多穗柯炭疽病病原鉴定及其不同杀菌剂的室内毒力测定
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摘要
【目的】分离鉴定多穗柯炭疽病病原,并筛选出最佳防治药剂,为多穗柯炭疽病的识别和防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用组织块分离法分离多穗柯炭疽病病原菌,通过柯赫氏法则确定致病菌,结合形态学和分子生物学对多穗柯炭疽病病原菌进行鉴定;采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种不同杀菌剂对多穗柯炭疽病菌的室内毒力,根据供试杀菌剂的半数有效浓度(EC50)筛选出最佳的防治药剂。【结果】引起多穗柯炭疽病的病原为暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense);不同杀菌剂对多穗柯炭疽病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果存在一定差异,其中98.4%多菌灵的抑菌效果最强,所有供试浓度对多穗柯炭疽病菌的抑制率均为100.00%;其次是97%吡唑醚菌酯和98%福美双,EC50分别为0.04和0.05mg/mL。【结论】多穗柯为暹罗炭疽菌的新寄主。98.4%多菌灵、97%吡唑醚菌酯和98%福美双可作为防治多穗柯炭疽病的化学杀菌剂。
【Objective】The purpose of the study was to isolate and determine the pathogen of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. anthracnose,and to screen appropriate fungicides against it,and provide reference for identification and control of L. polystachyus anthracnose.【Method】Tissue block separation method was used for the isolation of the pathogen of L.polystachyus anthracnose. Koch's rule was used for the confirmation of the pathogen. The pathogen was further identified by morphological and molecular biology methods. The indoor toxicity tests of eight fungicides on pathogen of L. polystachyus anthracnose were determined by mycelium growth rate method. The optimal control fungicides were selected based on median effective concentration(EC50)of the fungicides.【Result】L. polystachyus anthracnose was caused by Colletotrichum siamense,and different fungicides displayed different inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of C. siamense.98.4% carbendazim showed the best inhibitory activities,and the inhibition rate were 100.00% against C. siamense in all the test concentrations. 97% pyraclostrobin and 98% thiram also performed inhibitory activities,and the EC50 values were0.04 and 0.05 mg/mL respectively.【Conclusion】L. polystachyus is a new host for C. siamense. 98.4% carbendazim,97%pyraclostrobin and 98% thiram can be used as fungicides against C. siamense.
【Objective】The purpose of the study was to isolate and determine the pathogen of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. anthracnose,and to screen appropriate fungicides against it,and provide reference for identification and control of L. polystachyus anthracnose.【Method】Tissue block separation method was used for the isolation of the pathogen of L.polystachyus anthracnose. Koch's rule was used for the confirmation of the pathogen. The pathogen was further identified by morphological and molecular biology methods. The indoor toxicity tests of eight fungicides on pathogen of L. polystachyus anthracnose were determined by mycelium growth rate method. The optimal control fungicides were selected based on median effective concentration(EC50)of the fungicides.【Result】L. polystachyus anthracnose was caused by Colletotrichum siamense,and different fungicides displayed different inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of C. siamense.98.4% carbendazim showed the best inhibitory activities,and the inhibition rate were 100.00% against C. siamense in all the test concentrations. 97% pyraclostrobin and 98% thiram also performed inhibitory activities,and the EC50 values were0.04 and 0.05 mg/mL respectively.【Conclusion】L. polystachyus is a new host for C. siamense. 98.4% carbendazim,97%pyraclostrobin and 98% thiram can be used as fungicides against C. siamense.
引文
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贺君,任小慧,王帅杰,杨红侠,邢丽飞,李飞.2016.农药多菌灵的迁移转化规律研究[J].河南农业科学,45(10):80-84.[He J,Ren X H,Wang S J,Yang H X,Xing L F,Li F.2016.Research on migration and transformation rule of carbendazim[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,45(10):80-84.]
蒋仕强,李杨,周国英,刘君昂,万智,蒋越西,李河.2016.海南4个地区暹罗炭疽菌群体遗传结构分析[J].热带作物学报,37(11):2204-2209.[Jiang S Q,Li Y,Zhou G Y,Liu J A,Wan Z,Jiang Y X,Li H.2016.Population genetic structure of Colletotrichum siamense from four sites in Hainan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,37(11):2204-2209.]
