黑龙江省泰湖湿地公园春季鸟类多样性初步研究
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摘要
泰湖国家湿地公园位于黑龙江省泰来县境内。为掌握泰湖湿地公园鸟类资源现状,于2015年3~5月采用样点法对湿地公园春季鸟类多样性进行了调查。共记录鸟类12目27科72种63 344只。以夏候鸟为主,占鸟类种数的69.44%,旅鸟占19.44%,留鸟占11.11%;从区系类型来看,均为古北种和广布种,分别占56.94%和43.06%。水鸟占绝对优势,共记录到水鸟48种59 636只,分别为统计鸟类种类和数量的66.67%和94.15%。记录到国家级重点保护鸟类4种,黑龙江省地方重点保护鸟类17只,列入IUCN濒危鸟类红皮书9种,列入CITES附录10种。泰湖湿地公园春季鸟群落的多样性指数为2.548 7,均匀性指数为0.596 0,优势度指数为0.140 6。从栖息类型看,多样性指数草甸(2.761 3)>沼泽(2.497 6)>水域(1.990 6)>林地(0.670 2);均匀性指数为草甸(0.764 7)>沼泽(0.681 7)>水域(0.591 2)>林地(0.269 7)。优势度指数为林地(0.269 7)>水域(0.210 7)>沼泽(0.127 7)>草甸(0.090 7)。鉴于泰湖湿地鸟类多样性现状和对维持当地生态平衡的重要性,建议加强对该地区鸟类的保护工作。
Taihu National Wetland Park is located in Tailai County,Heilongjiang Province. We surveyed bird diversity in the park by fixed radius sample point counting methods from March to May2015. We recorded 63 344 birds of 72 species,27 families,and 12 orders. Sixty-nine percent of the 72 species were summer birds,and others were residents and visitors. Forty-one species were representatives of the Palearctic Realm,accounting for 57% and the other 31 species werewidespread,accounting for 43%. The waterbird count totaled 59 636 birds of 48 species, accounting for 67% of total species and 94% of total birds. Four species are in the List of China Important Protection Birds,17 species are listed in the List of Heilongjiang Important Protection Birds,9 species are listed in the Red Book of IUCN,and 10 species in CITES. Diversity was 2. 548 7,evenness was 0. 596 0,and species dominance was 0. 140 6. Diversity and homogeneity varied by habitat. Diversity by habitat in descending order was grassland( 2. 761 3),wetland( 2. 497 6),water( 1. 990 6),and forest( 0. 670 2). Evenness in descending order by habitat was grassland( 0. 764 7),wetland( 0. 681 7),water( 0. 591 2),and forest( 0. 269 7). Dominance by habitat in descending order was forest( 0. 269 7),water( 0. 210 7),wetland( 0. 127 7),and grassland( 0. 090 7). Considering avian biodiversity and its importance to the ecosystem at Taihu Nation Wetland Park,more attention should be paid to wild animal protection in this area.
Taihu National Wetland Park is located in Tailai County,Heilongjiang Province. We surveyed bird diversity in the park by fixed radius sample point counting methods from March to May2015. We recorded 63 344 birds of 72 species,27 families,and 12 orders. Sixty-nine percent of the 72 species were summer birds,and others were residents and visitors. Forty-one species were representatives of the Palearctic Realm,accounting for 57% and the other 31 species werewidespread,accounting for 43%. The waterbird count totaled 59 636 birds of 48 species, accounting for 67% of total species and 94% of total birds. Four species are in the List of China Important Protection Birds,17 species are listed in the List of Heilongjiang Important Protection Birds,9 species are listed in the Red Book of IUCN,and 10 species in CITES. Diversity was 2. 548 7,evenness was 0. 596 0,and species dominance was 0. 140 6. Diversity and homogeneity varied by habitat. Diversity by habitat in descending order was grassland( 2. 761 3),wetland( 2. 497 6),water( 1. 990 6),and forest( 0. 670 2). Evenness in descending order by habitat was grassland( 0. 764 7),wetland( 0. 681 7),water( 0. 591 2),and forest( 0. 269 7). Dominance by habitat in descending order was forest( 0. 269 7),water( 0. 210 7),wetland( 0. 127 7),and grassland( 0. 090 7). Considering avian biodiversity and its importance to the ecosystem at Taihu Nation Wetland Park,more attention should be paid to wild animal protection in this area.
引文
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[3]郭立新,王令刚,李宇,等.黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园夏季鸟类多样性研究[J].野生动物,2013,34(6):331-334.
[4]杨岚.鸟类物种的多样性及其保护管理[J].云南科技管理,2005,18(5):31-33.
[5]刘化金,王璐.黑龙江兴凯湖自然保护区不同季节鸟类多样性比较研究[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(3):221-227.
[6]Fidler I J,Hart I R.Biological diversity in metastatic neoplasms:origins and implications[J].Science,1982,217(4564):998-1003.
[7]Magurran A E.Measuring biological diversity[M].Canada:John Wiley&Sons,2013.
[8]刘斌.生物多样性研究现状[J].甘肃林业,2016(4):30-31.
[9]颜重威.中国野鸟图鉴[M].台北:翠鸟出版社,1999.
[10]常家传,桂千惠子,刘伯文,等.东北鸟类图鉴[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995.
[11]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[12]李巧.生物多样性研究中的分类充分性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2015,30(4):629-633.
[13]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994:141-165.
[14]张明海,萧前柱,高中信.多样性指数公式在鸟类群落中应用的探讨[J].生态学杂志,1990,9(5):50-55.
[15]马克平.生物多样性科学研究进展[J].科学通报,2014,59(6):429.
[16]楚国忠,郑光美.鸟类栖息地研究的取样调查方法[J].动物学杂志,1993,28(6):47-52.
[17]杨维康,钟文勤,高行宜.鸟类栖息地选择研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):71-78.