库车前陆盆地东西部油气成藏过程差异性分析——以吐北1和迪那2构造为例
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摘要
库车前陆盆地油气演化历史复杂,呈现多期生烃、多期运聚、破坏和调整并举、区带成藏具明显差异性等特点。由于分区对比研究较少,制约了对区带差异性油气分布规律的认识。因此,对库车前陆盆地东部和西部典型含油气构造进行对比分析,结合定量荧光、流体包裹体和油气运聚数值模拟等技术,系统地对比了库车前陆盆地东西部油气成藏过程差异性。①盆地西部聚集的轻质油组分以三环芳烃和四环芳烃为主,东部以四环芳烃为主,且部分储层段含有早期残余重质组分。②成藏过程具有"早油晚气,晚期规模成藏"特点,西部早期原油充注时间为15Ma左右,东部约为10Ma,西部烃源岩热演化明显高于东部。晚期西部成藏时间为3Ma左右,东部约为2.5Ma,强烈隆升的圈闭捕获了大规模的天然气和轻质油,成藏具有快速高效特点。③西部由于早期丧失了盖层的完整性导致原油散失,主要聚集晚期的天然气和少量轻质原油,东部继承性圈闭很好地聚集了2期油气充注。晚期,东部由于地层的翘倾导致油气向盐体上倾方向或浅部地层调整,形成次生油气藏或逸散。
It has multi-phase hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,migration and accumulation,adjustment and destruction in Kuqa foreland basin,and the reservoir forming process is complex and varies from region to region.There are few regional comparative studies,which restrict the understanding of region difference of hydrocarbon distribution.Two typical hydrocarbon bearing structure from east to west of Kuqa foreland basin were selected to make comparative analysis,by combining quantitative fluorescence technique,fluid inclusion analytical technique and 2 Dbasin modelling technique.The difference of hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Kuqa foreland basin were systematically compared.The result indicated:(1)The component of light oil accumulated in the west was dominated by tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatics,while the east was dominated by tetracyclic aromatics.Some of the reservoir sections in the east contain residual heavy components from the early crude oil proved by QGF-E and TSF data.(2)The hydrocarbon charge process is characterized by"early oil,late gas,and the gas charge is the most significant".The early oil charge time was about 15 Ma in the west,10 Ma in the east,and the thermal evolution of source rock is higher in the west than in the east.About 3 Ma ago in the west and 2.5 Ma ago in the east,the source rock entered gas generation stage.The trap uplifted sharply during the Himalayan orogeny,and the gas accumulated in the trap quickly and efficiently.(3)In the first stage,the migration pathway of hydrocarbon was vertically upward and then laterally upward when reaching the salt bottom,the fault cut through the salt seal in the shallow burial,causing the leakage of the early oil.In the second stage,the trap in the west kept uplifting,while the east inclined causing the hydrocarbon to migrate to the updip direction and accumulate in the flank area of salt,shallow reservoir or seeping to the earth surface.
It has multi-phase hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,migration and accumulation,adjustment and destruction in Kuqa foreland basin,and the reservoir forming process is complex and varies from region to region.There are few regional comparative studies,which restrict the understanding of region difference of hydrocarbon distribution.Two typical hydrocarbon bearing structure from east to west of Kuqa foreland basin were selected to make comparative analysis,by combining quantitative fluorescence technique,fluid inclusion analytical technique and 2 Dbasin modelling technique.The difference of hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Kuqa foreland basin were systematically compared.The result indicated:(1)The component of light oil accumulated in the west was dominated by tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatics,while the east was dominated by tetracyclic aromatics.Some of the reservoir sections in the east contain residual heavy components from the early crude oil proved by QGF-E and TSF data.(2)The hydrocarbon charge process is characterized by"early oil,late gas,and the gas charge is the most significant".The early oil charge time was about 15 Ma in the west,10 Ma in the east,and the thermal evolution of source rock is higher in the west than in the east.About 3 Ma ago in the west and 2.5 Ma ago in the east,the source rock entered gas generation stage.The trap uplifted sharply during the Himalayan orogeny,and the gas accumulated in the trap quickly and efficiently.(3)In the first stage,the migration pathway of hydrocarbon was vertically upward and then laterally upward when reaching the salt bottom,the fault cut through the salt seal in the shallow burial,causing the leakage of the early oil.In the second stage,the trap in the west kept uplifting,while the east inclined causing the hydrocarbon to migrate to the updip direction and accumulate in the flank area of salt,shallow reservoir or seeping to the earth surface.