蓝金宣,黄晓露,李开祥,李宝财,陈金艳,王坤,梁文汇.2018.光质与光周期对多穗柯幼苗生长及光合参数的影响[J].广西林业科学,47(1):24-28.[Lan J X,Huang X L,Li K X,Li B C,Chen J Y,Wang K,Liang W H.2018.Effect of different light qualities and photoperiods on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lithocarpus polystachyus seedling[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,47(1):24-28.]
陆家云.2001.植物病原真菌学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Lu J Y.2001.Plant Pathogenic Fungi[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
罗文姬,王艺锦,陈依,王凌晖,滕维超.2017.镉胁迫下多穗柯幼苗的生长及生理响应[J].热带作物学报,38(8):1446-1450.[Luo W J,Wang Y J,Chen Y,Wang L H,Teng W C.2017.Responses of growth andphysiology of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd seedlings under cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,38(8):1446-1450.]
马珂.2016.茄子褐纹病防治药剂室内毒力测定[J].农业灾害研究,6(10):3-4.[Ma K.2016.Toxicity measurement of fungicides against Phomopsis vexans of eggplant[J].Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology,6(10):3-4.]
任子蓓,元文革,谷建才,厉月桥,郭鑫,杨石浪,何平.2018.不同建群种下多穗柯作为伴生树种的适应性分析[J].林业与生态科学,33(3):290-299.[Ren Z B,Yuan W G,Gu J C,Li Y Q,Guo X,Yang S L,He P.2018.The adaptability analysis of Lithocarpus polystachyus associated species under different constructive species[J].Forestry and Ecological Sciences,33(3):290-299.]
单体江,宋慧云,段志豪,王裕阳,王军,毛子翎.2019.短萼仪花炭疽病病原鉴定及其药剂筛选[J].中国植保导刊,39(2):5-11.[Shan T J,Song H Y,Duan Z H,Wang Y Y,Wang J,Mao Z L.2019.Pathogen identification of anthracnose of Lysidice brevicalyx Wei and fungicides screening[J].China Plant Protection,39(2):5-11.]
宋慧云,段志豪,张伟豪,毛子翎,王军,单体江.2018.宫粉羊蹄甲炭疽病病原鉴定及其药剂筛选[J].南方农业学报,49(10):1975-1981.[Song H Y,Duan Z H,Zhang W H,Mao Z L,Wang J,Shan T J.2018.Pathogen identification and fungicides screening of Bauhinia variegate Linn.anthracnose[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,49(10):1975-1981.]
王慧莹.2014.多穗柯根皮苷的提取纯化[D].长沙:中南大学.[Wang H Y.2014.Study on extraction and purification of phlorizin in Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.[D].Changsha:Central South University.]
魏景超.1979.真菌鉴定手册[K].上海:上海科学技术出版社.[Wei J C.1979.Fungal Identification Manual[K].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press.]
席中刚,游景茂,郑露,刘浩,黄俊斌.2018.湖北省黄连叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性[J].植物保护学报,45(2):315-321.[Xi Z G,You J M,Zheng L,Liu H,Huang J B.2018.Identification and biological characteristics of the pathogen causing leaf spot on Coptis chinensis in Hubei Province[J].Journal of Plant Protection,45(2):315-321.]
杨普云,李萍,王战鄂,张善学,刘文欣.2013.植物免疫诱抗剂氨基寡糖素的应用效果与前景分析[J].中国植保导刊,33(3):20-21.[Yang P Y,Li P,Wang Z E,Zhang S X,Liu W X.2013.Application effect and prospect analysis of amino-oligosaccharides as a plant immune inducer[J].China Plant Protection,33(3):20-21.]
杨友联,刘永翔,刘作易.2014.水果采后炭疽病病原鉴定[J].西南农业学报,27(3):1114-1123.[Yang Y L,Liu Y X,Liu Z Y.2014.Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose disease of postharvest fruits[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,27(3):1114-1123.]
尹峰,龙月红,冯若宣,林丽梅,黄剑,邢朝斌.2017.多穗柯黄酮3-羟化酶基因的克隆与序列分析[J].中草药,48(24):5085-5089.[Yin F,Long Y H,Feng R X,Lin L M,Huang J,Xing C B.2017.Cloning of flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene from Lithocarpus polystachyus and its sequence analysis[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,48(24):5085-5089.]
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