微裂隙对花岗岩力学性质影响的阈值研究
|
摘要
通过对高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区巴彦诺日公花岗岩进行单轴压缩试验和薄片鉴定,研究微裂隙对花岗岩力学性质的影响。首先,采用面积裂隙线密度对花岗岩中的微裂隙进行量化。根据单轴压缩下全应力–应变曲线,求取花岗岩的力学参数。研究微裂隙密度与岩石的力学性质之间的关系。结果表明,微裂隙对花岗岩的单轴抗压强度和变形模量有明显的影响,且存在一个微裂隙线密度阈值,当微裂隙线密度大于该阈值,和单轴抗压强度、变形模量具有很好的相关性;小于该阈值,相关性很差,微裂隙对岩石力学性质的影响主要不是表现在线密度上。
To obtain the relationship between microcracks and mechanical properties,slice identification and mechanical test were carried out,in which the samples were from Bayannuorigong granite mass in Alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste. Firstly,the microcracks are quantified by area crack linear density. Uniaxial compression tests for standard cylindrical granite samples were conducted using electro-hydraulic servo testing machine. The mechanical parameters of granite were obtained from complete stress-strain curves under uniaxial compression. The relationship between area crack linear density and mechanical parameters was researched. The results show that there is a threshold about the effect of microcracks on granite uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus. When the microcrack linear density is greater than the threshold,it has a good correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus. Otherwise,their correlation is very poor,and the effect of microcracks linear density on the mechanical properties of rocks is not obvious.
To obtain the relationship between microcracks and mechanical properties,slice identification and mechanical test were carried out,in which the samples were from Bayannuorigong granite mass in Alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste. Firstly,the microcracks are quantified by area crack linear density. Uniaxial compression tests for standard cylindrical granite samples were conducted using electro-hydraulic servo testing machine. The mechanical parameters of granite were obtained from complete stress-strain curves under uniaxial compression. The relationship between area crack linear density and mechanical parameters was researched. The results show that there is a threshold about the effect of microcracks on granite uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus. When the microcrack linear density is greater than the threshold,it has a good correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus. Otherwise,their correlation is very poor,and the effect of microcracks linear density on the mechanical properties of rocks is not obvious.
引文
[1]HUDSON J A,HARRISON J.Engineering rock mechanics:an introduction to the principles[M].Oxford:Elsevier Science Ltd.,1997:141-148
[2]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].科学出版社,1979:204-207.(GU Dezhen.Foundations of rock mass engineering geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979:204-207.(in Chinese))
[3]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:48-52.(SUNGuangzhong.Rock mass structure mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:48-52.(in Chinese))
[4]周永胜,张流.裂缝性储集层岩芯裂缝统计分析[J].世界地质,2000,19(2):117-124.(ZHOU Yongsheng,ZHANG Liu.Statistics and Analysis of Drilling Core Fractures of Fractured Reservoirs[J].World Geology,2000,19(2):117-124.(in Chinese))
[5]酆文清.裂隙对岩石力学性质影响的研究[J].水电站设计,1991,(3):28-35.(FENG Wenqing.Research of fissure effect on rock mechenical properties[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,1991,(3):28-35.(in Chinese))
[6]寇绍全.裂隙对岩石力学性质的影响[J].力学进展,1980,10(2/3):89-98.(KOU Shaoquan.Fissure effect on rock mechenical properties[J].Advances in Mechanics,1980,10(2/3):89-98.(in Chinese))
[7]HAMDI P,STEAD D,ELMO D.Characterizing the influence of stress-induced microcracks on the laboratory strength and fracture development in brittle rocks using a finite-discrete element method-micro discrete fracture network FDEM-mDFN approach[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(6):609-625.
[8]康石磊,阳军生,杨峰.用颗粒流方法研究裂隙对岩石力学性质的影响[J].世界科技研究与发展,2015,37(4):359-363.(KANGShilei,YANG Junsheng,YANG Feng.Investigation of influences of cracks on mechanical properties of rock using particle flow code approach[J].World Sci-Tech R and D,2015,37(4):359-363.(in Chinese))
[9]BIENIAWSKI Z T.Time-dependent behaviour of fractured rock[J].Rock Mechanics,1970,2(3):123-137.
[10]GEHLE C,KUTTER H K.Breakage and shear behaviour of intermittent rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):687-700.
