冬小麦穗粒数和粒质量对喷施生物微肥的响应
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摘要
初步探讨孕穗前喷施生物微肥对小麦穗粒数和粒质量的调控效应,以期为增加小麦穗粒数、粒质量,提高产量调控技术的研究提供参考。试验以半冬性品种郑麦379为供试材料,利用赛土丰和赛苗旺复合营养剂于小麦孕穗前分别进行根部和叶面喷施处理,对不同喷施条件下的小花数、小花败育速率、成熟后小麦穗部性状进行观察和分析。结果表明,叶面喷施赛苗旺、土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理可降低小麦败育阶段基部和中部穗位的小花败育速率,并显著提高其部位的小花数,与喷施清水相比,2个处理基部小穗位的小花败育速率分别降低18.9%,20.5%,中部小穗位小花的败育速率分别降低14.7%,23.6%。综合产量各因素进一步分析发现,在基部穗位,土壤喷施赛土丰、叶面喷施赛苗旺和土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理的粒质量分别较清水对照高7.7%,0.2%,12.2%,穗粒数分别较清水对照多0.1,1.7,1.9个;在中部穗位,土壤喷施赛土丰、叶面喷施赛苗旺和土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理的粒质量分别较清水对照高13.5%,-3.6%,14.6%,穗粒数分别较清水对照多0.5,3.55,4.85个。综上说明,在小花发育后期,土壤喷施赛土丰处理主要是通过提高小麦基部、中部穗位的粒质量来提高产量,叶面喷施赛苗旺处理主要是通过提高小麦基部、中部穗位的穗粒数来提高产量,土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理则可通过同时提高小麦籽粒质量和穗粒数来提高产量,且效果显著。生物微肥营养剂赛土丰和赛苗旺结合施用,在增加小麦穗粒数、提高最终粒质量方面有较大的调控潜力。
Preliminary study the regulation effect of spray biological micro-fertilizer compound nutrition preparation on wheat grain number and grain quality at pre-booting stage, aims to provide references for the chemical regulation of increases in the grain number per ear, grain quality and improving yield control technology of wheat. Field experiment took wheat cultivar Zhengmai 379 as test material,spraying different treatments on wheat roots and leaves before booting, observation and analysis of floret number, abortion rate of floret and spike traits of wheat after ripening under different spraying conditions. The results showed that compared with the spraying water,spraying SMW and STF+SMW restrained infertility rate of the basal and central spikelet florets, and significantly promoted the number of floret increasing in these positions of spike. Compared with the water control treatment, the basal spikelet florets' infertility rate were decreased by 18.9%, 20.5%, and the central spikelet florets' infertility rate were decreased by 14.7%, 23.6%, respectively. Further analysis of various factors of comprehensive yield revealed that in the basal spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment,the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments' grain quality were increased by 7.7%, 0.2%, 12.2%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear increased 0.1, 1.7, 1.9, respectively. In the central spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment, the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments' grain quality increased by 13.5%,-3.6%, 14.6%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear were increased 0.5, 3.55, 4.85, respectively. All this suggests that in the later stage of floret development, spraying STF treatment was mainly by increasing the grain quality of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying SMW treatment was mainly by increasing the grain number of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying STF +SMW treatment could improve the yield by increasing both the grain quality and grain number per ear, and it was very significantly effective. The combination of STF and SMW, a compound nutrient of bio-micronutrient fertilizer, has great regulatory potential in increasing the number of grains per spike and improving the final grain quality of wheat.
Preliminary study the regulation effect of spray biological micro-fertilizer compound nutrition preparation on wheat grain number and grain quality at pre-booting stage, aims to provide references for the chemical regulation of increases in the grain number per ear, grain quality and improving yield control technology of wheat. Field experiment took wheat cultivar Zhengmai 379 as test material,spraying different treatments on wheat roots and leaves before booting, observation and analysis of floret number, abortion rate of floret and spike traits of wheat after ripening under different spraying conditions. The results showed that compared with the spraying water,spraying SMW and STF+SMW restrained infertility rate of the basal and central spikelet florets, and significantly promoted the number of floret increasing in these positions of spike. Compared with the water control treatment, the basal spikelet florets' infertility rate were decreased by 18.9%, 20.5%, and the central spikelet florets' infertility rate were decreased by 14.7%, 23.6%, respectively. Further analysis of various factors of comprehensive yield revealed that in the basal spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment,the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments' grain quality were increased by 7.7%, 0.2%, 12.2%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear increased 0.1, 1.7, 1.9, respectively. In the central spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment, the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments' grain quality increased by 13.5%,-3.6%, 14.6%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear were increased 0.5, 3.55, 4.85, respectively. All this suggests that in the later stage of floret development, spraying STF treatment was mainly by increasing the grain quality of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying SMW treatment was mainly by increasing the grain number of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying STF +SMW treatment could improve the yield by increasing both the grain quality and grain number per ear, and it was very significantly effective. The combination of STF and SMW, a compound nutrient of bio-micronutrient fertilizer, has great regulatory potential in increasing the number of grains per spike and improving the final grain quality of wheat.
引文
[1]于振文,田奇卓,潘庆民,等.黄淮麦区冬小麦超高产栽培的理论与实践[J].作物学报,2002,28(5):577-585.
[2]王兆龙,曹卫星,戴廷波.小麦穗粒数形成的基因型差异及增粒途径分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(2):236-242.
