盐度对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长及鳃肾组织学结构的影响
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摘要
为研究不同盐度条件对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂幼鱼生长及鳃肾组织学结构的影响,试验设置6、12、18、24、30共5个盐度组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放体质量为(26.05SymbolqB@1.23)g的幼鱼25尾,进行了为期30 d的养殖试验。结果表明:试验结束时,盐度6、12组珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长速度最快,终末体质量分别为(59.89±1.12)、(58.15±1.13)g,显著高于其他盐度组(P<0.05),特定生长率也显著高于其他盐度组(P<0.05);盐度18组体质量及特定生长率均明显低于其他盐度组(P<0.05),而摄食率及饲料系数则显著高于其他盐度组(P<0.05);鳃丝组织学切片中,随盐度的升高,鳃小叶宽度逐渐减小,相邻鳃小叶间距变大,盐度6、12组鳃小叶宽度最大且显著大于其他盐度组(P<0.05),盐度6、12、18组相邻鳃小叶间距最小且显著小于其他盐度组(P<0.05);泌氯细胞随盐度的升高直径变大,数量也略有增加,盐度6组泌氯细胞最小,且显著小于18、24、30盐度组(P<0.05);肾脏组织学切片中,随盐度的升高肾小球长径变小,同时数量也略有减少,盐度6组肾小球长径最大且显著大于其他盐度组(P<0.05),盐度18、24、30组间肾小球长径无明显差异(P>0.05),并显著小于盐度6、12组(P<0.05);盐度6组与盐度30组相比,盐度6组肾组织学结构充实,肾小管粗壮,而盐度30组肾小管数量减少,颈段、近曲小管、集合管明显萎缩,管径缩小。研究表明,在试验盐度6～30范围内,盐度变化并未造成珍珠龙胆石斑鱼不可逆的损伤,盐度6～12最适合珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长。
Juvenile pearl gentian grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus ♂) with body weight of(26.05±1.23)g were reared in a 1 m~3 glass fiber reinforced plastics trough at a salinity of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 at water temperature of(28±1)℃ for 30 days to investigate the effect of salinity on growth, and gill and kidney histological structures of pearl gentian grouper. The results showed that the best growth rate including specific growth rate(SGR) was observed in the juveniles at a salinity of 6(59.89 g±1.12 g) and 12(58.15 g±1.13 g), significantly better than that at other salinities(P<0.05). There was significantly lower SGR in the juveniles in salinity 18 group than that in the other salinity groups at the end(P<0.05), while the food intake and food conversion ratio(FCR) were significantly higher than those in other salinity groups(P<0.05). Histologically, the secondary filament width was decreased gradually, and the distance between adjacent secondary filaments was increased in pearl gentian grouper juveniles exposed to increasing salinity, with the maximal secondary filament width in the juveniles in salinity 6 and 12 groups, significantly higher than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05) with the minimal adjacent secondary filament distance in salinity 6, 12 and 18 groups, significantly smaller than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05). The pearl gentian grouper juveniles had more and larger chloride secretory cells in diameter as the increase in ambient salinity, the minimal chloride secretory cell diameter in salinity 6 group, and significantly less than that in the salinity 18, 24, and 30 groups(P<0.05). There were shorter glomerular long diameter and less glomerula as the increase in ambient salinity, the largest glomerular length-diameter in salinity 6 group and significantly larger than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05), without significant differences in glomerular length-diameter between salinity 18, 24, and 30 groups and significantly lower than that in salinity 6 and 12 groups(P<0.05). The pearl gentian grouper juveniles in salinity 6 group had full kidney histological structure, and thick and strong kidney tubules compared with that in salinity 30 group, with less kidney tubules, and obviously atrophied the neck segment, the proximal segment, and the collecting duct, and reduction of tubule diameter in salinity 30 group. The findings indicated that irreversible damage was not found in juvenile pearl gentian grouper exposed to changes in salinity from 6 to 30, and that salinity of 6-12 was optimal for growth of juvenile pearl gentian groupe.
