黄土区植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响
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摘要
以黄土区延河流域为研究区域,研究了近40a来植被恢复对土壤容重、孔隙度和饱和导水率等13个土壤物理性质指标的影响.结果表明:随着植被恢复年限增加,土壤容重降低,而土壤孔隙度、>0.25mm团聚体含量、持水性和入渗性能等增大.但在40a内对土壤质地无显著影响.植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响随恢复年限的增加而增强,随着土层深度的增加而减弱.土壤的容重、>0.25mm团聚体含量和饱和导水率可作为植被恢复生态效应评价的主要物理指标.由于水分等条件的限制,该区柠条林和草地对土壤物理性质的改善优于刺槐林,建议该区植被恢复应以营造次生灌木林和草地为主.
Extensive vegetation restoration has been implemented to control severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, China.Studying the effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties in loess area is of great significance for revealing therelationship between vegetation restoration and changes in soil properties and regional hydrological regimes. It is also important forassessing ecological benefits of vegetation restoration accurately. This study investigated the effects of vegetation restoration onchanges to soil physical properties shown by 13 indices(e.g., soil bulk density, porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) in twosmall watersheds(Zhifanggou and Fangta) in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province. Results showed that vegetation recovery significantlyreduced soil bulk density while increased soil porosity, aggregates content(>0.25 mm), water holding capacity and permeability. Inthe short term(40 a), the effects of vegetation restoration on soil texture was non-significant. The effects of vegetation restoration onsoil physical properties increased with time and decreased with soil depth. Results showed that indices including bulk density,aggregates content(>0.25 mm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity were good indicators for evaluation the effects of vegetationrestoration on changes to soil physical properties. Due to low soil moisture content, the improvement of soil physical properties byrestoration of caragana intermedia and grasslands in this area were better than that of Robinia pseudoacacias. Vegetation restorationin this area should give priority to the construction of secondary shrubbery and grassland.
Extensive vegetation restoration has been implemented to control severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, China.Studying the effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties in loess area is of great significance for revealing therelationship between vegetation restoration and changes in soil properties and regional hydrological regimes. It is also important forassessing ecological benefits of vegetation restoration accurately. This study investigated the effects of vegetation restoration onchanges to soil physical properties shown by 13 indices(e.g., soil bulk density, porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) in twosmall watersheds(Zhifanggou and Fangta) in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province. Results showed that vegetation recovery significantlyreduced soil bulk density while increased soil porosity, aggregates content(>0.25 mm), water holding capacity and permeability. Inthe short term(40 a), the effects of vegetation restoration on soil texture was non-significant. The effects of vegetation restoration onsoil physical properties increased with time and decreased with soil depth. Results showed that indices including bulk density,aggregates content(>0.25 mm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity were good indicators for evaluation the effects of vegetationrestoration on changes to soil physical properties. Due to low soil moisture content, the improvement of soil physical properties byrestoration of caragana intermedia and grasslands in this area were better than that of Robinia pseudoacacias. Vegetation restorationin this area should give priority to the construction of secondary shrubbery and grassland.
引文
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[2]胡婵娟,郭雷.植被恢复的生态效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1640-1646.Hu Chanjuan,Guo Lei.Advances in the research of ecological effects of vegetation restoration[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(9):1640-1646.
[3]Li Y Y,Shao M A.Change of soil physical properties under long-term natural vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,64(1):77-96.
[4]Jiao F,Wen Z M,An S S.Changes in soil properties across a chronosequence of vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2011,86(2):110-116.
[5]赵世伟,赵勇钢,吴金水.黄土高原植被演替下土壤孔隙的定量分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(2):223-231.Zhao Shiwei,Zhao Yonggang,Wu Jinshui.Quantitative analysis of soil pores under natural vegetation successions on the Loess Plateau[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2010,40(2):223-231.
[6]Cheng M,Xiang Y,Xue Z,et al.Soil aggregation and intra-aggregate carbon fractions in relation to vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2015,124(1):77-84.
[7]Gasch C,Huzurbazar S,Stahl P.Measuring soil disturbance effects and assessing soil restoration success by examining distributions of soil properties[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,76(76):102-111.
[8]付标,齐雁冰,常庆瑞.不同植被重建管理方式对沙质草地土壤及植被性质的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):47-54.Fu Biao,Qi Yanbing,Chang Qingrui.Effect of different revegetation management methods on the soil and vegetation characteristic of degraded sandy grassland[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(1):47-54.
