儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态的病因及治疗进展
|
摘要
惊厥性癫痫持续状态是常见儿童神经系统急症之一,长时间惊厥发作引起脑损伤,甚至危及生命,具有较高的致死率。惊厥发作时间及潜在病因决定其预后,因此,快速止惊、积极寻找病因至关重要。本文对儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态病因及治疗进行综述,有助于临床医生快速终止惊厥发作并寻找潜在病因,改善预后。
Convulsive status epilepticus is one of the most common neurological emergencies in children. Prolonged seizures lead to brain injury and even threaten life. The duration of seizures and underlying etiology of seizures determine its prognosis. Therefore, it is very important to quickly stop seizure and actively search for the etiology. This article reviews the etiology and treatment of children with convulsive status epilepticus, which is helpful for clinicians to quickly stop seizures, search for underlying etiology and improve prognosis.
Convulsive status epilepticus is one of the most common neurological emergencies in children. Prolonged seizures lead to brain injury and even threaten life. The duration of seizures and underlying etiology of seizures determine its prognosis. Therefore, it is very important to quickly stop seizure and actively search for the etiology. This article reviews the etiology and treatment of children with convulsive status epilepticus, which is helpful for clinicians to quickly stop seizures, search for underlying etiology and improve prognosis.
引文
[1] Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy. Commission on epidemiology and prognosis, International league against epilepsy[J].Epilepsia, 1993, 34(4):592-596.
[2] WU YW, SHEK DW, GARCIA PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California[J]. Neurology, 2002, 58(7):1070-1076.
[3] DELORENZO RJ, HAUSER WA, TOWNE AR, et al. A prospective,population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia[J]. Neurology, 1996, 46(4):1029-1035.
[4] DHAM BS, HUNTER K, RINCON F. The epidemiology of status epilepticus in the United States[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2014, 20(3):476-483.
[5] ZHAO ZY, WANG HY, WEN B, et al. A Comparison of Midazolam,Lorazepam, and Diazepam for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children:A Network Meta-analysis[J]. J Child Neurol, 2016, 31(9):1093-1107.
[6] TRINKA E, KALVIAINEN R. 25 years of advances in the definition,classification and treatment of status epilepticus[J]. Seizure, 2017,44:65-73.
[7] HIRSCH LJ, GASPARD N. Status epilepticus[J]. Continuum(Minneap Minn), 2013, 19(3 Epilepsy):767-794.
[8] NG YT, MAGANTI R. Status epilepticus in childhood[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2013, 49(6):432-437.
[9]姜玉武.儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态——难题与决策[J].医学与哲学, 2010, 31(16):5-9.
[10] SAZ EU, KARAPINAR B, OZCETIN M, et al. Convulsive status epilepticus in children:etiology, treatment protocol and outcome[J].Seizure, 2011, 20(2):115-118.
[11] LINGAPPA L, KONANKI R, PATEL R, et al. Clinical profile and outcome of refractory convulsive status epilepticus in older children from a developing country[J]. Seizure, 2016, 36:31-35.
[12] DATAR S. New Developments in Refractory Status Epilepticus[J].Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2018, 29(2):273-279.
[13] ALVAREZ V, LEE JW, WESTOVER MB, et al. Therapeutic coma for status epilepticus:Differing practices in a prospective multicenter study[J]. Neurology, 2016, 87(16):1650-1659.
[14] NELIGAN A, SHORVON SD. The history of status epilepticus and its treatment[J]. Epilepsia, 2009, 50 Suppl 3:56-68.
[15]梁锦平.癫(癎)持续状态的发展历程与分类进展[J].实用儿科临床杂志, 2010, 25(24):1891-1894.
[16] CHEN JW, WASTERLAIN CG. Status epilepticus:pathophysiology and management in adults[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2006, 5(3):246-256.
[17] BROPHY GM, BELL R, CLAASSEN J, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care,2012, 17(1):3-23.
[18] LOWENSTEIN DH, BLECK T, Macdonald RL. It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 1999, 40(1):120-122.
[19] TRINKA E, COCK H, HESDORFFER D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus--Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(10):1515-1523.
[20]赵骋.儿童癫痫持续状态的研究进展[J].国际儿科学杂志, 2017, 44(8):527-530.
