不同产区晾晒烟资源多样性的鉴定与评价
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摘要
为提高我国晾晒烟资源利用效率,开发其新的用途,对来源于黄淮、西南、东南、东北、长江中上游等5个产区的93份晾晒烟种质进行了农艺性状调查、化学成分测定以及遗传多样性分析。结果表明,不同种质农艺性状及化学成分含量差异较大。不同性状变异系数在7.60%～70.17%,其中,生育期的变异系数最小,总氯的变异系数最大。烟碱含量在1.20%～8.63%,钾含量在0.91%～4.18%。从580对SSR引物中筛选出43对扩增清晰、重复性和多态性好的引物,共扩增获得多态性条带146个,多态性比例97.99%,Shannon’s指数为0.9379,Nei’s多样性指数为0.5356。聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.50处可将93份晾晒烟种质分为3类。东南烟区群体与黄淮烟区群体遗传相似系数最大,为0.9580,而西南烟区群体与东北烟区群体遗传相似系数最小,为0.7820。因此,93份晾晒烟种质农艺性状、化学成分以及分子遗传多样性丰富,可为晾晒烟资源新用途的开发和利用提供物质基础和理论支持。
In order to improve the utilization efficiency and to develop new utilization approaches of air/sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources, we conducted agronomic trait characterization, chemical composition determination and genetic diversity analyses using 93 air/sun-cured tobacco germplasms grown in five tobacco cultivation areas in China. The results showed that the agronomic traits and chemical components of different germplasms varied greatly. The coefficient of variation ranged from 7.60% to 70.17% in different traits. The coefficient of variation of the growth period is the smallest, and that of the total chlorine is the largest.The nicotine content ranged from 1.20% to 8.63%, and potassium content ranged from 0.91% to 4.18%. In addition, 43 pairs of primers with specific amplification were screened from 580 pairs of SSR primers, and 146 polymorphic bands were obtained, of which the polymorphic ratio was 97.99%. The Shannon's index was 0.9379, Nei's diversity index was 0.5356. The 93 tobacco germplasms were clustered into 3 groups with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.50 by cluster analysis. Germplasms from different cultivation areas in many cases were not clustered together. The genetic consistency between the population in the southwest cultivation area and the Huanghuai cultivation area was 0.9580, while the genetic consistency between the southwest cultivation area and the northeast cultivation area was 0.7820. These results will provide reference for screening and matching the parental germplasms for breeding of excellent mixed cigarette and oral tobacco.
In order to improve the utilization efficiency and to develop new utilization approaches of air/sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources, we conducted agronomic trait characterization, chemical composition determination and genetic diversity analyses using 93 air/sun-cured tobacco germplasms grown in five tobacco cultivation areas in China. The results showed that the agronomic traits and chemical components of different germplasms varied greatly. The coefficient of variation ranged from 7.60% to 70.17% in different traits. The coefficient of variation of the growth period is the smallest, and that of the total chlorine is the largest.The nicotine content ranged from 1.20% to 8.63%, and potassium content ranged from 0.91% to 4.18%. In addition, 43 pairs of primers with specific amplification were screened from 580 pairs of SSR primers, and 146 polymorphic bands were obtained, of which the polymorphic ratio was 97.99%. The Shannon's index was 0.9379, Nei's diversity index was 0.5356. The 93 tobacco germplasms were clustered into 3 groups with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.50 by cluster analysis. Germplasms from different cultivation areas in many cases were not clustered together. The genetic consistency between the population in the southwest cultivation area and the Huanghuai cultivation area was 0.9580, while the genetic consistency between the southwest cultivation area and the northeast cultivation area was 0.7820. These results will provide reference for screening and matching the parental germplasms for breeding of excellent mixed cigarette and oral tobacco.
引文
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[6] 张雪廷,童治军,焦芳婵,等.38 份晾晒烟种质资源遗传关系的SSR 分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(4):653-658.ZHANG X T, TONG Z J, JIAO F C, et al.Genetic relationship analysis of thirty-eight sun/air-cured tobacco germplasms based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)markers[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2013,14(4): 653-658.