Juvenile pearl gentian grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus ♂) with body weight of(26.05±1.23)g were reared in a 1 m~3 glass fiber reinforced plastics trough at a salinity of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 at water temperature of(28±1)℃ for 30 days to investigate the effect of salinity on growth, and gill and kidney histological structures of pearl gentian grouper. The results showed that the best growth rate including specific growth rate(SGR) was observed in the juveniles at a salinity of 6(59.89 g±1.12 g) and 12(58.15 g±1.13 g), significantly better than that at other salinities(P<0.05). There was significantly lower SGR in the juveniles in salinity 18 group than that in the other salinity groups at the end(P<0.05), while the food intake and food conversion ratio(FCR) were significantly higher than those in other salinity groups(P<0.05). Histologically, the secondary filament width was decreased gradually, and the distance between adjacent secondary filaments was increased in pearl gentian grouper juveniles exposed to increasing salinity, with the maximal secondary filament width in the juveniles in salinity 6 and 12 groups, significantly higher than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05) with the minimal adjacent secondary filament distance in salinity 6, 12 and 18 groups, significantly smaller than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05). The pearl gentian grouper juveniles had more and larger chloride secretory cells in diameter as the increase in ambient salinity, the minimal chloride secretory cell diameter in salinity 6 group, and significantly less than that in the salinity 18, 24, and 30 groups(P<0.05). There were shorter glomerular long diameter and less glomerula as the increase in ambient salinity, the largest glomerular length-diameter in salinity 6 group and significantly larger than that in the other salinity groups(P<0.05), without significant differences in glomerular length-diameter between salinity 18, 24, and 30 groups and significantly lower than that in salinity 6 and 12 groups(P<0.05). The pearl gentian grouper juveniles in salinity 6 group had full kidney histological structure, and thick and strong kidney tubules compared with that in salinity 30 group, with less kidney tubules, and obviously atrophied the neck segment, the proximal segment, and the collecting duct, and reduction of tubule diameter in salinity 30 group. The findings indicated that irreversible damage was not found in juvenile pearl gentian grouper exposed to changes in salinity from 6 to 30, and that salinity of 6-12 was optimal for growth of juvenile pearl gentian groupe.
引文
[1] 陈超,孔祥迪,李炎璐,等.棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育的跟踪观察[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(5):135-144.
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[4] 李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.两种豆粕部分替代鱼粉在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):716-725.
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[11] 王素久,张海发,赵俊,等.不同盐度对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长和生理的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,31(6):39-44.
[12] 李学军,李思发,么宗利,等.不同盐度下尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼幼鱼生长、成活率及肥满系数的差异[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(3):245-251.
[13] 林先智,区又君,李加儿,等.盐度胁迫对遮目鱼幼鱼存活、生长及性状相关性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(4):675-686.
[14] 曾霖,雷霁霖,刘滨,等.盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(10):1535-1541.
[15] 杨震飞,刘波,戈贤平,等.水产养殖环境胁迫对鱼类表观遗传的影响研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(2):270-282.
[16] 郭黎,马爱军,王新安,等.盐度和温度对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(5):422-428.
[17] Febry R,Lutz P.Energy partitioning in fish:the activity related cost of osmoregulation in a euryhaline cichlid[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1987,128:63-85.
[18] Carmona R,García-Gallego M,Sanz A,et al.Chloride cells and pavement cells in gill epithelia of Acipenser naccarii:ultrastructural modifications in seawater-acclimated specimens[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,64(2):553-566.
[19] 姜明,汝少国,刘晓云,等.不同盐度下蓝非鲫鳃泌氯细胞的结构变化[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(4):603-608.
[20] 林华英,姜明.不同生境中鲈鱼肾脏显微和亚微结构变化的初步研究[J].山东海洋学院学报,1985,15(4):64-70.
[21] 侯俊利,陈立侨,庄平,等.不同盐度驯化下施氏鲟幼鱼鳃泌氯细胞结构的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):316-322.
[22] 于娜,李加儿,区又君,等.不同盐度下鲻鱼幼鱼鳃和肾组织结构变化[J].生态科学,2012,31(4):424-428.
[23] 刘修业.海、淡水梭鱼肾脏细微结构的变化[J].南开大学学报:自然科学,1992(4):44-49.
[24] 王义强,黄世蕉,赵维信.鱼类生理学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:219-224.
[25] 王晓杰,张秀梅,姜明.盐度胁迫对许氏平鲉鳃、头肾、脾脏超微结构的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(S1):85-90.
[26] Camargo M M P,Martinez C B R.Histopathology of gills,kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream[J].Neotropical Ichthyology,2007,5(3):327-336.
[27] 王先敏.外界环境盐度对淞江鲈鱼肾脏组织结构的影响[J].海洋学报,1988,10(3):334-336.
