佩戴时长和空气质量对口罩细菌污染影响的实验研究
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摘要
目的探究佩戴时长和空气质量对口罩细菌污染的影响,同时调查普通人群口罩佩戴情况,为人们正确使用口罩提供参考。方法招募45名健康志愿者,分组佩戴不同类型口罩及佩戴天数,记录每日气温及空气质量指数,检测口罩大肠菌群和细菌菌落总数。在成都市两个地铁站口观察并访谈路人,了解人群口罩佩戴情况。结果共检测口罩51只(45只实验口罩+6只空白口罩),均未检出大肠菌群; 3种口罩细菌数量随佩戴天数增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系(相关系数r分别为0. 954、0. 899、0. 943,P <0. 05);细菌总数较高的口罩,佩戴过程中的平均空气质量指数较高;口罩细菌菌落总数与气温无明显相关。共计观察了489人口罩佩戴情况,正确使用者占29. 45%,随机访谈的100名口罩佩戴者中,94人有访谈所提及的口罩使用不当或认知错误。结论人们在口罩的佩戴、保存方式及使用时长上缺乏足够认识,正确使用率不高;选择合理的佩戴时长有助于减少口罩细菌污染;空气质量可能是口罩上细菌滋生的影响因素。
Objective To explore the effect of wearing duration and air quality on bacterial contamination status of masks,and to investigate the patterns in using masks,so as to provide scientific evidences for wearing masks correctly. Methods Forty-five healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to wear different kinds of masks with different wearing durations.The city's daily air temperature and air quality index( AQI) were recorded,and the Coliform contamination and the total bacteria count of samples were detected. Observational study and interviews were carried out at two subway stations in Chengdu to investigate the patterns in using masks and related perceptions. Results Fifty-one masks were tested( 45 experimental ones and 6 blank ones),and no coliform bacteria were detected. As the days of wearing prolonged,the total bacteria count increased,which were positively correlated with the wearing days( r = 0. 954,0. 899,0. 943,respectively,P < 0. 05). The mean AQI of the group with a higher total bacteria count was higher. There was no significant correlation between bacterial count and temperature in three groups. The observational results showed that 70. 55% of the 489 respondents were wearing masks incorrectly,and 94 of the 100 randomly selected and interviewed admitted they had improper behaviors or incorrect perceptions of wearing masks when interviewed. Conclusion People lack the proper perceptions of usage,storage and wearing duration of masks,and most people do not wear masks correctly. The reasonable wearing duration is important to reduce the bacterial contamination of masks,and air quality may be one of the factors affecting the growth of bacteria.
Objective To explore the effect of wearing duration and air quality on bacterial contamination status of masks,and to investigate the patterns in using masks,so as to provide scientific evidences for wearing masks correctly. Methods Forty-five healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to wear different kinds of masks with different wearing durations.The city's daily air temperature and air quality index( AQI) were recorded,and the Coliform contamination and the total bacteria count of samples were detected. Observational study and interviews were carried out at two subway stations in Chengdu to investigate the patterns in using masks and related perceptions. Results Fifty-one masks were tested( 45 experimental ones and 6 blank ones),and no coliform bacteria were detected. As the days of wearing prolonged,the total bacteria count increased,which were positively correlated with the wearing days( r = 0. 954,0. 899,0. 943,respectively,P < 0. 05). The mean AQI of the group with a higher total bacteria count was higher. There was no significant correlation between bacterial count and temperature in three groups. The observational results showed that 70. 55% of the 489 respondents were wearing masks incorrectly,and 94 of the 100 randomly selected and interviewed admitted they had improper behaviors or incorrect perceptions of wearing masks when interviewed. Conclusion People lack the proper perceptions of usage,storage and wearing duration of masks,and most people do not wear masks correctly. The reasonable wearing duration is important to reduce the bacterial contamination of masks,and air quality may be one of the factors affecting the growth of bacteria.
引文
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[2] Smith JD,Macdougall CC,Johnstone J,et al. Effectiveness of N95respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection:a systematic review and metaanalysis[J]. CMAJ:Canadian Medical Association Journal,2016,188(8):567-574.
[3] Ramirez J,O’shaughnessy P. Filter penetration and breathing resistance evaluation of respirators and dust masks[J]. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2017,14(2):148-157.
[4]王睿,曾强,刘洪亮.医务人员佩戴口罩情况与感染呼吸道传染病关系的Meta分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(3):269-270.
[5]卢玮. N95型口罩与医用口罩对细菌滤过性能的对比研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[6]禚逸凡,乔瑞华,李真,等.口罩使用时间对其雾霾防护效果的影响[J].探索科学,2016(11):119-120.
[7]刘芳,刘桦.基层医院医护人员医用口罩卫生现状的调查分析[J].当代护士(学术版),2010(11):65-66.
[8]鲜于云艳,彼得里尼.医护人员口罩使用行为与污染状况的相关性分析[J].中华现代护理杂志,2015(9):1072-1075.
[9]邹自英,朱冰,曾平,等.一次性医用防护口罩不同佩戴时间的细菌学评价[J].西南国防医药,2007(6):826-827.
[10]王玉华,王爱兰,李元国.护士戴口罩细菌污染情况调查分析[J].中国实用护理杂志,2006,22(27):59-60.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 32610-2016日常防护型口罩技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[12]司恒波.微生物气溶胶与大气细颗粒物的相关性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.
[13]孙平勇,刘雄伦,刘金灵,等.空气微生物的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):336-340.