[9]温仲明,焦峰,刘宝元,等.黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):21-25.Wen Zhongming,Jiao Feng,Liu Baoyuan,et al.Natural vegetation restoration and soil nutrient dynamics of abandoned farmlands in forest-steppe zone on Loess Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(11):21-25.
[10]于寒青,李勇,金发会,等.黄土高原植被恢复提高大于0.25mm粒级水稳性团聚体在土壤增碳中的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):876-883.Yu Hanqing,Li Yong,Jin Fahui,et al.The role of increasing soil water-stable aggregates with diameter>0.25mm by vegetation restoration in enhancement of soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2012,18(4):876-883.
[11]于海云,高美兰.黄土高原地区不同退耕还林模式改善土壤物理特性研究[J].内蒙古水利,2009,2(3):9-11.Yu Haiyun,Gao Meilan.Study on improvement of soil physical properties by different patterns of conversion of farmland to forests in Loess Plateau[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2009,2(3):9-11.
[12]杨凤群,齐雁冰,常庆瑞,等.农牧交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):57-62.Yang Fengqun,Qi Yanbing,Chang Qingrui,et al.Effect of vegetation recovery on soil physical properties in agro-pastoral transitional zone[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(2):57-62.
[13]丁文峰,丁登山.黄土高原植被破坏前后土壤团粒结构分形特征[J].地理研究,2002,21(6):700-706.Ding Wenfeng,Ding Dengshan.The fractal features of soil granule structure before and after vegetation destruction on Loess Plateau[J].Geographical Research,2002,21(6):700-706.
[14]王子龙,赵勇钢,赵世伟,等.退耕典型草地土壤饱和导水率及其影响因素研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1254-1262.Wang Zilong,Zhao Yonggang,Zhao Shiwei,et al.Study on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influencing factors in typical grassland of farmland conversion[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(6):1254-1262.
[15]张笑培.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被恢复生态效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.Zhang Xiaopei.Research on the Ecological effects of vegetation restoration in hilly and gully regions of Loess Plateau[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2008
[16]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:466-532.
[17]许明祥,刘国彬,卜崇峰,等.圆盘入渗仪法测定不同利用方式土壤渗透性试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):54-58.Xu Mingxiang,Liu Guobin,Bu Chongfeng,et al.Experimental study on soil infiltration characteristics using disc permeameter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(4):54-58.
[18]姚毓菲,邵明安.测定时间对定水头法土壤饱和导水率的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):327-333.Yao Yufei,Shao Ming-an.Effect of measure time on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity by constant head method[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(2):327-333.
[19]郑纪勇,邵明安,张兴昌.黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):53-56.Zheng Jiyong,Shao Ming-an,Zhang Xingchang.Spatial variation of surface soils bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on slope in Loess Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(3):53-56.
[20]Yoder R E.A Direct Method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses[J].Journal of the American Society of Agronomy,1936.
[21]Lebissonnais Y.Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility.1.Theory and methodology[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1996,47(4):425-437.
[22]李裕元,邵明安,陈洪松,等.水蚀风蚀交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4306-4316.Li Yuyuan,Shao Ming-an,Chen Hongsong,et al.Impacts of vegetation recovery on soil physical properties in the cross area of wind-water erosion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(16):4306-4316.
[23]易小波,邵明安,赵春雷,等.黄土高原南北样带不同土层土壤容重变异分析与模拟[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):198-205.Yi Xiaobo,Shao Ming-an,Zhao Chunlei,et al.Variation analysis and simulation of soil bulk density within different soil depths along south to north transect of loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):198-205.
[24]葛芳红,周正朝,刘俊娥,等.黄土丘陵区4种典型植物根系分布特征及对土壤分离速率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):164-169.Ge Fanghong,Zhou Zhengchao,Liu Jun-e,et al.Distribution characteristics of root and their effect on soil separation rate of four typical plants in loess hilly region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(6):164-169.
[25]吴彦,刘世全,付秀琴,等.植物根系提高土壤水稳性团粒含量的研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,(1):46-50.Wu Yan,Liu Shiquan,Fu Xiuqin,et al.Study on improving soil's waterstable aggregates amounts by botanic roots[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1997,(1):46-50.
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