不同生态恢复模式对巢湖湖滨湿地土壤活性碳库及其管理指数的影响
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摘要
土壤活性有机碳组分是碳素周转的指示因子,能够及时地反映环境变化对土壤碳循环的影响。为探究生态恢复对湿地土壤活性碳库含量及分布的差异影响,选择巢湖湖滨自2003年退耕的森林湿地(人工林地恢复模式)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)滩地(自然湿地恢复模式)为研究对象,与荒草滩地(退耕湿地)相比较,分析土壤活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数变化特征,包括溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、热水溶性有机碳(HWC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和易氧化碳(EOC)。结果表明,与荒草滩地和芦苇滩地相比,森林湿地的生态恢复模式下土壤总有机碳和各活性有机碳组分含量均为最高。在表层0-10 cm土壤中,荒草滩地和芦苇滩地的土壤EOC主要以高活性有机碳的形式存在,森林湿地则主要以低活性有机碳的形式存在;在下层10-20 cm土壤中3个类型湿地均主要以高活性有机碳的形式存在。综合分析表明,土壤MBC、HWC、EOC和POC两两之间存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),且与土壤有机碳和全氮的相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),与全磷相关性不显著。此外,两种生态恢复模式下土壤碳库管理指数均大于100%。人工林地恢复模式下两层土壤中的碳库管理指数均显著高于对照和自然湿地恢复模式(P<0.05),表征人工林地恢复模式对于改善湿地土壤质量、提升土壤固碳力更有效果。
Soil labile organic carbon is an indicator of carbon cycle and can timely reflect the impact of environmental change on soil carbon cycle. To explore the ecological restoration effect on the content and distribution of labile carbon pools, forested wetland(artificial restoration pattern, PL) and reed shoaly land(natural restoration pattern, RL) were selected around Chaohu Lake to compare with weed shoaly land(GL) abandoned since the year of 2003. In this work, characteristics of soil labile organic carbon fractions including dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), hot-water soluble organic carbon(HWC),easy oxidation of carbon(EOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) and carbon pool management index(CPMI) were analyzed.The results showed that contents of soil organic carbon(SOC) and labile fractions were the highest in PL pattern compared with GL and RL. In the surface 0–10 cm soil, EOC mainly existed in the form of high labile organic carbon(HLOC) in GL and RL, and low labile organic carbon(LLOC) form in PL. In the sub-layer of 10–20 cm soil, however, HLOC became the dominant form of EOC in all patterns. Comprehensive analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between soil MBC, HWC, EOC and POC(P<0.01),and the correlations with SOC and total nitrogen(TN) were also significant(P<0.01), but not with total phosphorus(TP). In addition,the CPMIs under the two ecological restoration patterns were higher than 100%. In PL pattern, the CPMI of the two soil depths was significantly higher than in GL and RL(P<0.05), indicating that the artificial restoration pattern was more effective in improving wetland soil quality and soil carbon sequestration.
Soil labile organic carbon is an indicator of carbon cycle and can timely reflect the impact of environmental change on soil carbon cycle. To explore the ecological restoration effect on the content and distribution of labile carbon pools, forested wetland(artificial restoration pattern, PL) and reed shoaly land(natural restoration pattern, RL) were selected around Chaohu Lake to compare with weed shoaly land(GL) abandoned since the year of 2003. In this work, characteristics of soil labile organic carbon fractions including dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), hot-water soluble organic carbon(HWC),easy oxidation of carbon(EOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) and carbon pool management index(CPMI) were analyzed.The results showed that contents of soil organic carbon(SOC) and labile fractions were the highest in PL pattern compared with GL and RL. In the surface 0–10 cm soil, EOC mainly existed in the form of high labile organic carbon(HLOC) in GL and RL, and low labile organic carbon(LLOC) form in PL. In the sub-layer of 10–20 cm soil, however, HLOC became the dominant form of EOC in all patterns. Comprehensive analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between soil MBC, HWC, EOC and POC(P<0.01),and the correlations with SOC and total nitrogen(TN) were also significant(P<0.01), but not with total phosphorus(TP). In addition,the CPMIs under the two ecological restoration patterns were higher than 100%. In PL pattern, the CPMI of the two soil depths was significantly higher than in GL and RL(P<0.05), indicating that the artificial restoration pattern was more effective in improving wetland soil quality and soil carbon sequestration.
引文
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KALBITZ K,SOLINGER S,PARK J H,et al.,2000.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:a review[J].Soil Science,165(4):277-304.
KARA O,BAYKARA M,2014.Changes in soil microbial biomass and aggregate stability under different land uses in the northeastern Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,186(6):3801-3808.