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[8] 戴培刚,罗成刚,唐义芝,等.晒晾烟重要农艺性状遗传分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):441-446.DAI P G, LUO C G, TANG Y Z, et al.The genetic analysis of important agronomic traits in sun-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014,15(2): 441-446.
[9] 王志德,王元英,牟建民.烟草种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.WANG Z D, WANG Y Y, MOU J M.Descriptors and data standard for tobacco germplasm[M].Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006.
[10] BINDLER G, PLIESKE J, BAKAHER N, et al.A high density genetic map of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.)obtained from large scale microsatellite marker development[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011,123(2): 219-230.
[11] TONG Z J, JIAO T L, WANG F Q, et al.Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to brown spotin flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)[J].Plant Breeding, 2012, 131: 335-339.
[12] TONG Z J, YANG Z M, CHEN X J, et al.Large-scale development of microsatellite markers in Nicotiana tabacum and construction of a genetic map of flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Breeding, 2012, 131: 674-680.
[13] NEI M.Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1973, 76:5269-5273.
[14] SHANNON C, WEAVE E.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1949.
[15] YEH F C, YANG R C, BOYLE T B.POPGENE, version 1.31: Microsoft window-based freeware for population genetic analysis quick user guide[M].Edmonton:University of Alberta, 1999.
[16] ROHLF F J.NRSYSpc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system(version 2.0)[M].New York:Applied Biostatics Inc, 1988.
[17] 雷丽萍,柴加荣.晒烟品种农艺性状及烟叶质量鉴定[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(12):68-71,116.LEI L P, CHAI J R.Identification of agronomic characters and quality of sun-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(12): 68-71, 116.
[18] 刘岱松,黄凯,吴自友,等.32 个晒晾烟品种资源的聚类分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(23):5785-5787.LIU D S, HUANG K, WU Z Y, et al.Clusteral analysis of 32 sun-cured tobacco germplasm in china[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 52(23): 5785-5787.
[19] 王允白,王宝华,郭承芳,等.影响烤烟评吸质量的主要化学成分研究[J].中国农业科学,1998,31(1):89-91.WANG Y B, WANG B H, GUO C F, et al.Study on the main chemical components related to smoking quality in flue-curred tobacco[J].Scientia Agricultura Siniea, 1998,31(1): 89-91.
[20] 于建军,董高峰,杨寒文,等.四川会理烟区烤烟矿质元素含量与评吸结果的关系分析[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(6):36-40.YU J J, DONG G F, YANG H W, et al.Analysis on relationship between mineral elements content and smoking quality in flue-cured tobacco grown in Huili area[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2009, 15(6): 36-40.
[21] 黄新杰,李章海,王能如,等.中国主要烟区烟叶烟碱含量差异分析[J].湖南农业科学,2006(5):33-36.HUANG X J, LI Z H, WANG N R, et al.Analysis on nicotine content diversity of flue-cured tobacco in major tobacco-planting areas in China[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2006(5): 33-36.
[22] 杨春元,曾吉凡,吴春,等.晾晒烟资源烟叶化学成分和吸食品质的初步分析[J].中国种业,2004(8):29-30.YANG C Y, ZENG J F, WU C, et al.Preliminary analysis of chemical composition and food quality of tobacco leaves in sun-cured tobacco resources[J].Chinese Seed Industry, 2004(8): 29-30.
[23] 何川生,黄学跃,赵丽宏.云南优异地方晾晒烟品种资源评价[J].作物品种资源,1998(4):24-26.HE C S, HUANG X Y, ZHAO L H.Evaluation on the variety resources of sun-cured tobacco in excellent places in Yunnan[J].Crop Germplasm Resources, 1998(4):24-26.
[24] 叶兰钦,辛明明,杜金坤,等.SSR 标记应用于烟草品种遗传多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(1):56-62.YE L Q, XIN M M, DU J K, et al.Genetic diversity revealed by SSR markers of the tobacco cultivars[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Buletin, 2009, 25(1): 56-62.
[25] 徐军,刘艳华,任民,等.普通烟草种质资源的SSR标记和指纹图谱分析[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(2):62-65.XU J, LIU Y H, REN M, et al.SSR fingerprint map analysis of tobacco germplasms[J].Chinese Tobacco Science, 2011, 32(2): 62-65.
[26] 王曼.吉林省23 份晒烟种质资源多样性与亲缘关系的研[D].延边:延边大学,2013.WANG M.Study of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship for 23 sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources in Jilin Province[D].Yanbian: Yanbian University, 2013.
[27] 肖军治,李小湘,黎用朝,等.水稻核心种质和同名异种资源的研究进展[J].杂交水稻,2011,26(3):1-6.XIAO J Z, LI X X, LI Y C, et al.Progress in research of core collections and namesakes of rice genetic resources[J].Hybrid Rice, 2011, 26(3): 1-6.
[28] 刘国祥,邹坤宴,任民,等.33 份晒烟种质资源SSR 标记的指纹图谱构建[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(5):57-64.LIU G X, ZOU K Y, REN M, et al.Construction of SSR markers’ fingerprints of 33 sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2017, 23(5): 57-64.
[2] 颜克亮,曾晓鹰,胡巍耀,等.晾晒烟叶模块在烤烟型卷烟中的应用[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(1):19-25.YAN K L, ZENG X Y, HU W Y, et al.Application of air-cured tobacco leaf's module in virginia type cigarette[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2012, 18(1): 19-25.
[3] 朱贵明.论晒黄烟的品质特点及其开发利用[J].中国烟草科学,1996(4):34-38.ZHU G M.On the quality characteristics and development and utilization of sun-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science, 1996(4): 34-38.
[4] 闫克玉,赵铭钦.烟草原料学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:46-48.YAN K Y, ZHAO M Q.Tobacco raw materials[M].Beijing: Science Press, 2008: 46-48.
[5] 孙学辉,赵乐,王宜鹏,等.无烟气烟草制品的发展现状和趋势[J].烟草科技,2015,48(11):83-90.SUN X H, ZHAO L, WANG Y P, et al.Status quo and development trend of smokeless tobacco products[J].Tobacco Science & Technology, 2015, 48(11): 83-90.
[6] 张雪廷,童治军,焦芳婵,等.38 份晾晒烟种质资源遗传关系的SSR 分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(4):653-658.ZHANG X T, TONG Z J, JIAO F C, et al.Genetic relationship analysis of thirty-eight sun/air-cured tobacco germplasms based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)markers[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2013,14(4): 653-658.
[7] 刘艳华,向德虎,闫宁,等.晒黄烟种质资源遗传多样性分析与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(2):252-256.LIU Y H, XIANG D H, YAN N, et al.Analysis on genetic diversity of yellow sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2016,17(2): 252-256.
[8] 戴培刚,罗成刚,唐义芝,等.晒晾烟重要农艺性状遗传分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):441-446.DAI P G, LUO C G, TANG Y Z, et al.The genetic analysis of important agronomic traits in sun-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014,15(2): 441-446.
[9] 王志德,王元英,牟建民.烟草种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.WANG Z D, WANG Y Y, MOU J M.Descriptors and data standard for tobacco germplasm[M].Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006.
[10] BINDLER G, PLIESKE J, BAKAHER N, et al.A high density genetic map of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.)obtained from large scale microsatellite marker development[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011,123(2): 219-230.
[11] TONG Z J, JIAO T L, WANG F Q, et al.Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to brown spotin flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)[J].Plant Breeding, 2012, 131: 335-339.
[12] TONG Z J, YANG Z M, CHEN X J, et al.Large-scale development of microsatellite markers in Nicotiana tabacum and construction of a genetic map of flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Breeding, 2012, 131: 674-680.
[13] NEI M.Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1973, 76:5269-5273.
[14] SHANNON C, WEAVE E.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1949.
[15] YEH F C, YANG R C, BOYLE T B.POPGENE, version 1.31: Microsoft window-based freeware for population genetic analysis quick user guide[M].Edmonton:University of Alberta, 1999.
[16] ROHLF F J.NRSYSpc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system(version 2.0)[M].New York:Applied Biostatics Inc, 1988.
[17] 雷丽萍,柴加荣.晒烟品种农艺性状及烟叶质量鉴定[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(12):68-71,116.LEI L P, CHAI J R.Identification of agronomic characters and quality of sun-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(12): 68-71, 116.
[18] 刘岱松,黄凯,吴自友,等.32 个晒晾烟品种资源的聚类分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(23):5785-5787.LIU D S, HUANG K, WU Z Y, et al.Clusteral analysis of 32 sun-cured tobacco germplasm in china[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 52(23): 5785-5787.
[19] 王允白,王宝华,郭承芳,等.影响烤烟评吸质量的主要化学成分研究[J].中国农业科学,1998,31(1):89-91.WANG Y B, WANG B H, GUO C F, et al.Study on the main chemical components related to smoking quality in flue-curred tobacco[J].Scientia Agricultura Siniea, 1998,31(1): 89-91.
[20] 于建军,董高峰,杨寒文,等.四川会理烟区烤烟矿质元素含量与评吸结果的关系分析[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(6):36-40.YU J J, DONG G F, YANG H W, et al.Analysis on relationship between mineral elements content and smoking quality in flue-cured tobacco grown in Huili area[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2009, 15(6): 36-40.
[21] 黄新杰,李章海,王能如,等.中国主要烟区烟叶烟碱含量差异分析[J].湖南农业科学,2006(5):33-36.HUANG X J, LI Z H, WANG N R, et al.Analysis on nicotine content diversity of flue-cured tobacco in major tobacco-planting areas in China[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2006(5): 33-36.
[22] 杨春元,曾吉凡,吴春,等.晾晒烟资源烟叶化学成分和吸食品质的初步分析[J].中国种业,2004(8):29-30.YANG C Y, ZENG J F, WU C, et al.Preliminary analysis of chemical composition and food quality of tobacco leaves in sun-cured tobacco resources[J].Chinese Seed Industry, 2004(8): 29-30.
[23] 何川生,黄学跃,赵丽宏.云南优异地方晾晒烟品种资源评价[J].作物品种资源,1998(4):24-26.HE C S, HUANG X Y, ZHAO L H.Evaluation on the variety resources of sun-cured tobacco in excellent places in Yunnan[J].Crop Germplasm Resources, 1998(4):24-26.
[24] 叶兰钦,辛明明,杜金坤,等.SSR 标记应用于烟草品种遗传多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(1):56-62.YE L Q, XIN M M, DU J K, et al.Genetic diversity revealed by SSR markers of the tobacco cultivars[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Buletin, 2009, 25(1): 56-62.
[25] 徐军,刘艳华,任民,等.普通烟草种质资源的SSR标记和指纹图谱分析[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(2):62-65.XU J, LIU Y H, REN M, et al.SSR fingerprint map analysis of tobacco germplasms[J].Chinese Tobacco Science, 2011, 32(2): 62-65.
[26] 王曼.吉林省23 份晒烟种质资源多样性与亲缘关系的研[D].延边:延边大学,2013.WANG M.Study of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship for 23 sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources in Jilin Province[D].Yanbian: Yanbian University, 2013.
[27] 肖军治,李小湘,黎用朝,等.水稻核心种质和同名异种资源的研究进展[J].杂交水稻,2011,26(3):1-6.XIAO J Z, LI X X, LI Y C, et al.Progress in research of core collections and namesakes of rice genetic resources[J].Hybrid Rice, 2011, 26(3): 1-6.
[28] 刘国祥,邹坤宴,任民,等.33 份晒烟种质资源SSR 标记的指纹图谱构建[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(5):57-64.LIU G X, ZOU K Y, REN M, et al.Construction of SSR markers’ fingerprints of 33 sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2017, 23(5): 57-64.