西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及其安全性评价
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摘要
本研究探讨了温室和田间试验条件下西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果以及西兰花残体对棉花生长的安全性,以期为深入研究西兰花植株残体对棉花黄萎病的生态防治机制提供依据。将粉碎的西兰花植株残体与培养基质分别按1%、3%、5%、7%和14%处理混匀,在(28±2)℃条件下分别腐解7和30 d后种植棉花,测定其对棉花出苗率、株高的影响以及对黄萎病的防治效果。研究结果表明,当腐解时间为7 d,西兰花残体处理比例为1%和3%时,棉花出苗率与不添加西兰花残体的空白对照处理不存在显著差异,但对株高具有显著促生长作用,增幅分别为19.46%、42.41%和36.96%;西兰花残体添加比例为5%、7%和14%时,对出苗具有不同程度的抑制作用。当腐解时间为30 d时,上述各比例西兰花残体处理后的棉花出苗率和株高与空白对照之间差异不显著。西兰花残体处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,其21 d后的防治效果达到72.55%。田间试验表明,西兰花残体在棉花全生育期内对黄萎病的防治效果为43.06%。综合分析表明,西兰花残体的施入,促进了棉花生长,降低了黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,且在发病初期的防治效果优于后期。研究结果为深入研究西兰花残体防治棉花黄萎病的生态机制提供理论依据和技术指导,最终为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和化学农药的减量提供了新途径和思路。
Plant disease was controlled to some extent by plant residues. In order to provide basis for further study on the ecological control mechanism of broccoli residues on cotton Verticillium wilt, the safety of broccoli residues on cotton growth was discussed, and the control effect of broccoli residue on Verticillium wilt was evaluated by greenhouse and field experiments. Cotton was planted at culture medium mixed with crushed broccoli residues, 7 days and 30 days after decomposition at(28±2) ℃, respectively. The emergence rate and plant height of cotton and the control effect of Verticillium wilt were determined. Greenhouse experiment showed that the application of broccoli residues had different effects on the growth of cotton. When the proportion of broccoli residues were 1%—3% at 7 days after decomposition, there was no significant difference in emergence rate between treatments, but the plant height were promoted by 19.46%, 42.41% and 36.96%, respectively. When the proportion of broccoli residues was 5%—14%, there were significant inhibitory effects on cotton emergence. When the proportion of broccoli residue were 1%—14% at 30 days after decomposition, there was no significant difference in emergence rate in comparison to control. Meanwhile, the incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt were significantly decreased after treatment with broccoli residues. The relative control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt reached to 72.55%. Field experiments showed that the control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt was 43.06% during the whole growth period of cotton. The results could provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for further study on the ecological mechanism of broccoli residues in controlling cotton Verticillium wilt,and finally provide new ways and ideas for green control of cotton Verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.
Plant disease was controlled to some extent by plant residues. In order to provide basis for further study on the ecological control mechanism of broccoli residues on cotton Verticillium wilt, the safety of broccoli residues on cotton growth was discussed, and the control effect of broccoli residue on Verticillium wilt was evaluated by greenhouse and field experiments. Cotton was planted at culture medium mixed with crushed broccoli residues, 7 days and 30 days after decomposition at(28±2) ℃, respectively. The emergence rate and plant height of cotton and the control effect of Verticillium wilt were determined. Greenhouse experiment showed that the application of broccoli residues had different effects on the growth of cotton. When the proportion of broccoli residues were 1%—3% at 7 days after decomposition, there was no significant difference in emergence rate between treatments, but the plant height were promoted by 19.46%, 42.41% and 36.96%, respectively. When the proportion of broccoli residues was 5%—14%, there were significant inhibitory effects on cotton emergence. When the proportion of broccoli residue were 1%—14% at 30 days after decomposition, there was no significant difference in emergence rate in comparison to control. Meanwhile, the incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt were significantly decreased after treatment with broccoli residues. The relative control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt reached to 72.55%. Field experiments showed that the control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt was 43.06% during the whole growth period of cotton. The results could provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for further study on the ecological mechanism of broccoli residues in controlling cotton Verticillium wilt,and finally provide new ways and ideas for green control of cotton Verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.
引文
[1]王娜,陶伟,陈双林,等.植物内生细菌在棉花体内的定殖动态及对棉花黄萎病的生物防治效果[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(2):207-214.
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[3]Oktay E,Kemal B.Biological control of Verticillium wilt on cotton by the use of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.under field conditions[J].Biological Control,2010,53(1):39-45.
[4]Kurt S,Dervis S,Sahinler S.Sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae to prochloraz and prochloraz-manganese complex and control of Verticillium wilt of cotton in the field[J].Crop Protection,2003,22(1):51-55.
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[6]韩哲,徐丽红,刘聪,等.小麦残茬对连作西瓜生长及根际土壤微生物的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):952-960.
[7]连宾,王进军,陆玲.植物与微生物的化感作用[J].南京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(1):88-94.
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[9]Inderbitzin P,Ward J,Barbella A,et al.Soil microbiomes associated with Verticillium wilt suppressive broccoli and chitin amendments are enriched with potential biocontrol agents[J].Phytopathology,2018,108(1):31-43.
[10]李淑敏,郑成彧,张润芝,等.生物熏蒸对大棚连作茄子产量和黄萎病发病率影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(5):35-41.