LEFROY R D B,BLAIR G J,STRONG W M,1993.Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural isotope abundance[J].Plant and Soil,155-156(1):399-402.
LOGINOW W,WISNIEWSKI W,GONET S S,1987.Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation[J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,20(1):47-52.
SPARLING G,VOJVODIC-VUKOVIC M,SCHIPPER L A,1998.Hot-water soluble C as a simple measure of labile soil organic matter:the relationship with microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,30(10-11):1469-1472.
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郭岳,张仲胜,宋晓林,2017.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤可溶性有机碳的分布特征[J].湿地科学与管理,13(4):43-47.GUO Y,ZHANG Z S,SONG X L,2017.Soil Dissolved Organic Carbon Contents and Distribution in Sanjiang Plain under Different Land Use Conditions[J].Wetland Science and Management,13(4):43-47.
韩新辉,佟小刚,杨改河,等,2012.黄土丘陵区不同退耕还林地土壤有机碳库差异分析[J].农业工程学报,28(12):223-229.HAN X H,TONG X G,YANG G H,et al.,2012.Difference analysis of soil organic carbon pool in returning farmland to forest in loess hilly area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,28(12):223-229.
郝贝贝,吴昊平,刘文治,等,2013.巢湖湖滨带植被特征及其退化原因分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,38(6):59-65.HAO B B,WU H P,LIU W Z,et al.,2013.Vegetation Features and Degradation Causes in Chaohu Lakeshore Zone[J].Environmental Science and Management,38(6):59-65.
黄靖宇,宋长春,宋艳宇,等.2008.湿地垦殖对土壤微生物量及土壤溶解有机碳、氮的影响[J].环境科学,29(5):1380-1387.HUANG J Y,SONG C C,SONG Y Y,et al.2008.Influence of freshwater marsh tillage on microbial biomass and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen[J].Environmental Science,29(5):1380-1387.
简兴,王松,王玉良,等,2016.城市湿地周边不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳及其活性组分特征[J].浙江农业学报,28(1):119-126.JIAN X,WANG S,WANG Y L,et al.,2016.Soil organic carbon and its active components characteristics under different land utilization types at the periphery of city wetlands[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,28(1):119-126.
李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云,2004.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J].土壤学报,41(4):544-552.LI Z P,ZHANG T L,CHEN B Y,2014.Dynamics of soluble organic carbon and its relation to mineralization of soil organic carbon[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,41(4):544-552.
刘刚,沈守云,闫文德,等,2011.洪湖湿地生态系统土壤有机碳及养分含量特征[J].生态学报,31(24):7625-7631.LIU G,SHEN S Y,YAN W D,et al.,2011.Characteristics of organic carbon and nutrient content in five soil types in Honghu wetland ecosystems[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(24):7625-7631.
孟祥华,2010.巢湖沉积物磷的蓄积特征研究[D].济南:济南大学:5-11.MENG X H,2010.The sedimentary characteristics of phosphorus in the sediment of Chaohu Lake[D].Jinan:University of Jinan:5-11.
秦先燕,彭苗枝,胡波,等,2017.巢湖北部土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].中国科学技术大学学报,47(5):426-434.QIN X,PENG M,HU B,et al.,2017.Heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment for soil in northern Chaohu Lake[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,47(5):426-434.
孙波,张桃林,赵其国,1999.我国中亚热带缓丘区红粘土红壤肥力的演化Ⅱ.化学和生物学肥力的演化[J].土壤学报,36(2):35-47.SUN B,ZHANG T,ZHAO Q,1999.Fertility evolution of red soil derived from quaternary red clay in low-hilly region in middle subtropicsⅡ.Evolution of soil chemical and biological fertilities[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,36(2):35-47.
邰继承,靳振江,崔立强,等,2011.不同土地利用下湖北江汉平原湿地起源土壤有机碳组分的变化[J].水土保持学报,25(6):124-128.TAI J C,JIN Z J,CUI L Q,et al.,2011.Changes in soil organic carbon fractions with land uses in soils reclaimed from wetlands of Jianghan Plain,Hubei Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,25(6):124-128.
万忠梅,郭岳,郭跃东,2011.土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,20(3):567-570.WANG Z M,GUO Y,GUO Y D,2011.Research progress on influence of land use on wetland soil active organic carbon[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,20(3):567-570.
王莹,刘淑英,王平,2014.不同土地利用方式下秦王川灌区土壤活性有机碳库的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(5):103-108.WANG Y,LIU S Y,WANG P,2014.Changes of soil active organic carbon pool under different land use types in Qinwangchuan Irrigation[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,28(5):103-108.
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