引文
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[14]Zhuo Q G,Meng F W,Song Y,et al.Hydrocarbon migration through salt:Evidence from Kelasu tectonic zone of Kuqa foreland basin in China[J].Carbonates and Evaporites,2014,29(3):291-297.
[15]Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbon charge history[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(7):1023-1036.
[16]Liu Keyu,Lu Xuesong,Gui Lili,et al.Quantitative fluorescence techniques and their applications in hydrocarbon accumulation studies[J].Earth Science,2016,41(3):373-384.刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):373-384.
[17]Liu K,Eadington P,Middleton H,et al.Applying quantitative fluorescence techniques to investigate petroleum charge history of sedimentary basins in Australia and Papuan New Guinea[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007,57(1):139-151.
[18]Liu K,Fenton S,Bastow T,et al.Geochemical evidence of multiple hydrocarbon charges and long distance oil migration in the Vulcan Sub-Basin,Timor Sea[J].Appea Journal,2005,45:1-17.
[19]Parnell J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history[J].Geofluids,2010,10(1-2):73-82.
[20]Lisk M,Eadington P J,O’Brien G W.Unravelling complex filling histories by constraining the timing of events which modify oil fields after initial charge[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1998,144(1):189-203.
[21]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Li Weiqiang,et al.Dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation process in Awate District of Kuqa Depression[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(3):294-299.吴海,赵孟军,李伟强,等.库车坳陷阿瓦特地区油气动态演化过程[J].断块油气田,2016,23(3):294-299.
[22]Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Li Yong,et al.Dynamic sealing evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of evaporate cap rocks:An example from Kuqa foreland basin thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):847-856.卓勤功,赵孟军,李勇,等.膏盐岩盖层封闭性动态演化特征与油气成藏---以库车前陆盆地冲断带为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):847-856.
[23]Sun Dongsheng,Jin Zhijun,Lv Xiuxiang,et al.Reservoir mechanism and finalization period of Dina 2Gasfield in Kuqa Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(5):559-564.孙冬胜,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车前陆盆地迪那2气田成藏机理及成藏年代[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(5):559-564.
[24]Athy L F.Density,porosity,and compaction of sedimentary rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,1930,14(1):1-24.
[25]Smith J E.The dynamics of shale compaction and evolution of pore-fluid pressures[J].Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology,1971,3(3):239-263.
[26]Schneider F,Bouteca M,Vasseur G.Validity of the porosity/effective-stress concept in sedimentary basin modelling[J].First Break,1994,12(6):321-326.
[27]Yang Y,Aplin A C.Definition and practical application of mudstone porosity-effective stress relationships[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2004,10(2):153-162.
[28]Waples D W,Tirsgaard H.Changes in matrix thermal conductivity of clays and claystones as a function of compaction[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2002,8(4):365-370.
[29]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics(1)[J].AAPGBulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[30]Aydin A.Fractures,faults,and hydrocarbon entrapment,migration and flow[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(7):797-814.
[31]Allan U S.Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(7):803-811.
[2]Lu H F,Howell D G,Dong J,et al.Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin,northern flank of the Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].International Geology Review,1994,36(12):1151-1158.
[3]Lu Xuesong,Song Yan,Zhao Mengjun,et al.Thermal history modeling of complicated extrusional section and source rock maturation characteristics in Kuqa foreland basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1547-1557.鲁雪松,宋岩,赵孟军,等.库车前陆盆地复杂挤压剖面热演化历史模拟及烃源岩成熟度演化特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1547-1557.
[4]Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Li Xijian,et al.Tectonic evolution of Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin[J].Scientia Geologica Sinca,2000,35(4):482-492.刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):482-492.
[5]Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Li Yong,et al.The delay of Paleogene evaporate on the gas generation peak of source rocks and its significance in Kuqa foreland basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(12):1903-1912.卓勤功,赵孟军,李勇,等.库车前陆盆地古近系岩盐对烃源岩生气高峰期的迟缓作用及其意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(12):1903-1912
[6]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Quantitative analysis of the effect of salt on geothermal temperature and source rock evolution:A case study of Kuqa foreland basin,western China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):550-558.吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.膏盐岩对地层温度及烃源岩热演化的影响定量分析---以塔里木库车前陆盆地为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):550-558.
[7]Yu Y,Tang L,Yang W,et al.Salt structures and hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].AAPGBulletin,2014,98(1):135-159.