[21] FALCO-WALTER JJ, BLECK T. Treatment of Established Status Epilepticus[J]. J Clin Med, 2016, 5(5):E49.
[22] SHORVON S. Super-refractory status epilepticus:an approach to therapy in this difficult clinical situation[J]. Epilepsia, 2011, 52 Suppl 8:53-56.
[23] KILBRIDE RD, REYNOLDS AS, SZAFLARSKI JP, et al. Clinical outcomes following prolonged refractory status epilepticus(PRSE)[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2013, 18(3):374-385.
[24] SUTTER R, MARSCH S, FUHR P, et al. Mortality and recovery from refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit:a 7-year observational study[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(3):502-511.
[25] SEINFELD S, GOODKIN HP, SHINNAR S. Status Epilepticus[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2016, 6(3):a022830.
[26]束晓梅.儿童癫痫持续状态的病因学[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2017, 32(12):886-888.
[27] FREILICH ER, SCHREIBER JM, ZELLEKE T, et al. Pediatric status epilepticus:identification and evaluation[J]. Curr Opin Pediatr,2014, 26(6):655-661.
[28] SASIDARAN K, SINGHI S, SINGHI P. Management of acute seizure and status epilepticus in pediatric emergency[J]. Indian J Pediatr, 2012, 79(4):510-517.
[29] TAN RY, NELIGAN A, SHORVON SD. The uncommon causes of status epilepticus:a systematic review[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2010, 91(2-3):111-122.
[30] TRINKA E, HOFLER J, LEITINGER M, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Status Epilepticus[J]. Drugs, 2015, 75(13):1499-1521.
[31] MCTAGUE A, MARTLAND T, APPLETON R. Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 1:CD001905.
[32] LAWTON B, DAVIS T, GOLDSTEIN H, et al. An update in the initial management of paediatric status epilepticus[J]. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2018, 30(3):359-363.
[33] MENON R, RADHAKRISHNAN A, RADHAKRISHNAN K. Status epilepticus[J]. J Assoc Physicians India, 2013, 61(8 Suppl):58-63.
[34] ABEND NS, LODDENKEMPER T. Management of pediatric status epilepticus[J]. Curr Treat Options Neurol, 2014, 16(7):301.
[35] GALL CR, JUMMA O, MOHANRAJ R. Five cases of new onset refractory status epilepticus(NORSE)syndrome:outcomes with early immunotherapy[J]. Seizure, 2013, 22(3):217-220.
[36] FERLISI M, SHORVON S. The outcome of therapies in refractory and super-refractory convulsive status epilepticus and recommendations for therapy[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 8):2314-2328.
[37] CARABALLO RH, FLESLER S, ARMENO M, et al. Ketogenic diet in pediatric patients with refractory focal status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2014, 108(10):1912-1916.
[38] APPAVU B, VANATTA L, CONDIE J, et al. Ketogenic diet treatment for pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus[J]. Seizure, 2016, 41:62-65.
[39] COBO NH, SANKAR R, MURATA KK, et al. The ketogenic diet as broad-spectrum treatment for super-refractory pediatric status epilepticus:challenges in implementation in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units[J]. J Child Neurol, 2015, 30(2):259-266.
[40] FARIAS-MOELLER R, BARTOLINI L, PASUPULETI A, et al. A practical approach to ketogenic diet in the pediatric intensive care unit for super-refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2017,26(2):267-272.
[41] FUNG EL, CHANG SK, YAM KK, et al. Ketogenic diet as a therapeutic option in super-refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Pediatr Neonatol, 2015, 56(6):429-431.
[42] CORRY JJ, DHAR R, MURPHY T, et al. Hypothermia for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2008, 9(2):189-197.
[43] MOTAMEDI GK, LESSER RP, VICINI S. Therapeutic brain hypothermia, its mechanisms of action, and its prospects as a treatment for epilepsy[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(6):959-970.
[44] LEGRIEL S, LEMIALE V, SCHENCK M, et al. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in convulsive status Epilepticus[J]. N Engl J Med,2016, 375(25):2457-2467.
[45] GUILLIAMS K, ROSEN M, BUTTRAM S, et al. Hypothermia for pediatric refractory status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(9):1586-1594.
