水肥一体化技术对茶树栽培的影响
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摘要
我国茶园面积占世界茶园的60%,茶叶产区主要集中在经济欠发达的山区,茶产业发展对该区域经济起着重要作用。水肥一体化技术是灌溉与施肥融为一体的农业新技术,在茶园建设和茶叶种植上的应用尚属起步阶段。该技术能从科学水肥管理与降低劳动成本等方面解决茶叶种植的问题。本文在检索相关文献的基础上,简述了水肥一体化的概念,综述了国内外水肥一体化技术发展现状以及研究进展,讨论了当前茶园水肥管理方面存在的主要问题,分析了水肥一体化技术的优势以及在茶园建设中的前景,旨在为该技术在茶产业中的应用提供参考。
China accounts for 60% of the world's tea plantations. The tea producing areas are mainly concentrated in the economically underdeveloped mountainous areas. The development of the tea industry plays an important role in the regional economy. Fertigation is a new agricultural technology integrating irrigation and fertilization. The application in tea garden construction and tea planting is still in its infancy. This technology can solve the problem of tea planting from the aspects of scientific water and fertilizer management and reducing labor costs. Based on the retrieval of relevant literature,this paper briefly introduces the concept of fertigation,reviews the development status and research of fertigation at home and abroad,discusses the current major problems of fertigation management in tea gardens,and analyzes the advantages of fertigation and the prospects in tea garden construction. The significance lies in providing reference for the application of this technology in the tea industry.
China accounts for 60% of the world's tea plantations. The tea producing areas are mainly concentrated in the economically underdeveloped mountainous areas. The development of the tea industry plays an important role in the regional economy. Fertigation is a new agricultural technology integrating irrigation and fertilization. The application in tea garden construction and tea planting is still in its infancy. This technology can solve the problem of tea planting from the aspects of scientific water and fertilizer management and reducing labor costs. Based on the retrieval of relevant literature,this paper briefly introduces the concept of fertigation,reviews the development status and research of fertigation at home and abroad,discusses the current major problems of fertigation management in tea gardens,and analyzes the advantages of fertigation and the prospects in tea garden construction. The significance lies in providing reference for the application of this technology in the tea industry.
引文
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[2] Zhang G X, Wang J, Wang X, et al. Application and development prospects of water and fertilizer integration technology in tea gardens[J]. South China Agriculture,2018, 12(24):50-51.张光旭,王捷,王宪,等.茶园水肥一体化技术应用及发展前景探析[J].南方农业, 2018, 12(24):50-51.
[3] Xu J, Gao C J. Practical technology of water and fertil-izer integration[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014.徐坚,高春娟.水肥一体化实用技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2014.
[4] Zhang L F, Ma W J, Ma D X, et al. Application status and development prospect of water and fertilizer integra-tion technology[J]. Agriculture Network Information,2016(8):62-64.张凌飞,马文杰,马德新,等.水肥一体化技术的应用现状与发展前景[J].农业网络信息, 2016(8):62-64.
[5] Naira A, Sharma M K, Bhat M Y. Micro-irrigation and fertigation in fruit trees-a review[J]. Environment and Ecology, 2012, 30(4):1252-1257.
[6] Sneh M. History of fertigation in Israel[J]. Internation-al Water&Irrigation Review, 1995, 15(3):17-20.
[7] Wang W. Water and fertilizer integrated application technology points[J]. Southern Agricultural Machin-ery, 2013, 44(3):42.王武.水肥一体化施用技术要点[J].南方农机,2013, 44(3):42.
[8] Zhang L. The research of intelligent control device in farmland irrigation integration[D]. Zibo:Shandong Uni-versity of Technology, 2013.张亮.农田灌溉一体化智能控制装置的研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学, 2013.
[9] Li Z H, Ma J Y, Gao L S. The ways and key technolo-gies of future agronomic water saving in Hebei Province[J]. Actanorth China Agricultural University, 2003, 18(z1):17-19.李志宏,马俊永,高林森.河北省未来农艺节水的途径与关键技术[J].华北农学报, 2003, 18(z1):17-19.
[10] Zhang D P. Effects of different drip fertigation schemes on apple growth and15N absorption, distribution and uti-lization[D]. Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.张大鹏.不同滴灌施肥方案对苹果生长及15N吸收、分配和利用的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2012.