[11]范雷,周火明,张宜虎.微裂隙对工程岩体强度参数的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2 703-2 709.(FANLei,ZHOU Huoming,ZHANG Yihu.Influence of microcracks on strength parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2 703-2 709.(in Chinese))
[12]范雷,姜黎,胡启芳.微裂隙对工程岩体变形参数的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2013,30(2):27-30.(FAN Lei,JIANGLi,HU Qifang.Influence of microcracks on deformation parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(2):27-103.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHAO Z Y,ZHANG H Q,TANG C A,et al.Numerical study on breakage and shear behavior of intermittent rock joints[C]//Geoshanghai International Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2014:248-253.
[14]MOORE D,LOCKNER D A.The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,I7(1):95-114.
[15]寇绍全,ALM O.微裂隙和花岗岩的抗拉强度[J].力学学报,1987,19(4):76-83.(KOU Shaoquan,ALM O.Microcracks and the tensile strength of granite[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,1987,19(4):76-83.(in Chinese))
[16]王平,黄凯珠,周锦添.大理岩微裂隙与其力学性质间的关系[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(2):19-23.(WANG Ping,HUANG Kaizhu,ZHOU Jintian.Relationship between the microcrack density and mechanical properties of marble[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1996,4(2):19-23.(in Chinese))
[17]WONG R H C,CHAU K T,WANG P.Microcracking and grain size effect in Yuen Long marbles[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(5):479-485.
[18]蒲成志,曹平,赵延林,等.单轴压缩下多裂隙类岩石材料强度试验与数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3 661-3 666.(PUChengzhi,CAO P,ZHAO Y L,et al.Numerical analysis and strength experiment of rock-like materials with multi-fissures under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3 661-3 666.(in Chinese))
[19]李向星.单轴压缩条件下原生微裂隙对白云岩力学特性的影响规律研究[硕士学位论文][D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.(LIXiangxing.Influence of primary microcracks on mechanical properties of dolomite under uniaxial compression[M.S.Thesis][D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[20]杨松林,徐卫亚.裂隙岩体有效弹性模量估计的一种方法[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(4):399-402.(YANG Songlin,XU Weiya.A simple method to estimate the effective elastic moduli of cracked rock[J].Journal of Hehai University,2003,31(4):399-402.(in Chinese))
[21]王宏图,李晓红,杨春和,等.准各向同性裂隙岩体中有效动弹性参数与弹性波速关系的研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):873-876.(WANG Hongtu,LI Xiaohong,YANG Chunhe,et al.Influence of cracks on the propagation properties of elastic waves in quasi-isotropic cracked rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):873-876.(in Chinese))
[22]WALSH J B.The effect of cracks on the uniaxial elastic compression of rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1965,70(2):399-411.
[23]张路青,曾庆利,袁广祥,等.高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区工程地质适宜性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:198-218.(ZHANG Luqing,ZENG Qingli,YUAN Guangxiang,et al.Engineering geological suitability evaluation of alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:198-218.(in Chinese))
[24]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DZ/T 0275.2-2015岩矿鉴定技术规范第2部分:岩石薄片制样[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.DZ/T 0275.2-2015 Specification identification of rock and mineral-Part 2:Rock thin section preparation[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.(in Chinese))
[25]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50266-2013工程岩体试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.(The National Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.GB/T 50266-2013 Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[26]岳中琦.岩土细观介质空间分布数字表述和相关力学数值分析的方法、应用和进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):875-888.(YUE Zhongqi.Digital representation of meso-geomaterial spatial distribution and associated numerical analysis of geomechanics:methods,applications and developments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):875-888.(in Chinese))
[27]陈从新,刘秀敏,刘才华.数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增1):53-61.(CHEN Congxin,LIUXiumin,LIU Caihua.Application of digital image processing to rock mesomechanics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):53-61.(in Chinese))
[28]陆兆溱.工程地质学[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:14.(LU Zhaozhen.Engineering geology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2001:14.(in Chinese))
[29]黄达,刘富兴,杨超,等.一种岩体裂隙时效扩展的数值模拟方法及验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1 623-1 633.(HUANG Da,LIU Fuxing,YANG Chao,et al.A numerical simulation method for time-dependent growth of cracks in rocks and its validation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1 623-1 633.(in Chinese))
[30]方恩权,蔡永昌,朱合华.单轴压缩岩石不同边界裂纹扩展数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(1):100-104.(FANGEnquan,CAI Yongchang,ZHU Hehua.Numerical studies of crack propagation in free boundary shape under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(1):100-104.(in Chinese))
[31]王辉,高召宁,孟祥瑞,等.单裂隙岩石在单轴压缩下破坏的数值模拟[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(1):29-32.(WANG Hui,GAOZhaoning,MENG Xiangrui,et al.Numerical simulation of single fracture rock damage under uniaxial compression[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(1):29-32.(in Chinese))
[32]刘晓丽,王思敬,王恩志,等.单轴压缩岩石中缺陷的演化规律及岩石强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 195-1 201.(LIUXiaoli,WANG Sijing,WANG Enzhi,et al.Evolutionary rules of flaws in rock subjected to uniaxial compression and rock strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 195-1 201.(in Chinese))
[33]周火明,杨宇,张宜虎,等.多裂纹岩石单轴压缩渐进破坏过程精细测试[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):465-470.(ZHOUHuoming,YANG Yu,ZHANG Yihu,et al.Fine test on progressive fracturing process of multi-crack rock samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):465-470.(in Chinese))
[34]ZHOU J W,XU W Y,YANG X G.A microcrack damage model for brittle rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2010,37(4):399-405.