[46] ZEILER FA, ZEILER KJ, TEITELBAUM J, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia for refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Can J Neurol Sci, 2015,42(4):221-229.
[47] BAYRLEE A, GANESHALINGAM N, KURCZEWSKI L, et al.Treatment of super-refractory Status Epilepticus[J]. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2015, 15(10):66.
[48] ZEILER FA, ZEILER KJ, TEITELBAUM J, et al. VNS for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2015, 112:100-113.
[49] DE HERDT V, WATERSCHOOT L, VONCK K, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Eur J Paediatr Neurol, 2009, 13(3):286-289.
[50] AHMED J, METRICK M, GILBERT A, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy for super refractory status epilepticus[J]. J ECT, 2018, 34(1):e5-e9.
[2] WU YW, SHEK DW, GARCIA PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California[J]. Neurology, 2002, 58(7):1070-1076.
[3] DELORENZO RJ, HAUSER WA, TOWNE AR, et al. A prospective,population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia[J]. Neurology, 1996, 46(4):1029-1035.
[4] DHAM BS, HUNTER K, RINCON F. The epidemiology of status epilepticus in the United States[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2014, 20(3):476-483.
[5] ZHAO ZY, WANG HY, WEN B, et al. A Comparison of Midazolam,Lorazepam, and Diazepam for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children:A Network Meta-analysis[J]. J Child Neurol, 2016, 31(9):1093-1107.
[6] TRINKA E, KALVIAINEN R. 25 years of advances in the definition,classification and treatment of status epilepticus[J]. Seizure, 2017,44:65-73.
[7] HIRSCH LJ, GASPARD N. Status epilepticus[J]. Continuum(Minneap Minn), 2013, 19(3 Epilepsy):767-794.
[8] NG YT, MAGANTI R. Status epilepticus in childhood[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2013, 49(6):432-437.
[9]姜玉武.儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态——难题与决策[J].医学与哲学, 2010, 31(16):5-9.
[10] SAZ EU, KARAPINAR B, OZCETIN M, et al. Convulsive status epilepticus in children:etiology, treatment protocol and outcome[J].Seizure, 2011, 20(2):115-118.
[11] LINGAPPA L, KONANKI R, PATEL R, et al. Clinical profile and outcome of refractory convulsive status epilepticus in older children from a developing country[J]. Seizure, 2016, 36:31-35.
[12] DATAR S. New Developments in Refractory Status Epilepticus[J].Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2018, 29(2):273-279.
[13] ALVAREZ V, LEE JW, WESTOVER MB, et al. Therapeutic coma for status epilepticus:Differing practices in a prospective multicenter study[J]. Neurology, 2016, 87(16):1650-1659.
[14] NELIGAN A, SHORVON SD. The history of status epilepticus and its treatment[J]. Epilepsia, 2009, 50 Suppl 3:56-68.
[15]梁锦平.癫(癎)持续状态的发展历程与分类进展[J].实用儿科临床杂志, 2010, 25(24):1891-1894.
[16] CHEN JW, WASTERLAIN CG. Status epilepticus:pathophysiology and management in adults[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2006, 5(3):246-256.
[17] BROPHY GM, BELL R, CLAASSEN J, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care,2012, 17(1):3-23.
[18] LOWENSTEIN DH, BLECK T, Macdonald RL. It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 1999, 40(1):120-122.
[19] TRINKA E, COCK H, HESDORFFER D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus--Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(10):1515-1523.
[20]赵骋.儿童癫痫持续状态的研究进展[J].国际儿科学杂志, 2017, 44(8):527-530.
[21] FALCO-WALTER JJ, BLECK T. Treatment of Established Status Epilepticus[J]. J Clin Med, 2016, 5(5):E49.
[22] SHORVON S. Super-refractory status epilepticus:an approach to therapy in this difficult clinical situation[J]. Epilepsia, 2011, 52 Suppl 8:53-56.
[23] KILBRIDE RD, REYNOLDS AS, SZAFLARSKI JP, et al. Clinical outcomes following prolonged refractory status epilepticus(PRSE)[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2013, 18(3):374-385.
[24] SUTTER R, MARSCH S, FUHR P, et al. Mortality and recovery from refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit:a 7-year observational study[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(3):502-511.
[25] SEINFELD S, GOODKIN HP, SHINNAR S. Status Epilepticus[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2016, 6(3):a022830.