[28] Galat D L,Post G,Keefe T J,et al.Histological changes in the gill,kidney and liver of Lahontan cutthroat trout,Salmo clarki henshawi,living in lakes of different salinity-alkalinity[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1985,27(5):533-552.
[29] Handeland S O,Bj?rnsson B T,Arnesen A M,et al.Seawater adaptation and growth of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of wild and farmed strains[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1-4):367-384.
[2] 杨超,孙建明,徐哲,等.循环水高密度养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼效果研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(3):18-22.
[3] 吴耀华,王成桂,梁华芳,等.不同投喂模式对龙虎斑生长的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(6):21-25.
[4] 李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.两种豆粕部分替代鱼粉在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):716-725.
[5] 刘云,王际英,李宝山,等.蛋氨酸钴对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、矿物元素沉积及肝脏酶活力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):574-583.
[6] Hwang P P,Lee T H,Lin L Y.Ion regulation in fish gills:recent progress in the cellular and molecular mechanisms[J].American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory,Integrative and Comparative Physiology,2011,301(1):R28-R47.
[7] Boeuf G,Payan P.How should salinity influence fish growth?[J].Toxicology & Pharmacology,2001,130(4):411-423.
[8] 尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.盐度对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食生长及体成分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(1):89-93.
[9] 姜志强,刘钢,金柏.盐度对美国红鱼幼鱼生长和摄食的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2005,20(2):91-94.
[10] 张雅芝,刘冬娥,方琼珊,等.温度和盐度对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长与存活的影响[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2009,14(1):8-13.
[11] 王素久,张海发,赵俊,等.不同盐度对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长和生理的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,31(6):39-44.
[12] 李学军,李思发,么宗利,等.不同盐度下尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼幼鱼生长、成活率及肥满系数的差异[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(3):245-251.
[13] 林先智,区又君,李加儿,等.盐度胁迫对遮目鱼幼鱼存活、生长及性状相关性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(4):675-686.
[14] 曾霖,雷霁霖,刘滨,等.盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(10):1535-1541.
[15] 杨震飞,刘波,戈贤平,等.水产养殖环境胁迫对鱼类表观遗传的影响研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(2):270-282.
[16] 郭黎,马爱军,王新安,等.盐度和温度对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(5):422-428.
[17] Febry R,Lutz P.Energy partitioning in fish:the activity related cost of osmoregulation in a euryhaline cichlid[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1987,128:63-85.
[18] Carmona R,García-Gallego M,Sanz A,et al.Chloride cells and pavement cells in gill epithelia of Acipenser naccarii:ultrastructural modifications in seawater-acclimated specimens[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,64(2):553-566.
[19] 姜明,汝少国,刘晓云,等.不同盐度下蓝非鲫鳃泌氯细胞的结构变化[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(4):603-608.
[20] 林华英,姜明.不同生境中鲈鱼肾脏显微和亚微结构变化的初步研究[J].山东海洋学院学报,1985,15(4):64-70.
[21] 侯俊利,陈立侨,庄平,等.不同盐度驯化下施氏鲟幼鱼鳃泌氯细胞结构的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):316-322.
[22] 于娜,李加儿,区又君,等.不同盐度下鲻鱼幼鱼鳃和肾组织结构变化[J].生态科学,2012,31(4):424-428.
[23] 刘修业.海、淡水梭鱼肾脏细微结构的变化[J].南开大学学报:自然科学,1992(4):44-49.
[24] 王义强,黄世蕉,赵维信.鱼类生理学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:219-224.
[25] 王晓杰,张秀梅,姜明.盐度胁迫对许氏平鲉鳃、头肾、脾脏超微结构的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(S1):85-90.
[26] Camargo M M P,Martinez C B R.Histopathology of gills,kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream[J].Neotropical Ichthyology,2007,5(3):327-336.
[27] 王先敏.外界环境盐度对淞江鲈鱼肾脏组织结构的影响[J].海洋学报,1988,10(3):334-336.
[28] Galat D L,Post G,Keefe T J,et al.Histological changes in the gill,kidney and liver of Lahontan cutthroat trout,Salmo clarki henshawi,living in lakes of different salinity-alkalinity[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1985,27(5):533-552.
[29] Handeland S O,Bj?rnsson B T,Arnesen A M,et al.Seawater adaptation and growth of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of wild and farmed strains[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1-4):367-384.
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