[2]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].科学出版社,1979:204-207.(GU Dezhen.Foundations of rock mass engineering geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979:204-207.(in Chinese))
[3]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:48-52.(SUNGuangzhong.Rock mass structure mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:48-52.(in Chinese))
[4]周永胜,张流.裂缝性储集层岩芯裂缝统计分析[J].世界地质,2000,19(2):117-124.(ZHOU Yongsheng,ZHANG Liu.Statistics and Analysis of Drilling Core Fractures of Fractured Reservoirs[J].World Geology,2000,19(2):117-124.(in Chinese))
[5]酆文清.裂隙对岩石力学性质影响的研究[J].水电站设计,1991,(3):28-35.(FENG Wenqing.Research of fissure effect on rock mechenical properties[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,1991,(3):28-35.(in Chinese))
[6]寇绍全.裂隙对岩石力学性质的影响[J].力学进展,1980,10(2/3):89-98.(KOU Shaoquan.Fissure effect on rock mechenical properties[J].Advances in Mechanics,1980,10(2/3):89-98.(in Chinese))
[7]HAMDI P,STEAD D,ELMO D.Characterizing the influence of stress-induced microcracks on the laboratory strength and fracture development in brittle rocks using a finite-discrete element method-micro discrete fracture network FDEM-mDFN approach[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(6):609-625.
[8]康石磊,阳军生,杨峰.用颗粒流方法研究裂隙对岩石力学性质的影响[J].世界科技研究与发展,2015,37(4):359-363.(KANGShilei,YANG Junsheng,YANG Feng.Investigation of influences of cracks on mechanical properties of rock using particle flow code approach[J].World Sci-Tech R and D,2015,37(4):359-363.(in Chinese))
[9]BIENIAWSKI Z T.Time-dependent behaviour of fractured rock[J].Rock Mechanics,1970,2(3):123-137.
[10]GEHLE C,KUTTER H K.Breakage and shear behaviour of intermittent rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):687-700.
[11]范雷,周火明,张宜虎.微裂隙对工程岩体强度参数的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2 703-2 709.(FANLei,ZHOU Huoming,ZHANG Yihu.Influence of microcracks on strength parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2 703-2 709.(in Chinese))
[12]范雷,姜黎,胡启芳.微裂隙对工程岩体变形参数的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2013,30(2):27-30.(FAN Lei,JIANGLi,HU Qifang.Influence of microcracks on deformation parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(2):27-103.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHAO Z Y,ZHANG H Q,TANG C A,et al.Numerical study on breakage and shear behavior of intermittent rock joints[C]//Geoshanghai International Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2014:248-253.
[14]MOORE D,LOCKNER D A.The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,I7(1):95-114.
[15]寇绍全,ALM O.微裂隙和花岗岩的抗拉强度[J].力学学报,1987,19(4):76-83.(KOU Shaoquan,ALM O.Microcracks and the tensile strength of granite[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,1987,19(4):76-83.(in Chinese))
[16]王平,黄凯珠,周锦添.大理岩微裂隙与其力学性质间的关系[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(2):19-23.(WANG Ping,HUANG Kaizhu,ZHOU Jintian.Relationship between the microcrack density and mechanical properties of marble[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1996,4(2):19-23.(in Chinese))
[17]WONG R H C,CHAU K T,WANG P.Microcracking and grain size effect in Yuen Long marbles[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(5):479-485.
