavity wall and timber frame. A 1/2 scaled structural model were constructed in order to conduct a shaking table test. The different earthquake intensities were implemented by adjustment of the peak acceleration of each earthquake ground motion. The damage of the enclosure cavity wall, the fundamental frequency and damping ratio of model were discussed. The consistencies of acceleration and displacement responses of the cavity wall and timber frame were verified, respectively. The test results showed that:(1) obvious cracks were only appeared at the outside of the enclosure cavity wall, the ECC splint was not stripped or cracked, and the integrality of the enclosure cavity wall was acceptable;(2) the connection positions between joint and member were only slightly loose and there was no obvious damage in timber frame;(3) the slippage was occurred between timber frame and cavity wall, but these two parts can still deform consistently in the loading process. The reinforcement strategy proposed in this experiment is good enough in reinforcing this kind of houses.
The loading bearing timber frame-enclosure cavity wall houses were largely distributed in rural areas in the south of China. This type of structure has a poor structural entirety, which had been illustrated in past earthquakes. In this study, the ECC splint was used to reinforce the enclosure cavity wall, the flat and thin steel plates were separately employed to reinforce the joints in timber frame, and reinforcing bars were adopted to improve the structural entity between cavity wall and timber frame. A 1/2 scaled structural model were constructed in order to conduct a shaking table test. The different earthquake intensities were implemented by adjustment of the peak acceleration of each earthquake ground motion. The damage of the enclosure cavity wall, the fundamental frequency and damping ratio of model were discussed. The consistencies of acceleration and displacement responses of the cavity wall and timber frame were verified, respectively. The test results showed that:(1) obvious cracks were only appeared at the outside of the enclosure cavity wall, the ECC splint was not stripped or cracked, and the integrality of the enclosure cavity wall was acceptable;(2) the connection positions between joint and member were only slightly loose and there was no obvious damage in timber frame;(3) the slippage was occurred between timber frame and cavity wall, but these two parts can still deform consistently in the loading process. The reinforcement strategy proposed in this experiment is good enough in reinforcing this kind of houses.
引文
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[15] 张晋.采用MATLAB进行振动台试验数据的处理 [J].工业建筑,2002,32(2):29-65.ZHANG Jin.Using matlab to deal with data of the shaking table test.[J].Industrial Construction,2002,32(2):29-65.(in Chinese)
[2] 雷静雅,杨辉,徐学勇等.5.12汶川地震房屋震害分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(27):39-41.LEI Jingya,YANG Hui,XU Xueyong et al.Damage analysis for the buildings in Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th [J].Joural of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(27):39-41.(in Chinese)
[3] MALEJ M,LIN VWJ,NGUYEN MP,at al.Engineered cementitous composites for effective strengthening of unreinforced masonary walls [J].Engineering Structures,2010,32:2432-2439.
[4] AYOUB Dehghani,GREGOR Fischer,FARIBORZ Nateghi-Alahi.Strengthening masonry infill panels using engineered cementitious composites [J].Materials and Structures,2015,48:185-204.
[5] LIN Y,LAWLEY Derek,WOTHERSPOON Liam,et al.Out-of-plane testing of unreinforced masonry walls strengthened using ECC shotcrete [J].Structures,2016,7:33-42.
[6] BILLINGTON SL,KYRIAKIDES MA,BLACKARD B,et al.Evaluation of a sprayable,ductile cement-based composite for the seismic retrofit of unreinforced masonary infills[C].San Francisco,Caliafomia:AIC&SEI Conference on the Improving the seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures,2009:823-834.
[7] MAALEJ M,LIN VWJ,NGUYEN MP,et al.Engineered cementitous composites for effective strengthening of unreinforced masonary walls.Engineering Structures,2010,32:2432-2439.
[8] LIN Yiwei,WOTHERSPOON Liam,SCOTT Allan,at al.In-plane strengthening of clay brick unreinforced masonary wallettes using ECC shotcrete [J].Engineering structures,2014,66(2014):57-65.
[9] AYOUB Dehghani,FARIBORZ Nateghi-Alahi,GREGOR Fischer.Engineered cementitious composites for strengthening masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames [J].Engineering Structures,2015,105(2015):197-208.
[10] 邓明科,杨铄,梁兴文.高延性混凝土单面加固构造柱约束砖砌体墙抗震性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(4):10-19.DENG Mingke,YANG Shuo,LIANG Xingwen.Experimental studies on seismic behavior of confined masonry walls strengthened with single HDC layer [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(4):10-19.(in Chinese)
[11] 邓明科,高晓军,梁兴文.ECC面层加固砖墙抗震性能试验研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(6):168-174.DENG Mingke,GAO Xiaojun,LIANG Xingwen.Experimental investigation on aseismic behavior of brick wall strengthened with ecc splint [J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(6):168-174.(in Chinese)
[12] 邓明科,樊鑫淼,高晓军,等.ECC面层加固受损砖砌体墙抗震性能试验研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(4):120-129.DENG Mingke,FAN Xinmiao,GAO Xiaojun,et al.Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of damaged brick masonry wall strengthened with ECC splint [J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(4):120-129.(in Chinese)
[13] 周颖,吕西林.建筑结构振动台模型试验方法与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[14] 周铁钢,朱瑞召.土坯围护墙-木结构民居抗震加固振动台试验研究 [J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)2016,3(48):346-370.ZHOU Tiegang,ZHU Ruizhao.Shaking table test study on a seismic strengthening adobe-wall-shielding and timber-structure-bearing dwelling [J].Xi'an Univ.of Arch.& Tech.(Natural Science Edition) 2016,48(3):346-370.(in Chinese)
[15] 张晋.采用MATLAB进行振动台试验数据的处理 [J].工业建筑,2002,32(2):29-65.ZHANG Jin.Using matlab to deal with data of the shaking table test.[J].Industrial Construction,2002,32(2):29-65.(in Chinese)