FDI流入对全要素生产率的影响——基于中国省际数据
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摘要
从实证研究的角度,选取2005-2017年的省际数据,运用面板单位根检验、协整检验和面板回归分析,引入区域虚拟变量划分沿海和内陆省份,得出结论:FDI对全要素生产率具有显著的促进作用;内陆省份FDI对全要素生产率的敏感系数更大,提升同样多的FDI水平,内陆省份全要素生产率将会得到更大程度的提升。第一,在所有省份中尤其是内陆省市,应该设置进入门槛与优化待遇并存来提高对外开放水平,促进全要素生产率的提高;第二,各省市需大力发展高新技术产业,提高自主创新能力,从而有利于加速FDI更多核心技术的转移和扩散;第三,应注重FDI水平,促使FDI和自主创新能力协同发展,促进全要素生产率的提高,发挥其带动作用和溢出效应。
From the perspective of empirical research, this study, based on the inter-provincial data from 2005 to 2017, carries out panel unit root test, co-integration test and regression analysis, and introduces regional dummy variables to divide the coastal provinces from the inland ones, and draws the conclusion that FDI has a significant promoting effect on the total factor productivity(TFP); the sensitivity coefficient of FDI to TFP in inland provinces is higher, and with the same increasing level of FDI, TFP in inland provinces will be improved more greatly. Then the following suggestions are put forward. Firstly, the threshold for market access and optimized treatment should coexist to improve TFP in all provinces, especially in inland provinces and cities. Secondly, provinces and cities need to vigorously develop the high-tech industries and improve the ability of independent innovation, which is conducive to accelerating the transfer and diffusion of more core technologies of FDI. Thirdly, the FDI level should be focused on and the coordinated development of FDI and the independent innovation ability should be promoted so as to advance the improvement of TFP and give full play to its driving role and spillover effect.
From the perspective of empirical research, this study, based on the inter-provincial data from 2005 to 2017, carries out panel unit root test, co-integration test and regression analysis, and introduces regional dummy variables to divide the coastal provinces from the inland ones, and draws the conclusion that FDI has a significant promoting effect on the total factor productivity(TFP); the sensitivity coefficient of FDI to TFP in inland provinces is higher, and with the same increasing level of FDI, TFP in inland provinces will be improved more greatly. Then the following suggestions are put forward. Firstly, the threshold for market access and optimized treatment should coexist to improve TFP in all provinces, especially in inland provinces and cities. Secondly, provinces and cities need to vigorously develop the high-tech industries and improve the ability of independent innovation, which is conducive to accelerating the transfer and diffusion of more core technologies of FDI. Thirdly, the FDI level should be focused on and the coordinated development of FDI and the independent innovation ability should be promoted so as to advance the improvement of TFP and give full play to its driving role and spillover effect.
引文
[1] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
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[15]于津平,许小雨.长三角经济增长方式与外资利用效应研究[J].国际贸易问题,2011(1):27-32.
[16]柏鑫.外资、外贸对经济增长方式的影响——基于广东省和浙江省的对比分析[D].南京:南京财经大学.2011.
[17]陈雨柯.中国创新能力对经济增长影响的实证研究[J].经济问题,2012(2):20-27.
[18]胡援成,肖德勇.经济发展门槛与自然资源诅咒——基于我国省际层面的面板数据实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(4):18-25.
[19]PETER PEDRONI.Panel Cointegration:Asymptotic And Finite SamPle Properties Of Pooled Time Series Tests With An Applica-Tion To The Ppp Hypothesis[J].Econometric Theory,2004 ,20 (3) :597-625 .
[20]DRISCOLL J C,KRAAY A C.Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1998(80):549-560.
[2]CAVES RICHARD E.Multinational Firms,Competition,and Productivity in Host Country Markets[J].Economica,1974,41(162):176-193.
[3]AITKEN B,HARRISON A.Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?[J].American Economic Review,1999,25:58-70.
[4]WILBUR C,MITCHELL W W,YEUNG B.Foreign Direct Investment and Host CountryProductivity :The American Automotive Component Industry in the 1980s[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2003,34(2):199-218.
[5]MALIK S K.Conditonal Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment:Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Industriest[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2015,43(2):5-19.
[6]AITKEN B,HARRISON A.Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?Evidence from Venezuela.American Economic Review,1999,89:605-618.
[7]SIMEON AND BERNARD H.Foreign Investment and Productivity Growth in Czech Enterprises.[J].World Bank Economic Review,2000,14:49264.
[8]LIU Z.Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillover:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2002,30:579-602.
[9]赵国庆、张中元.FDI会促进中国高技术产业的技术进步吗——基于动态面板模型的实证检验[J].金融评论,2010(4):18-30.
[10]张宇.FDI 与中国全要素生产率的变动——基于DEA 与协整的实证检验[J].世界经济研究,2007(5):17-25.
[11]刘舜佳.国际贸易、FDI和中国全要素生产率下降——基于1952-2006年面板数据的DEA和协整检验[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(11):30-41.
[12]王恕立,滕泽伟.FDI流入、要素再配置效应与中国服务业生产率——基于分行业的经验研究[J].国际贸易问题,2015(4):41-50.
[13]罗军.金融发展门槛、FDI 与区域经济增长方式[J].世界经济研究,2016(4):4-17.
[14]刘颖,张淼,潘博.新常态经济下 FDI 对全要素生产率的影响——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].东北财经大学学报,2018(3) :79-88.
[15]于津平,许小雨.长三角经济增长方式与外资利用效应研究[J].国际贸易问题,2011(1):27-32.
[16]柏鑫.外资、外贸对经济增长方式的影响——基于广东省和浙江省的对比分析[D].南京:南京财经大学.2011.
[17]陈雨柯.中国创新能力对经济增长影响的实证研究[J].经济问题,2012(2):20-27.
[18]胡援成,肖德勇.经济发展门槛与自然资源诅咒——基于我国省际层面的面板数据实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(4):18-25.
[19]PETER PEDRONI.Panel Cointegration:Asymptotic And Finite SamPle Properties Of Pooled Time Series Tests With An Applica-Tion To The Ppp Hypothesis[J].Econometric Theory,2004 ,20 (3) :597-625 .
[20]DRISCOLL J C,KRAAY A C.Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1998(80):549-560.