[11]乔俊卿,刘邮洲,余翔,等.集成生物防治和秸秆还田技术对设施番茄增产及土传病害防控效果研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(4):547-554.
[12]张政文,孙秀娟,胡乃娟,等.麦秸掩埋还田对赤霉菌(Fusarium graminearum Sehw.)存活率和水稻带菌的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):443-448.
[13]Chawla S,Woodward J E,Wheeler T A.Influence of Verticillium dahliae infested peanut residue on wilt development in subsequent cotton[J].International Journal of Agronomy,2014,2012(12):1-5.
[14]李洪林,刘凤艳,龚振平,等.稻秆还田对水稻主要病害发生的影响[J].作物研究,2012,26(1):7-10.
[15]Ochiai N,Powelson M L,Crowe F J,et al.Green manure effects on soil quality in relation to suppression of Verticillium wilt of potatoes[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2008,44(8):1013-1023.
[16]金利容,万鹏,黄薇,等.长江流域棉花黄萎病菌的致病力多样性和遗传多样性分析[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2016(2):120-126,134.
[17]李社增,马平,刘杏忠,等.利用拮抗细菌防治棉花黄萎病[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,20(5):422-425.
[18]李巧峡,张丽娟,师晓晓,等.化感物质对莴苣种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(2):74-77.
[19]Davis J R,Huisman O C,Everson D O,et al.The suppression of Verticillium wilt of potato using corn as a green manure crop[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2010,87(2):195-208.
[20]Ikeda K,Banno S,Furusawa A,et al.Crop rotation with broccoli suppresses Verticillium wilt of eggplant[J].Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2015,81:77-82.
[21]Larkin R P,Honeycutt C W,Olanya M O.Management of Verticillium wilt of potato with disease-suppressive green manures and as affected by previous cropping history[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(5):568-576.
[2]Fradin E F,Thomma B P H J.Physiology and molecular aspects of Verticillium wilt diseases caused by V.dahliae and V.alboatrum[J].Molecular Plant Pathology,2006,7(2):71-86.
[3]Oktay E,Kemal B.Biological control of Verticillium wilt on cotton by the use of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.under field conditions[J].Biological Control,2010,53(1):39-45.
[4]Kurt S,Dervis S,Sahinler S.Sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae to prochloraz and prochloraz-manganese complex and control of Verticillium wilt of cotton in the field[J].Crop Protection,2003,22(1):51-55.
[5]Zheng Y,Xue Q Y,Xu L L,et al.A screening strategy of fungal biocontrol agents towards Verticillium wilt of cotton[J].Biological Control,2011,56(3):209-216.
[6]韩哲,徐丽红,刘聪,等.小麦残茬对连作西瓜生长及根际土壤微生物的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):952-960.
[7]连宾,王进军,陆玲.植物与微生物的化感作用[J].南京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(1):88-94.
[8]Subbarao K V,Hubbard J C,Koike S T.Evaluation of broccoli residue incorporation into field soil for Verticillium wilt control in cauliflower[J].Plant Disease,1999,83(2):124-129.
[9]Inderbitzin P,Ward J,Barbella A,et al.Soil microbiomes associated with Verticillium wilt suppressive broccoli and chitin amendments are enriched with potential biocontrol agents[J].Phytopathology,2018,108(1):31-43.
[10]李淑敏,郑成彧,张润芝,等.生物熏蒸对大棚连作茄子产量和黄萎病发病率影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(5):35-41.
[11]乔俊卿,刘邮洲,余翔,等.集成生物防治和秸秆还田技术对设施番茄增产及土传病害防控效果研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(4):547-554.
[12]张政文,孙秀娟,胡乃娟,等.麦秸掩埋还田对赤霉菌(Fusarium graminearum Sehw.)存活率和水稻带菌的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):443-448.
[13]Chawla S,Woodward J E,Wheeler T A.Influence of Verticillium dahliae infested peanut residue on wilt development in subsequent cotton[J].International Journal of Agronomy,2014,2012(12):1-5.
[14]李洪林,刘凤艳,龚振平,等.稻秆还田对水稻主要病害发生的影响[J].作物研究,2012,26(1):7-10.
[15]Ochiai N,Powelson M L,Crowe F J,et al.Green manure effects on soil quality in relation to suppression of Verticillium wilt of potatoes[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2008,44(8):1013-1023.
[16]金利容,万鹏,黄薇,等.长江流域棉花黄萎病菌的致病力多样性和遗传多样性分析[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2016(2):120-126,134.
[17]李社增,马平,刘杏忠,等.利用拮抗细菌防治棉花黄萎病[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,20(5):422-425.
[18]李巧峡,张丽娟,师晓晓,等.化感物质对莴苣种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(2):74-77.
[19]Davis J R,Huisman O C,Everson D O,et al.The suppression of Verticillium wilt of potato using corn as a green manure crop[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2010,87(2):195-208.
[20]Ikeda K,Banno S,Furusawa A,et al.Crop rotation with broccoli suppresses Verticillium wilt of eggplant[J].Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2015,81:77-82.
[21]Larkin R P,Honeycutt C W,Olanya M O.Management of Verticillium wilt of potato with disease-suppressive green manures and as affected by previous cropping history[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(5):568-576.