美国民事审前会议制度的嬗变与启示——兼论我国庭前会议制度的完善
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摘要
美国审前会议制度通过细化审前会议程序技术规则、强化审前会议命令的法律效力、严格法官的案件管理职责与当事人的诉讼促进义务,在审前程序中完成主张和争点的提出与整理,实现了及早建立案件管理方案、加速诉讼处理、提高开庭审理的质量和促进案件和解的目标。借鉴美国审前会议制度的有益经验,从审前准备程序的实质化理念角度,我国民事庭前会议制度的完善应当坚持庭前会议制度案件管理、证据交换与争点归纳、促进调解功能的多元定位,增加庭前会议案件日程安排审议事项,合理配置法官与当事人在庭前会议中的权利义务关系,从庭前会议主持者、启动方式、适用案件范围等方面细化庭前会议具体程序规则并强化庭前会议法律效力。
The establishment of American pretrial conference promotes the litigation progress and centralizes the trial and facilitates settlement through elaborating procedural rules, strengthening legal authority and strictly clearing the case management duty on Judge and litigation promoting obligation of parties. As far as our country is concerned, it provides profitable reference and experience about civil pretrial conference. The objects of Chinese civil pretrial conference should include the case management and evidence exchange, collating disputable points and pretrial mediation. In order to perfect the civil pretrial conference, it should reasonably arrange the relationship of judge and parties, clear the holder of conference,standardize procedures for the operation of pretrial conference,and clarify the legal authority of the pretrial conference.
The establishment of American pretrial conference promotes the litigation progress and centralizes the trial and facilitates settlement through elaborating procedural rules, strengthening legal authority and strictly clearing the case management duty on Judge and litigation promoting obligation of parties. As far as our country is concerned, it provides profitable reference and experience about civil pretrial conference. The objects of Chinese civil pretrial conference should include the case management and evidence exchange, collating disputable points and pretrial mediation. In order to perfect the civil pretrial conference, it should reasonably arrange the relationship of judge and parties, clear the holder of conference,standardize procedures for the operation of pretrial conference,and clarify the legal authority of the pretrial conference.
引文
[1] ENGELMANN A. Pretrial Procedure-France and Germany[J],Vol. VII, Cont. Legal History Series,1927.83-85.
[2] PARNESS A J,WALKER R M,Thinking Outside the Civil Case Box:Reformulating Pretrial Conference Laws[J],Kansas Law Review, 2001(VOL50):347.
[3]杰克·弗兰德泰尔.民事诉讼法[M].夏登峻,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003:490.
[4] Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules—1983Amendment[EB/OL].[2018-07-17].https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_16.
[5]理查德·弗里尔.美国民事诉讼法[M].张利民,等译.北京:商务印书馆,2013:497.
[6] MURRAH P A.Pre-Trial Procedure:A Statement of Its Essentials[J], F.R.D.1976(VOL14):417.
[2] PARNESS A J,WALKER R M,Thinking Outside the Civil Case Box:Reformulating Pretrial Conference Laws[J],Kansas Law Review, 2001(VOL50):347.
[3]杰克·弗兰德泰尔.民事诉讼法[M].夏登峻,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003:490.
[4] Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules—1983Amendment[EB/OL].[2018-07-17].https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_16.
[5]理查德·弗里尔.美国民事诉讼法[M].张利民,等译.北京:商务印书馆,2013:497.
[6] MURRAH P A.Pre-Trial Procedure:A Statement of Its Essentials[J], F.R.D.1976(VOL14):417.