[3]王彦丽,邱喜阳,朱云集,等.施氮量和施氮时期对冬小麦幼穗小花发育及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):82-87.
[4]朱云集,郭天财,王晨阳,等.两种穗型冬小麦品种产量形成特点及超高产关键栽培技术研究[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(6):82-86.
[5]PABLO P,ROXANA S,GUSTAVO A S. Grain number and its relationship with dry matter,N and P in spikes at heading in response to N×P fertilization in barley[J]. Field Crops Research,2004,90(2/3):245-254.
[6]朱云集,崔金梅,王晨阳,等.小麦不同生育时期施氮对穗花发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(11):1325-1329.
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[8]郑春风,任伟,朱云集,等.冬小麦小花发育及结实特性对叶面喷6-BA的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):774-780.
[9]刘美英.硼肥、锌肥及其交互作用对春小麦产量、养分吸收和品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003.
[10]倪英丽.小麦小花发育差异性的生理基础及栽培措施调控研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[11]郑春风,朱慧杰,朱云集,等.冬小麦小花发育及结实特性对叶面喷硼的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):550-556.
[12]文廷刚,陈昱利,杜小凤,等.不同植物生长调节剂对小麦籽粒灌浆特性及粒质量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(1):84-90.
[13]SUN Z Y,HAN B W,LIU S L,et al. Absorption and redistribution of nitrogen during grain-filling period of wheat and their regulation by 6-Benzylaminopurine[J]. Plant Physiology Journal,1996,22(3):258-264.
[14]刘秀丽,张如美,曹显祖.增粒增重剂对稻麦生物学效应的研究[J].天津农学院学报,2000,7(4):1-6.
[15]刘红杰,葛君,倪永静,等.不同植物生长调节剂对小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(4):29-33.
[16]杨东清,王振林,尹燕枰,等.外源ABA和6-BA对不同持绿型小麦旗叶衰老的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2013,39(6):1096-1104.
[17]崔金梅,郭天财,朱云集,等.小麦的穗[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:284-286.
[18]马元喜,王晨阳,朱云集.协调小麦幼穗发育三个两极分化过程增加穗粒数[M]//卢良恕.中国小麦栽培研究新近展.北京:农业出版社,1991:119-126.
[19]王晨阳,朱云集,夏国军,等.氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):978-983.
[20]朱云集,崔金梅,郭天财,等.河南省小麦生产发展中几个关键技术问题的商榷[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(8):54-57.
[21]李秀枝,黄智鸿,袁进成,等.植物生长调节剂对玉米籽粒灌浆特性及粒质量的影响[J].河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2015,31(2):41-44.
[2]王兆龙,曹卫星,戴廷波.小麦穗粒数形成的基因型差异及增粒途径分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(2):236-242.
[3]王彦丽,邱喜阳,朱云集,等.施氮量和施氮时期对冬小麦幼穗小花发育及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):82-87.
[4]朱云集,郭天财,王晨阳,等.两种穗型冬小麦品种产量形成特点及超高产关键栽培技术研究[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(6):82-86.
[5]PABLO P,ROXANA S,GUSTAVO A S. Grain number and its relationship with dry matter,N and P in spikes at heading in response to N×P fertilization in barley[J]. Field Crops Research,2004,90(2/3):245-254.
[6]朱云集,崔金梅,王晨阳,等.小麦不同生育时期施氮对穗花发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(11):1325-1329.
[7]王红军,张来运.有机态硼肥在小麦上应用效果初探[J].上海农业科技,2012,25(3):110-112.
[8]郑春风,任伟,朱云集,等.冬小麦小花发育及结实特性对叶面喷6-BA的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):774-780.
[9]刘美英.硼肥、锌肥及其交互作用对春小麦产量、养分吸收和品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003.
[10]倪英丽.小麦小花发育差异性的生理基础及栽培措施调控研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[11]郑春风,朱慧杰,朱云集,等.冬小麦小花发育及结实特性对叶面喷硼的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):550-556.
[12]文廷刚,陈昱利,杜小凤,等.不同植物生长调节剂对小麦籽粒灌浆特性及粒质量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(1):84-90.
[13]SUN Z Y,HAN B W,LIU S L,et al. Absorption and redistribution of nitrogen during grain-filling period of wheat and their regulation by 6-Benzylaminopurine[J]. Plant Physiology Journal,1996,22(3):258-264.
[14]刘秀丽,张如美,曹显祖.增粒增重剂对稻麦生物学效应的研究[J].天津农学院学报,2000,7(4):1-6.
[15]刘红杰,葛君,倪永静,等.不同植物生长调节剂对小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(4):29-33.
[16]杨东清,王振林,尹燕枰,等.外源ABA和6-BA对不同持绿型小麦旗叶衰老的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2013,39(6):1096-1104.
[17]崔金梅,郭天财,朱云集,等.小麦的穗[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:284-286.
[18]马元喜,王晨阳,朱云集.协调小麦幼穗发育三个两极分化过程增加穗粒数[M]//卢良恕.中国小麦栽培研究新近展.北京:农业出版社,1991:119-126.
[19]王晨阳,朱云集,夏国军,等.氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):978-983.
[20]朱云集,崔金梅,郭天财,等.河南省小麦生产发展中几个关键技术问题的商榷[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(8):54-57.
[21]李秀枝,黄智鸿,袁进成,等.植物生长调节剂对玉米籽粒灌浆特性及粒质量的影响[J].河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2015,31(2):41-44.