维生素D_3对仿刺参幼参生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
为研究维生素D_3对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0(D1)、250(D2)、500(D3)、1000(D4)、2000(D5)、3000(D6) IU/kg的维生素D_3(实测值:95、334、570、1076、2063、3081IU/kg),制作6组等氮等能的实验饲料,饲喂初始体重为(15.43±0.14)g仿刺参幼参56d。结果显示,1)维生素D3对仿刺参存活率(SR)无显著影响(P>0.05),显著提高了增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),D1组均显著低于其他组(P<0.05);D3、D4、D5组肠体比(IWR)显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),但3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)维生素D3对体壁水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P>0.05);粗灰分含量随添加量的增加呈先升后降趋势,D5组达到最高值;羟脯氨酸含量呈先下降后上升趋势,D4组达到最低值;维生素D3显著提高了体壁Ca含量(P<0.05);体壁维生素D_3的沉积量呈先上升后下降趋势,D4组达到最高值,显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。P含量呈先上升后平稳趋势;Mg含量呈上升趋势,D1组显著低于其他组(P<0.05);Fe含量呈先升后降趋势,D5、D6组显著低于其他组(P<0.05);Mn含量呈下降趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着维生素D_3添加量的增加,肠道碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力呈先上升后下降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈下降趋势,各组间总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,以增重率为评价指标,一元二次线性回归分析表明,初始体重为15.43 g的仿刺参对维生素D_3的最适需求量为1587.5 IU/kg。
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D_3(VD_3) on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant capacity of the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Six isonitrogen and isoenergetic diets were formulated by adding 0(D1), 250(D2), 500(D3), 1000(D4), 2000(D5), or 3000(D6) IU/kg VD_3 into the basal diet(measured value: 95, 334, 570, 1076, 2063, and 3081 IU/kg). Juvenile sea cucumbers with initial body weights of(15.43±0.14) g were fed for 56 days. Results showed that VD_3 had no effect on survival rate(P>0.05) of the sea cucumber. Further, both the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly improved, and those of the D1 group were significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05). The ratios of intestine weight to body weight of the D3, D4, and D5 groups were significantly higher than that of the other three groups(P<0.05), but there were no differences among them(P>0.05). With increasing VD_3, moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid contents of the body wall were not affected significantly(P>0.05), but crude ash contents of the body wall increased and thereafter declined, reaching the maximum in the D5 group. The contents of hydroxyproline of the body wall decreased initially and then increased, reaching the minimum in the D4 group(P<0.05). The deposition amount of VD_3 in the body wall increased initially and then decreased. The D4 group showed the highest value. VD_3 significantly increased the contents of calcium in the body wall(P < 0.05). Additionally, the phosphorus content increased at first and was maintained. The contents of phosphorus of the D4, D5, and D6 groups were significantly higher than that of the D1 group(P<0.05), but there were no differences among them(P>0.05). The contents of magnesium in the body wall increased in all groups by dietary VD_3, and all experimental groups had significantly higher magnesium contents than that in the D1 group(P<0.05). The contents of iron increased initially and then decreased, and the contents in the D5 and D6 groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05). The contents of manganese decreased, but the difference between each group was not significant(P>0.05). With increases in dietary VD_3 level, both the activities of alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase in the intestines of the experimental groups first increased and then declined, while the contents of malondialdehyde decreased. The total antioxidative capacity and catalase activity in the intestines of all groups were not significantly affected(P>0.05) by VD_3. In conclusion, analysis by a WGR linear regression equation indicated that the optimal demand for VD_3 in the sea cucumber(initial body weight 15.43 g) was 1587.5 IU/kg.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D_3(VD_3) on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant capacity of the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Six isonitrogen and isoenergetic diets were formulated by adding 0(D1), 250(D2), 500(D3), 1000(D4), 2000(D5), or 3000(D6) IU/kg VD_3 into the basal diet(measured value: 95, 334, 570, 1076, 2063, and 3081 IU/kg). Juvenile sea cucumbers with initial body weights of(15.43±0.14) g were fed for 56 days. Results showed that VD_3 had no effect on survival rate(P>0.05) of the sea cucumber. Further, both the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly improved, and those of the D1 group were significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05). The ratios of intestine weight to body weight of the D3, D4, and D5 groups were significantly higher than that of the other three groups(P<0.05), but there were no differences among them(P>0.05). With increasing VD_3, moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid contents of the body wall were not affected significantly(P>0.05), but crude ash contents of the body wall increased and thereafter declined, reaching the maximum in the D5 group. The contents of hydroxyproline of the body wall decreased initially and then increased, reaching the minimum in the D4 group(P<0.05). The deposition amount of VD_3 in the body wall increased initially and then decreased. The D4 group showed the highest value. VD_3 significantly increased the contents of calcium in the body wall(P < 0.05). Additionally, the phosphorus content increased at first and was maintained. The contents of phosphorus of the D4, D5, and D6 groups were significantly higher than that of the D1 group(P<0.05), but there were no differences among them(P>0.05). The contents of magnesium in the body wall increased in all groups by dietary VD_3, and all experimental groups had significantly higher magnesium contents than that in the D1 group(P<0.05). The contents of iron increased initially and then decreased, and the contents in the D5 and D6 groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05). The contents of manganese decreased, but the difference between each group was not significant(P>0.05). With increases in dietary VD_3 level, both the activities of alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase in the intestines of the experimental groups first increased and then declined, while the contents of malondialdehyde decreased. The total antioxidative capacity and catalase activity in the intestines of all groups were not significantly affected(P>0.05) by VD_3. In conclusion, analysis by a WGR linear regression equation indicated that the optimal demand for VD_3 in the sea cucumber(initial body weight 15.43 g) was 1587.5 IU/kg.
