岸基GNSS反射信号的波浪多参数反演方法研究
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摘要
针对当前GNSS-R技术利用GNSS海面反射信号仅反演有效波高一个参数的不足,基于直射信号和反射信号构成的复相干场模型,建立海面相关时间与波浪的有效波高和平均波周期的映射模型,给出了基于直射信号多普勒频移、C/A码、导航数据位参数辅助的海面反射信号处理流程和方法,确立了基于GNSS海面反射信号的有效波高和平均波周期反演流程和方法,并在青岛小麦岛海洋观测站进行了岸边实验.实验结果表明,有效波高反演结果的均方误差为0.1 m,平均波周期反演结果的均方误差为0.61 s.所提反演方法对海洋观测新技术研究和新装备制造,及其在我国北斗系统中的应用等扩展领域,都具有明显学术价值和重要意义.
Aiming at the limitation that GNSS-R technique only estimates significant wave height using Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) reflections, a mapping model of ocean surface coherence time and significant wave height and mean wave period is established in this paper, which is based on interferometric complex field(ICF) defined by direct and reflected signals. The processing flow and method of reflection signals assisted with Doppler shift, C/A code and navigation data bits of direct signals are also given in detail. The model and algorithms of retrieving wave direction and wave period using reflections is researched, and then the multi-parameter retrieving model and algorithm is established. Finally, an experiment campaign is carried out to validate the results, the location of which is Xiaomaidao ocean observation station, Qingdao. The experiment results prove that the root-mean-square errors of significant wave height and mean wave period are 0.1 m and 0.61 s, respectively. The research results of this project would have significant academic value and important strategic significance for new technology research and new equipment manufacture of ocean monitoring,the applications to Beidou Navigation Satellite System and other application fields.
Aiming at the limitation that GNSS-R technique only estimates significant wave height using Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) reflections, a mapping model of ocean surface coherence time and significant wave height and mean wave period is established in this paper, which is based on interferometric complex field(ICF) defined by direct and reflected signals. The processing flow and method of reflection signals assisted with Doppler shift, C/A code and navigation data bits of direct signals are also given in detail. The model and algorithms of retrieving wave direction and wave period using reflections is researched, and then the multi-parameter retrieving model and algorithm is established. Finally, an experiment campaign is carried out to validate the results, the location of which is Xiaomaidao ocean observation station, Qingdao. The experiment results prove that the root-mean-square errors of significant wave height and mean wave period are 0.1 m and 0.61 s, respectively. The research results of this project would have significant academic value and important strategic significance for new technology research and new equipment manufacture of ocean monitoring,the applications to Beidou Navigation Satellite System and other application fields.
引文
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[10] PENNA N T,MORALES MAQUEDA M A,MARTIN I,et al.Sea Surface Height Measurement Using a GNSS Wave Glider[J].Geophysical research letters,2018,45:5609-5616.
[11] AUBER J C,BIBAUT A,RIGAL J M.Characterization of multipath on land and sea at GPS frequencies [C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1994).Salt Lake City,1994:1155-1171.
[12] GARRISON J L,KATZBERG S J,HOWELL C.Detection of ocean reflected GPS signals:theory and experiment [C]//IEEE Southeast Conference.Blacksburg,VA,1997:290-294.
[13] SOULAT F,CAPARRINI M,GERMAIN O,et al.Sea state monitoring using coastal GNSS-R[J].Geophysical research letters,2004,31(21):1-4.
[14] 金玲.GNSS-R接收机及有效波高反演方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.JIN L.Research on receiver and inversion method of significant wave height based on GNSS-R[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[15] WANG X,SUN Q,ZHANG X X,et al.First China ocean reflection experiment using coastal GNSS-R [J].Chinese science bulletin,2008,53(7):1117-1120.
[16] WANG X,SUN Q,ZHANG X X,et al.Applications of GPS-R technique for ocean remote sensing:results of coastal experiment in China[C]//IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Technology.Ningbo,2010:1-4.