[11] Jamil Mohammad M, Zuraiqi S. Enhancement of yield and nitrogen and water use efficiencies by nitrogen drip-fertigation of garlic[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2002, 26(9):1749-1766.
[12] Feng G. Effects of different water and fertilizer treat-ments on growth and development of pear trees and soil environment[D]. Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural Uni-versity, 2017.丰光.不同水肥模式对梨树生长发育及土壤的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2017.
[13] Yao Z X, Wang S J. The drip irrigation development progress and suggestion of China[J]. Agricultural Engi-neering, 2011, 1(2):54-58.姚振宪,王三建.我国滴灌发展历程及建议[J].农业工程, 2011, 1(2):54-58.
[14] Zhang C L, Deng L S. Water and fertilizer integration technology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2012.张承林,邓兰生.水肥一体化技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2012.
[15] Lin L X. PLC-based automatic water and fertilizer inte-gration system[J]. Techniques of Automation&Appli-cations, 2017, 36(6):73-77.林力鑫.基于PLC的全自动水肥一体化系统[J].自动化技术与应用, 2017, 36(6):73-77.
[16] Zhang Y L. Design of monitoring and control system of drip irrigation in greenhouse based on android[D]. Yan-gling:Northwest A&F University, 2016张云龙.基于Android平台的温室滴灌监控系统的研发[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[17] Chen G H. Research of the intelligent irrigation and fer-tilization system and its effect on the yield and quality of eggplant[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural Universi-ty, 2013.陈国徽.智能灌溉施肥系统及其对茄子产量和品质的影响研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学, 2013.
[18] Leng Y, Xiao Q, Zong Q B, et al. Construction and promotion of green tea production model[J]. China Ag-ricultural Technology Extension, 2015, 31(11):6-9.冷杨,肖强,宗庆波,等.茶叶绿色生产模式的构建与推广[J].中国农技推广, 2015, 31(11):6-9.
[19] Wang H, Gong S Y, Chen M L. Research progress in application of organic fertilizer in tea garden[J]. Tea In-dustry Bulletin, 2012, 34(1):23-26.王辉,龚淑英,陈美丽.茶园施用有机肥研究进展[J].茶业通报, 2012, 34(1):23-26.
[20] Ju Y. Approach of the transformation and upgrading tea industry in Shaanxi Province[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2017.巨瑶.陕西省茶产业转型升级途径探索[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[21] Zhang Y. Effects of different fertilization structures on tea yield and quality and soil nutrients in tea gardens[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2012.张瑜.不同施肥结构对茶叶产量品质和茶园土壤养分的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2012.
[22] Wu Y F. Development status and countermeasures of tea industry in Wuping County[J]. Taiwan Agricultural Exploration, 2014(5):65-68.吴郁芳.武平县茶产业发展现状及对策分析[J].台湾农业探索, 2014(5):65-68.
[23] Wu C H, Qu H X. Problems and countermeasures in the development of Jiangxi tea industry[J]. Journal of Rural Economy and Science-Technology, 2017, 28(23):152-153.吴昌华,瞿华香.江西茶产业发展存在的问题及对策[J].农村经济与科技, 2017, 28(23):152-153.
[24] Lai J H. Countermeasures of developing tea industry in Nan’an City of Fujian Province[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Ag-riculture and Forestry University, 2012.赖江花.福建省南安市茶产业发展及对策分析[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2012.
[25] Ma L F, Chen H J, Shan Y J, et al. Status and sugges-tions of tea garden fertilization on main green tea-produc-ing counties in Zhejiang Province[J]. Tea Science,2013, 33(1):74-84.马立锋,陈红金,单英杰,等.浙江省绿茶主产区茶园施肥现状及建议[J].茶叶科学, 2013, 33(1):74-84.
[26] Yang Y R, Luo X F. The impact of reduction and re-placement policy on famers’willingness to adopt the or-ganic fertilizer substitution technology mode:an empiri-cal analysis based on thesurvey data of tea growers in Hubei[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2018(10):77-85.杨钰蓉,罗小锋.减量替代政策对农户有机肥替代技术模式采纳的影响:基于湖北省茶叶种植户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济, 2018(10):77-85.
[27] Tao X H. Correct understanding of several problems in fertilization management during tea garden conversion[J]. China Tea, 2017, 39(5):32-33.陶湘辉.正确认识茶园转化期间施肥管理的几个问题[J].中国茶叶, 2017, 39(5):32-33.
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