[8]Zhao Menjun,Zhang Baomin.Source rock for a giant gas accumulation areas in the Kuqa foreland depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(S1):35-44.赵孟军,张宝民.库车前陆坳陷形成大气区的烃源岩条件[J].地质科学,2002,37(S1):35-44.
[9]Li Mei,Bao Jianping,Wang Hai,et al.The analysis on the maturity parameters of source rocks and hydrocarbon in Kuche foreland basin of Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(4):367-378.李梅,包建平,汪海,等.库车前陆盆地烃源岩和烃类成熟度及其地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(4):367-378.
[10]Zhao Mengjun,Lu Shuangfang.Two periods of reservoir forming and their significance for hydrocarbon distribution in Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(5):16-20,25.赵孟军,卢双舫.库车坳陷两期成藏及其对油气分布的影响[J].石油学报,2003,24(5):16-20,25.
[11]Sun Jinshan,Liu Guohong,Sun Ming’an,et al.Source rock evaluation of coal-measures strata in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2003,25(6):1-4.孙金山,刘国宏,孙明安,等.库车坳陷侏罗系煤系烃源岩评价[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,25(6):1-4.
[12]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation prospect and charge history of the northern monocline belt in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin,Western China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2325-2335.吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.库车坳陷北部单斜带油气充注史及成藏潜力分析[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2325-2335.
[13]Lv Xiuxiang,Jin Zhijun,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Oil and gas accumulation related to evaporite rocks in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(4):2-10.吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4):2-10.
[14]Zhuo Q G,Meng F W,Song Y,et al.Hydrocarbon migration through salt:Evidence from Kelasu tectonic zone of Kuqa foreland basin in China[J].Carbonates and Evaporites,2014,29(3):291-297.
[15]Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbon charge history[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(7):1023-1036.
[16]Liu Keyu,Lu Xuesong,Gui Lili,et al.Quantitative fluorescence techniques and their applications in hydrocarbon accumulation studies[J].Earth Science,2016,41(3):373-384.刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):373-384.
[17]Liu K,Eadington P,Middleton H,et al.Applying quantitative fluorescence techniques to investigate petroleum charge history of sedimentary basins in Australia and Papuan New Guinea[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007,57(1):139-151.
[18]Liu K,Fenton S,Bastow T,et al.Geochemical evidence of multiple hydrocarbon charges and long distance oil migration in the Vulcan Sub-Basin,Timor Sea[J].Appea Journal,2005,45:1-17.
[19]Parnell J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history[J].Geofluids,2010,10(1-2):73-82.
[20]Lisk M,Eadington P J,O’Brien G W.Unravelling complex filling histories by constraining the timing of events which modify oil fields after initial charge[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1998,144(1):189-203.
[21]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Li Weiqiang,et al.Dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation process in Awate District of Kuqa Depression[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(3):294-299.吴海,赵孟军,李伟强,等.库车坳陷阿瓦特地区油气动态演化过程[J].断块油气田,2016,23(3):294-299.
[22]Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Li Yong,et al.Dynamic sealing evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of evaporate cap rocks:An example from Kuqa foreland basin thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):847-856.卓勤功,赵孟军,李勇,等.膏盐岩盖层封闭性动态演化特征与油气成藏---以库车前陆盆地冲断带为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):847-856.
[23]Sun Dongsheng,Jin Zhijun,Lv Xiuxiang,et al.Reservoir mechanism and finalization period of Dina 2Gasfield in Kuqa Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(5):559-564.孙冬胜,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车前陆盆地迪那2气田成藏机理及成藏年代[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(5):559-564.
[24]Athy L F.Density,porosity,and compaction of sedimentary rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,1930,14(1):1-24.
[25]Smith J E.The dynamics of shale compaction and evolution of pore-fluid pressures[J].Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology,1971,3(3):239-263.
[26]Schneider F,Bouteca M,Vasseur G.Validity of the porosity/effective-stress concept in sedimentary basin modelling[J].First Break,1994,12(6):321-326.
[27]Yang Y,Aplin A C.Definition and practical application of mudstone porosity-effective stress relationships[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2004,10(2):153-162.
[28]Waples D W,Tirsgaard H.Changes in matrix thermal conductivity of clays and claystones as a function of compaction[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2002,8(4):365-370.
[29]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics(1)[J].AAPGBulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[30]Aydin A.Fractures,faults,and hydrocarbon entrapment,migration and flow[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(7):797-814.
[31]Allan U S.Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(7):803-811.
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