[26]束晓梅.儿童癫痫持续状态的病因学[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2017, 32(12):886-888.
[27] FREILICH ER, SCHREIBER JM, ZELLEKE T, et al. Pediatric status epilepticus:identification and evaluation[J]. Curr Opin Pediatr,2014, 26(6):655-661.
[28] SASIDARAN K, SINGHI S, SINGHI P. Management of acute seizure and status epilepticus in pediatric emergency[J]. Indian J Pediatr, 2012, 79(4):510-517.
[29] TAN RY, NELIGAN A, SHORVON SD. The uncommon causes of status epilepticus:a systematic review[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2010, 91(2-3):111-122.
[30] TRINKA E, HOFLER J, LEITINGER M, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Status Epilepticus[J]. Drugs, 2015, 75(13):1499-1521.
[31] MCTAGUE A, MARTLAND T, APPLETON R. Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 1:CD001905.
[32] LAWTON B, DAVIS T, GOLDSTEIN H, et al. An update in the initial management of paediatric status epilepticus[J]. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2018, 30(3):359-363.
[33] MENON R, RADHAKRISHNAN A, RADHAKRISHNAN K. Status epilepticus[J]. J Assoc Physicians India, 2013, 61(8 Suppl):58-63.
[34] ABEND NS, LODDENKEMPER T. Management of pediatric status epilepticus[J]. Curr Treat Options Neurol, 2014, 16(7):301.
[35] GALL CR, JUMMA O, MOHANRAJ R. Five cases of new onset refractory status epilepticus(NORSE)syndrome:outcomes with early immunotherapy[J]. Seizure, 2013, 22(3):217-220.
[36] FERLISI M, SHORVON S. The outcome of therapies in refractory and super-refractory convulsive status epilepticus and recommendations for therapy[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 8):2314-2328.
[37] CARABALLO RH, FLESLER S, ARMENO M, et al. Ketogenic diet in pediatric patients with refractory focal status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2014, 108(10):1912-1916.
[38] APPAVU B, VANATTA L, CONDIE J, et al. Ketogenic diet treatment for pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus[J]. Seizure, 2016, 41:62-65.
[39] COBO NH, SANKAR R, MURATA KK, et al. The ketogenic diet as broad-spectrum treatment for super-refractory pediatric status epilepticus:challenges in implementation in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units[J]. J Child Neurol, 2015, 30(2):259-266.
[40] FARIAS-MOELLER R, BARTOLINI L, PASUPULETI A, et al. A practical approach to ketogenic diet in the pediatric intensive care unit for super-refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2017,26(2):267-272.
[41] FUNG EL, CHANG SK, YAM KK, et al. Ketogenic diet as a therapeutic option in super-refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Pediatr Neonatol, 2015, 56(6):429-431.
[42] CORRY JJ, DHAR R, MURPHY T, et al. Hypothermia for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2008, 9(2):189-197.
[43] MOTAMEDI GK, LESSER RP, VICINI S. Therapeutic brain hypothermia, its mechanisms of action, and its prospects as a treatment for epilepsy[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(6):959-970.
[44] LEGRIEL S, LEMIALE V, SCHENCK M, et al. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in convulsive status Epilepticus[J]. N Engl J Med,2016, 375(25):2457-2467.
[45] GUILLIAMS K, ROSEN M, BUTTRAM S, et al. Hypothermia for pediatric refractory status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(9):1586-1594.
[46] ZEILER FA, ZEILER KJ, TEITELBAUM J, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia for refractory status Epilepticus[J]. Can J Neurol Sci, 2015,42(4):221-229.
[47] BAYRLEE A, GANESHALINGAM N, KURCZEWSKI L, et al.Treatment of super-refractory Status Epilepticus[J]. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2015, 15(10):66.
[48] ZEILER FA, ZEILER KJ, TEITELBAUM J, et al. VNS for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2015, 112:100-113.
[49] DE HERDT V, WATERSCHOOT L, VONCK K, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus[J]. Eur J Paediatr Neurol, 2009, 13(3):286-289.
[50] AHMED J, METRICK M, GILBERT A, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy for super refractory status epilepticus[J]. J ECT, 2018, 34(1):e5-e9.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |