Bacillus thuringiensis P34与海泡石联合阻控蔬菜积累铅和改良土壤的作用
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摘要
本研究为建立微生物-吸附剂联合钝化修复技术,以期为重金属污染农田的修复和蔬菜安全生产提供试验依据。在南京市栖霞区某矿区周边农田开展田间试验,探究了Bacillus thuringiensis P34及海泡石(S)对辣椒(苏椒五号)和茄子(苏琦一号)的生长、Pb积累和营养品质的影响,评估复配处理(P34+S)改良蔬菜根际土壤理化性质的作用。结果表明,与对照相比,海泡石可显著降低蔬菜果实Pb含量,菌株P34和海泡石复配可进一步显著降低辣椒和茄子果实Pb含量(58%和26%)。与对照相比,复配处理可显著使辣椒果实生物量增加1.5倍,改善蔬菜的营养品质,还能提高根际土壤pH、芽孢细菌数量、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,显著降低根际土壤DTPA提取态Pb含量,并显著增加>1 mm团聚体的比例、显著减少<0.25 mm团聚体的比例。将B. thuringiensis P34与海泡石联合施用于Pb污染土壤,可显著阻控茄果类蔬菜积累Pb并提高其营养品质,显著改善根际土壤的理化性质,具有修复Pb污染土壤、保障蔬菜安全生产的潜力。
In this study, a microbe-adsorption immobilization method was used to test the in situ remediation and safe production of vegetables in heavy metal contaminated farmlands. Field experiments were carried out on a lead-contaminated farmland adjacent a mine region in Qixia, Nanjing. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis P34, sepiolite(S). and P34+S treatment on the growth, Pb accumulation, and nutritional quality of eggplants(SQ-I)and peppers(SJ-V), were assessed. The influence of the treatments on the physical and chemical properties of the plant rhizosphere soil was also analyzed. The Pb content of the eggplant and pepper fruits was significantly reduced by sepiolite,compared to the control. Furthermore, the P34+S treatment significantly reduced the Pb content of pepper and eggplant fruits by 58% and 26%, respectively. The biomass and nutritional quality of pepper fruits increased. Notably, the P34+S treatment significantly increased the pH, the number of spore-forming bacteria, the urease-sucrase activities and the amount of >1 mm aggregates in plant rhizosphere soils. On the other hand, it decreased the DTPA-extracted Pb content and the amount of <0.25 mm aggregates in plant rhizosphere soils. Our results show that the synergistic amendment of P34 and sepiolite can be used efficiently to stabilize and reclaim Pb-contaminated farmlands, inducing a low Pb uptake by vegetables and improving soil quality.
In this study, a microbe-adsorption immobilization method was used to test the in situ remediation and safe production of vegetables in heavy metal contaminated farmlands. Field experiments were carried out on a lead-contaminated farmland adjacent a mine region in Qixia, Nanjing. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis P34, sepiolite(S). and P34+S treatment on the growth, Pb accumulation, and nutritional quality of eggplants(SQ-I)and peppers(SJ-V), were assessed. The influence of the treatments on the physical and chemical properties of the plant rhizosphere soil was also analyzed. The Pb content of the eggplant and pepper fruits was significantly reduced by sepiolite,compared to the control. Furthermore, the P34+S treatment significantly reduced the Pb content of pepper and eggplant fruits by 58% and 26%, respectively. The biomass and nutritional quality of pepper fruits increased. Notably, the P34+S treatment significantly increased the pH, the number of spore-forming bacteria, the urease-sucrase activities and the amount of >1 mm aggregates in plant rhizosphere soils. On the other hand, it decreased the DTPA-extracted Pb content and the amount of <0.25 mm aggregates in plant rhizosphere soils. Our results show that the synergistic amendment of P34 and sepiolite can be used efficiently to stabilize and reclaim Pb-contaminated farmlands, inducing a low Pb uptake by vegetables and improving soil quality.
引文
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[2]徐应明,梁学峰,孙国红,等.酸和热处理对海泡石结构及吸附Pb2+、Cd2+性能的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1560-1567.XU Ying-ming,LIANG Xue-feng,SUN Guo-hong,et al.Effects of acid and heating treatments on the structure of sepiolite and its adsorption of lead and cadmium[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(6):1560-1567.
[3]Sun Y,Sun G,Xu Y,et al.Assessment of sepiolite for immobilization of cadmium-contaminated soils[J].Geoderma,2013,194:149-155.
[4]罗涛,黄东风,何盈.土壤重金属钝化剂的筛选及蔬菜降污专用肥应用效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1390-1395.LUO Tao,HUANG Dong-feng,HE Ying.Heavy metal passivators screening and the application effect of special fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution in vegetable[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(4):1390-1395.
[5]Solanki M K,Singh R K,Srivastava S,et al.Isolation and characterization of siderophore producing antagonistic rhizobacteria against Rhizoctonia solani[J].Journal of Basic Microbiol,2014,54:585-597.
[6]Dary M,Chamber-Pérez M A,Palomares A J,et al."In situ"phytostabilisation of heavy metal polluted soils using Lupinus luteus inoculated with metal resistant plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,177:323-330.
[7]Wang X H,Nie Z W,He L Y,et al.Isolation of As-tolerant bacteria and their potentials of reducing As and Cd accumulation of edible tissues of vegetables in metal(loid)-contaminated soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,579:179-189.
[8]Saxena J,Rana G,Pandey M.Impact of addition of biochar along with Bacillus sp.on growth and yield of French beans[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,162:351-356.