引文
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Maalouf NM.The non-calciotropic actions of vitamin D:Recent clinical developments.Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension,2008,17(4):408-415
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Chang J,Niu HX,Zhang WB.Research advance in immune system of Apostichopus japonicuss Selenka and its immunostimulants.China Feed,2011(6):8-12[常杰,牛化欣,张文兵.刺参免疫系统及其免疫增强剂评价指标的研究进展.中国饲料,2011(6):8-12]
Cui FX,Xue CH,Li ZJ,et al.Extraction and the physical and chemical characterization of collagen in Apostichopus japonicus.Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(4):549-553[崔凤霞,薛长湖,李兆杰,等.仿刺参胶原蛋白的提取及理化性质.水产学报,2006,30(4):549-553]
Chen J,Wang A,Zhang SY,et al.Effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 levels on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers.Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(6):1544-1550[陈娟,王安,张淑云,等.饲粮钙和维生素D3水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响.动物营养学报,2010,22(6):1544-1550]
Duan MM,Wang CF,Xie CX.Effects of dietary vitamin D3 on antioxidant and immune capacity of juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(3):80-84[段鸣鸣,王春芳,谢从新.维生素D3对黄颡鱼幼鱼抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响.淡水渔业,2014,44(03):80-84]
Fu JH,Zhang WB,Mai KS,et al.Effects of dietary vitamin D on growth and antioxidant response of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino.High Technology Letters,2006,16(12):1306-1311[付京花,张文兵,麦康森,等.维生素D对皱纹盘鲍生长和体组织抗氧化反应的影响.高技术通讯,2006,16(12):1306-1311]
Graff IE,Hoie S,Totland GK,et al.Three different levels of dietary vitamin D3 fed to first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.):Effect on growth,mortality,calcium content and bone formation.Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,8(2):103-111
Haussler MR,Nagode LA,Rasmussen H.Induction of intestinal brush border alkaline phosphatase by vitamin D and identity with Ca-ATPase.Nature,1970,228(5277):1199-1201
He HQ,Lawrence AL,Liu RY.Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat-soluble vitamins,A,D,E and K for penaeid shrimp(Penaeus vannamei).Aquaculture,1992,103(2):177-185
Jang M,Wu F,Wen H,et al.Effects of dietary vitamin D3supplementation on growth and body composition of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus).Freshwater Fisheries,2009,39(5):38-42[蒋明,吴凡,文华,等.饲料中添加不同水平的维生素D3对草鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响.淡水渔业,2009,39(5):38-42]
Li AJ.Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,1996:50-53[李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社,1996:50-53]
Li DB,Shao SS,Zhang GW,et al.Effects of vitamin D3supplemental level on growth performance and immune function of Monopterus albus.Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(4):1145-1151[黎德兵,邵珊珊,张龚炜,等.饲料中维生素D3添加水平对黄鳝生长性能及免疫功能的影响.动物营养学报,2015,27(4):1145-1151]
Luo ZY,Wang BJ,Liu M,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C on growth,reactive oxygen species,and antioxidant enzyme activity of Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)juveniles exposed to nitrite.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32(4):749-763
Maalouf NM.The non-calciotropic actions of vitamin D:Recent clinical developments.Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension,2008,17(4):408-415
Martínez-álvarez RM,Morales AE,Sanz A.Antioxidant defenses in fish:Biotic and abiotic factors.Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2005,15(1-2):75-88
Mourente G,D??Az-Salvago E,Bell JG,et al.Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.)fed dietary oxidised oil:Attenuation by dietary vitamin E.Aquaculture,2002,214(1-4):343-361
Norman AW,Mircheff AK,Adams RH,et al.Studies on the mechanism of action of calciferol III.Vitamin D-mediated increase of intestinal brush border alkaline phosphatase activity.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:General Subjects,1970,215(2):348-359
Onderci M,Sahin N,Sahin K,et al.Antioxidant properties of chromium and zinc.Biological Trace Element Research,2003,92(2):139-149
Peng X,Shao QJ.Studies on vitamin D in aquatic animals.Feed Industry,2010,31(22):47-49[彭翔,邵庆均.维生素D在水产动物中的研究进展.饲料工业,2010,31(22):47-49]
Rengpipat S,Rukpratanporn S,Piyatiratitivorakul S,et al.Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)by a probiont bacterium(Bacillus S11).Aquaculture,2000,191(4):271-288
Shiau SY,Hwang JY.The dietary requirement of juvenile grass shrimp(Penaeus monodon)for vitamin D.Aquaculture,1994,124(12):2445-2450
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