杂交稻7个米质性状的变异及相关性分析
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摘要
以10个杂交水稻组合为材料,通过重庆(璧山、沙坪坝)和海南(陵水)不同年份不同地点的2 a6点(次)种植,分析了7个品质性状的变异和各品质性状间的相关性。结果表明,杂交组合在不同点(次)之间精米率、整精米率和糙米率的变异系数较小,垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量的变异系数较大;不同杂交组合之间糙米率、精米率和整精米率的变异系数较小,垩白度、垩白粒率和垩白大小的变异系数均超过50%。经主成分分析,垩白度因子、糙米率因子和垩白粒率因子为影响稻米品质的3个主成分因子,三者对稻米品质的累积贡献率达90.307%。相关分析表明,精米率与糙米率呈极显著正相关,垩白度与垩白粒率和垩白大小呈极显著正相关,整精米率与垩白大小呈显著负相关。通过聚类分析,参试的10个杂交组合被分为4类,不同类别杂交组合间品质性状的差异与亲本的亲缘关系有关。为提升稻米品质,首先应侧重于垩白性状的改良,其次可通过提高糙米率、整精米率和直链淀粉含量,实现稻米品质的整体改善。
Using ten rice hybrids planted at six locations(times) of two years as the materials, the variation and correlation of seven grain quality traits were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficients of rice hybrids in the rates of milled rice, head rice and brown rice were smaller but those in the traits of chalky rice rate, chalkiness and amylose content were greater among different locations(times); the variation coefficients in the rates of brown rice, milled rice and head rice were smaller but those in the traits of chalkiness, chalky rice rate and chalky size were all greater than 50% among different rice hybrids. By principal component analysis, the chalkiness factor, brown rice factor and chalky rice factor were three principal components, occupying 90.307% of accumulative contribution, to affect grain quality. The correlation analysis showed that there existed a very significant positive correlation between milled rice rate and brown rice rate, of chalkiness to chalky rice rate and chalky size, while there was a significant negative correlation between head rice rate and chalky size. Ten tested rice hybrids were divided into four groups by the cluster analysis, and the difference in grain quality traits between different groups of rice hybrids were related to their parents.To improve rice grain quality, firstly, the traits of grain chalk should be decreased. Secondly, increasing brown rice rate,head rice rate and amylose content could also be conducive to improve grain quality.
Using ten rice hybrids planted at six locations(times) of two years as the materials, the variation and correlation of seven grain quality traits were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficients of rice hybrids in the rates of milled rice, head rice and brown rice were smaller but those in the traits of chalky rice rate, chalkiness and amylose content were greater among different locations(times); the variation coefficients in the rates of brown rice, milled rice and head rice were smaller but those in the traits of chalkiness, chalky rice rate and chalky size were all greater than 50% among different rice hybrids. By principal component analysis, the chalkiness factor, brown rice factor and chalky rice factor were three principal components, occupying 90.307% of accumulative contribution, to affect grain quality. The correlation analysis showed that there existed a very significant positive correlation between milled rice rate and brown rice rate, of chalkiness to chalky rice rate and chalky size, while there was a significant negative correlation between head rice rate and chalky size. Ten tested rice hybrids were divided into four groups by the cluster analysis, and the difference in grain quality traits between different groups of rice hybrids were related to their parents.To improve rice grain quality, firstly, the traits of grain chalk should be decreased. Secondly, increasing brown rice rate,head rice rate and amylose content could also be conducive to improve grain quality.
引文
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[13]全国明,章家恩,许荣宝,等.环境生态因子对稻米品质的影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(4):158-162.
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[15]程方民,钟连进.不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(3):187-191.
[16]孟维韧,全成哲,刘方明,等.不同水稻品种(系)稻米品质性状分析[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(2):361-362.
[17]李于.黑龙江省近年来审定水稻品种品质性状分析[J].北方水稻,2017,47(4):17-19.
[18]陈建国,朱军.籼粳交稻米品质性状的遗传相关分析[J].湖北大学学报,1998,20(3):288-290.
[19]刘华招.寒地不同积温区水稻品质性状比较及其相互关系[J].中国稻米,2013,19(3):29-30,32.
[2]吴绍洪,李荣生.中国耕地与未来30年食物需求、保障及对策[J].地理科学进展,2002(2):121-129.
[3]王彤,阙补超,夏明,等.水稻产量和品质的研究进展[J].北方水稻,2017,47(2):51-55.
[4]何平,李仕贵,李晶炤,等.影响稻米品质几个性状的基因座位分析[J].科学通报,1998,8(16):1 747-1 750.
[5]黄祖六,谭学林,TRAGOONRUNGS,等.稻米直链淀粉含量基因座位的分子标记定位[J].作物学报,2000(6):777-782.
[6]BAO J S, WU Y R, HU B, et al. QTL for rice grain quality based on a DH population derived from parents with similar apparent amylose content[J]. Euphytica, 2002,128(3):317-324.
[7]孟维韧,王伯伦,冯越,等.栽培措施对“沈稻9号”产量和品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(6):681-687,693.
[8]肖昕,陈奕,谢新华,等.利用流动注射仪测定稻米直链淀粉含量的研究[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2004(1):46-49.
[9]徐大勇,方兆伟,王学红,等.不同穗型粳稻品种产量和品质性状的比较分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2004,5(3):276-280.
[10]徐正进,韩勇,袁国军,等.东北三省水稻品质性状比较研究[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(5):531-534.
[11]雷东阳,谢放鸣,陈立云.杂交水稻稻米外观品质性状间相关性及遗传分析[J].农业现代化究,2010,31(2):212-215.
[12]李一博,赵雷.水稻品质性状的遗传改良及其关键科学问题[J].生命科学,2016,10(28):1 168-1 179.
[13]全国明,章家恩,许荣宝,等.环境生态因子对稻米品质的影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(4):158-162.
[14]王惠贞,吴瑞芬,李丹.稻米品质形成和调控机理概述[J].中国稻米,2016(1):10-13.
[15]程方民,钟连进.不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(3):187-191.
[16]孟维韧,全成哲,刘方明,等.不同水稻品种(系)稻米品质性状分析[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(2):361-362.
[17]李于.黑龙江省近年来审定水稻品种品质性状分析[J].北方水稻,2017,47(4):17-19.
[18]陈建国,朱军.籼粳交稻米品质性状的遗传相关分析[J].湖北大学学报,1998,20(3):288-290.
[19]刘华招.寒地不同积温区水稻品质性状比较及其相互关系[J].中国稻米,2013,19(3):29-30,32.