[18]蒲成志,曹平,赵延林,等.单轴压缩下多裂隙类岩石材料强度试验与数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3 661-3 666.(PUChengzhi,CAO P,ZHAO Y L,et al.Numerical analysis and strength experiment of rock-like materials with multi-fissures under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3 661-3 666.(in Chinese))
[19]李向星.单轴压缩条件下原生微裂隙对白云岩力学特性的影响规律研究[硕士学位论文][D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.(LIXiangxing.Influence of primary microcracks on mechanical properties of dolomite under uniaxial compression[M.S.Thesis][D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[20]杨松林,徐卫亚.裂隙岩体有效弹性模量估计的一种方法[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(4):399-402.(YANG Songlin,XU Weiya.A simple method to estimate the effective elastic moduli of cracked rock[J].Journal of Hehai University,2003,31(4):399-402.(in Chinese))
[21]王宏图,李晓红,杨春和,等.准各向同性裂隙岩体中有效动弹性参数与弹性波速关系的研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):873-876.(WANG Hongtu,LI Xiaohong,YANG Chunhe,et al.Influence of cracks on the propagation properties of elastic waves in quasi-isotropic cracked rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):873-876.(in Chinese))
[22]WALSH J B.The effect of cracks on the uniaxial elastic compression of rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1965,70(2):399-411.
[23]张路青,曾庆利,袁广祥,等.高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区工程地质适宜性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:198-218.(ZHANG Luqing,ZENG Qingli,YUAN Guangxiang,et al.Engineering geological suitability evaluation of alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:198-218.(in Chinese))
[24]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DZ/T 0275.2-2015岩矿鉴定技术规范第2部分:岩石薄片制样[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.DZ/T 0275.2-2015 Specification identification of rock and mineral-Part 2:Rock thin section preparation[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.(in Chinese))
[25]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50266-2013工程岩体试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.(The National Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.GB/T 50266-2013 Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[26]岳中琦.岩土细观介质空间分布数字表述和相关力学数值分析的方法、应用和进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):875-888.(YUE Zhongqi.Digital representation of meso-geomaterial spatial distribution and associated numerical analysis of geomechanics:methods,applications and developments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):875-888.(in Chinese))
[27]陈从新,刘秀敏,刘才华.数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增1):53-61.(CHEN Congxin,LIUXiumin,LIU Caihua.Application of digital image processing to rock mesomechanics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):53-61.(in Chinese))
[28]陆兆溱.工程地质学[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:14.(LU Zhaozhen.Engineering geology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2001:14.(in Chinese))
[29]黄达,刘富兴,杨超,等.一种岩体裂隙时效扩展的数值模拟方法及验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1 623-1 633.(HUANG Da,LIU Fuxing,YANG Chao,et al.A numerical simulation method for time-dependent growth of cracks in rocks and its validation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1 623-1 633.(in Chinese))
[30]方恩权,蔡永昌,朱合华.单轴压缩岩石不同边界裂纹扩展数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(1):100-104.(FANGEnquan,CAI Yongchang,ZHU Hehua.Numerical studies of crack propagation in free boundary shape under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(1):100-104.(in Chinese))
[31]王辉,高召宁,孟祥瑞,等.单裂隙岩石在单轴压缩下破坏的数值模拟[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(1):29-32.(WANG Hui,GAOZhaoning,MENG Xiangrui,et al.Numerical simulation of single fracture rock damage under uniaxial compression[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(1):29-32.(in Chinese))
[32]刘晓丽,王思敬,王恩志,等.单轴压缩岩石中缺陷的演化规律及岩石强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 195-1 201.(LIUXiaoli,WANG Sijing,WANG Enzhi,et al.Evolutionary rules of flaws in rock subjected to uniaxial compression and rock strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 195-1 201.(in Chinese))
[33]周火明,杨宇,张宜虎,等.多裂纹岩石单轴压缩渐进破坏过程精细测试[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):465-470.(ZHOUHuoming,YANG Yu,ZHANG Yihu,et al.Fine test on progressive fracturing process of multi-crack rock samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):465-470.(in Chinese))
[34]ZHOU J W,XU W Y,YANG X G.A microcrack damage model for brittle rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2010,37(4):399-405.