[17] RUFFINI G,FRANCOIS S.On the GNSS-R interferometric complex field coherence time [J/OL].2004[2018-10-12].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2170858_On_the_GNSS-R_Interferometric_Complex_Field_Coherence_Time
[2] 祁永强,张波,杨东凯,等.GNSS海面反射信号的三维建模方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2018,44(1):125-131.QI Y Q,ZHANG B,YANG D K,et al.Three-dimensional modeling method of GNSS sea surface reflection signal[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2018,44(1):125-131.(in Chinese)
[3] MARTIN-NEIRA M.A passive reflectometry and interferometry system (PARIS):application to ocean altimetry [J].ESA Journal,1993,17(4):331-355.
[4] 杨东凯,刘毅,王峰.星载GNSS-R海面风速反演方法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2018,40(2):462-469.YANG D K,LIU Y,WANG F.Ocean surface wind speed retrieval using spaceborne GNSS-R[J].Journal of electronics & information technology,2018,40(2):462-469.(in Chinese)
[5] 周旋,叶小敏,于暘,等.基于GNSS-R的海面风速探测技术研究[J].电子与信息学报,2013,35(7):1575-1580.ZHOU X,YE X M,YU Y,et al.Sea surface wind speed measurement using GNSS reflection signal[J].Journal of electronics & information technology,2013,35(7):1575-1580.(in Chinese)
[6] 高洪兴,杨东凯,张波,等.基于GNSS卫星反射信号的海冰厚度探测[J].电子与信息学报,2017,39(5):1096-1100.GAO H X,YANG D K,ZHANG B,et al.Remote sensing of sea ice thickness with GNSS reflected signal[J].Journal of electronics & information technology,2017,39(5):1096-1100.(in Chinese)
[7] ZAVOROTNY V U,VORONOVICH A G.GNSS-R delay-Doppler maps of ocean surface at weak winds [C]//IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS).Forth Worth,Texas,2017:2664-2666.
[8] STRANDBERG J,HOBIGER T,HAAS R.Coastal sea ice detection using ground-based GNSS-R[J].IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters,2017,14(9):1552-1556.
[9] YAN Q,HUANG W,FOTI G.Quantification of the relationship between sea surface roughness and the size of the glistening zone for GNSS-R[J].IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters,2018,15(2):237-241.
[10] PENNA N T,MORALES MAQUEDA M A,MARTIN I,et al.Sea Surface Height Measurement Using a GNSS Wave Glider[J].Geophysical research letters,2018,45:5609-5616.
[11] AUBER J C,BIBAUT A,RIGAL J M.Characterization of multipath on land and sea at GPS frequencies [C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1994).Salt Lake City,1994:1155-1171.
[12] GARRISON J L,KATZBERG S J,HOWELL C.Detection of ocean reflected GPS signals:theory and experiment [C]//IEEE Southeast Conference.Blacksburg,VA,1997:290-294.
[13] SOULAT F,CAPARRINI M,GERMAIN O,et al.Sea state monitoring using coastal GNSS-R[J].Geophysical research letters,2004,31(21):1-4.
[14] 金玲.GNSS-R接收机及有效波高反演方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.JIN L.Research on receiver and inversion method of significant wave height based on GNSS-R[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[15] WANG X,SUN Q,ZHANG X X,et al.First China ocean reflection experiment using coastal GNSS-R [J].Chinese science bulletin,2008,53(7):1117-1120.
[16] WANG X,SUN Q,ZHANG X X,et al.Applications of GPS-R technique for ocean remote sensing:results of coastal experiment in China[C]//IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Technology.Ningbo,2010:1-4.
[17] RUFFINI G,FRANCOIS S.On the GNSS-R interferometric complex field coherence time [J/OL].2004[2018-10-12].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2170858_On_the_GNSS-R_Interferometric_Complex_Field_Coherence_Time