[9]Chen L,He L Y,Wang Q,et al.Synergistic effects of plant growth-promoting Neorhizobium huautlense T1-17 and immobilizers on the growth and heavy metal accumulation of edible tissues of hot pepper[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,312:123-131.
[10]Wang Q,Chen L,He L Y,et al.Increased biomass and reduced heavy metal accumulation of edible tissues of vegetable crops in the presence of plant growth-promoting Neorhizobium huautlense T1-17 and biochar[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2016,228:9-18.
[11]刘绍俊,牛英,刘冰浩,等.钼蓝比色法测定沙田柚果肉中还原型维生素C含量的研究[J].北方园艺,2011(1):8-12.LIU Shao-jun,NIU Ying,LIU Bing-hao,et al.Study on determination of the content of reduction-type Vc in Chinese grapefruit′s sarcocarp with phosphomolybdate-blue spectrophotometry[J].Northern Horticulture,2011(1):8-12.
[12]焦洁.考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法测定苜蓿中可溶性蛋白含量[J].农业工程技术,2016,6:33-34.JIAO Jie.Study on determination of soluble protein content in alfalfa with Comus brilliant blue G-250[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2016,6:33-34.
[13]单会娇,王冰.龙葵药材中可溶性糖的动态积累[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(9):100-102.SHAN Hui-jiao,WANG Bing.Solanum nigrum in dynamic accumulation of soluble sugar[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2010,16(9):100-102.
[14]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-276,294-297.GUAN Song-yin.Soil enzyme and its research methods[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986:274-276,294-297.
[15]Li S J,Zhang T,Li J F,et al.Stabilization of Pb(II)accumulated in biomass through phosphate-pretreated pyrolysis at low temperatures[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,324:464-471.
[16]Kemper W D,Rosenau R C.Methods of soil analysis[M]//Part 1:Physical and mineralogical methods.2nded,Madison:America Society of Agronomy,1986:425-442.
[17]方至萍,廖敏,张楠,等.施用海泡石对铅、镉在土壤-水稻系统中迁移与再分配的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):3028-3035.FANG Zhi-ping,LIAO Min,ZHANG Nan,et al.Effect of sepiolite application on the migration and redistribution of Pb and Cd in soil rice system in soil with Pb and Cd combined contamination[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):3028-3035.
[18]Ying M,Rajkumar M,Chang Z,et al.Inoculation of Brassica oxyrrhina with plant growth promoting bacteria for the improvement of heavy metal phytoremediation under drought conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,320:36-44.
[19]Estiken A,Yildiz H E,Ercisli S,et al.Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria(PGPB)on yield,growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124:62-66.
[20]Neiverth A,Delai S,Garcia D M,et al.Performance of different wheat genotypes inoculated with the plant growth promoting bacteriun Herbaspirillun seropedicae[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,64:1-5.
[21]庞海东,贺卓,燕传明,等.耐重金属的植物促生芽孢杆菌筛选及其强化香蒲去除Cd的作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2314-2321.PANG Hai-dong,HE Zhuo,YAN Chuan-ming,et al.Isolation of heavy metal resistant and plant growth promoting Bacillus strains and effects on cadmium removal by Typha angustifolia[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(11):2314-2321.
[22]Wang T,Sun H W,Mao H J,et al.The immobilization of heavy metals in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis 38 assisted by NovoGro biostimulation and changes of soil microbial community[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,278:483-490.
[23]刘晚苟,陈月女,张燕群,等.微生物菌肥及施肥方式对辣椒品质的影响[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(12):5-8.LIU Wan-gou,CHEN Yue-nv,ZHANG Yan-qun,et al.Effects of microbial fertilizer and its application methods on quality of pepper[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2014,34(12):5-8.
[24]韩美哲,王小显,刘常宏,等.苏云金芽孢杆菌菌剂对棉花根际土壤细菌数量及多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1277-1283.HAN Mei-zhe,WANG Xiao-xian,LIU Chang-hong,et al.Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis agent on bacterial population and diversity in cotton rhizosphere soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1277-1283.
[25]尹淑丽,张丽萍,张根伟,等.复合微生态菌剂对黄瓜根际土壤微生物数量及酶活的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2012,32(1):23-27.YIN Shu-li,ZHANG Li-ping,ZHANG Gen-wei,et al.Effects of complex microbial agents on cucumber rhizosphere soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity[J].Journal of Microbiology,2012,32(1):23-27.
[26]武志海,刘晶晶,付丽,等.溶磷菌对大豆根际土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(11):58-67.WU Zhi-hai,LIU Jing-jing,FU Li,et al.Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the soil enzyme activities and microecology of soybean rhizosphere[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(11):58-67.
[27]王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):314-320.WANG Lin,XU Ying-ming,SUN Guo-hong,et al.Effect and mechanism of immobilization of paddy soil contaminated by cadmium and lead using sepiolite and phosphate[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(2):314-320.
[28]刘红娟,张慧,党志.一株耐镉细菌的分离及其富集Cd的机理[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(2):367-371.LIU Hong-juan,ZHANG Hui,DANG Zhi.Isolation and bio-accumulation mechanisms of a Cd-resisting bacterium[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,3(2):367-371.
[29]Cao X,Wahbi A,Ma L,et al.Immobilization of Zn,Cu,and Pb in contaminated soil using phosphate rock and phosphoric acid[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164:555-564.
[30]Touceda-Gonzalez M,Brader G,Antonielli L,et al.Combined amendment of immobilizers and the plant growth-promoting strain Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN favours plant growth and reduces heavy metal uptake[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,91:140-150.
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