基于PIV技术分析颗粒在湍流边界层中的行为
|
摘要
采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)在平板湍流边界层内开展实验研究,对比颗粒相及单相液体的平均速度剖面、湍流强度、雷诺应力等湍流统计量,分析颗粒在湍流边界层中的行为.利用空间多尺度局部平均涡量的概念提取壁湍流发卡涡展向涡头(顺向涡)并统计其数量规律,得到不同法向位置处顺向涡周围流向脉动速度及流线的空间拓扑结构,比较分析顺向涡发展程度及周围的湍流相干结构.结果发现:与清水工况相比,颗粒相湍流边界层的缓冲层变薄、对数律区下移,湍流强度得到增强,雷诺应力在对数律区有所增大;颗粒的流向脉动速度在展向涡周围的分布与清水工况不同,颗粒能够被流体展向涡周围的猝发过程有效传递;颗粒相的顺向涡涡核较大,且随着法向位置的升高逐渐发展完整,涡和条带在流向上拉伸得更长;同时发现在两种工况下,顺向涡的左下方始终存在一个逆向涡,颗粒相逆向涡的形成弱于单相流体;两种工况下的顺向涡数量均随着法向位置的升高而减少,最后逐渐趋于稳定.
The particle image velocimetry(PIV) is used to conduct experimental research in the solid-liquid two-phase plane turbulent boundary layer. The turbulence statistics such as the average velocity profile, turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress of the particle phase and single-phase clean water are compared to analyze the behavior of the particles in the turbulent boundary layer. The concept of multi-scale spatial locally-averaged vortices is utilized to extract the spatial topologies of the spanwise vortex head and the statistic of the prograde vortex is acquired. From that, the spatial topologies of the fluctuating velocity and streamlines around the prograde vortex at different normal positions can be obtained. The degree of development of the prograde vortex and the surrounding turbulence coherence structure can be compared and analyzed. The results show that compared with the clean water conditions, the buffer layer of the turbulentboundary layer of the particle phase becomes thinner, the logarithmic region moves downward, the turbulence intensity is enhanced, and the Reynolds stress in the logarithmic law region is increased. The fluctuating velocity of the particle phase is different from the clear water condition around the vortex, and the particles can be effectively transferred by the burst process around the spanwise vortex. The particle-laden flow has a large prograde vortex core and develops as the normal position rises. The vortex and the band stretch longer in the flow direction. At the same time, it is found that there is always a retrograde vortex in the lower left of the prograde vortex under both conditions, and the formation of retrograde vortex in the particle-laden flow is weaker than that of single-phase fluids. The number of prograde vortices in both conditions decreases with the increase of the normal position, and finally gradually stabilizes.
The particle image velocimetry(PIV) is used to conduct experimental research in the solid-liquid two-phase plane turbulent boundary layer. The turbulence statistics such as the average velocity profile, turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress of the particle phase and single-phase clean water are compared to analyze the behavior of the particles in the turbulent boundary layer. The concept of multi-scale spatial locally-averaged vortices is utilized to extract the spatial topologies of the spanwise vortex head and the statistic of the prograde vortex is acquired. From that, the spatial topologies of the fluctuating velocity and streamlines around the prograde vortex at different normal positions can be obtained. The degree of development of the prograde vortex and the surrounding turbulence coherence structure can be compared and analyzed. The results show that compared with the clean water conditions, the buffer layer of the turbulentboundary layer of the particle phase becomes thinner, the logarithmic region moves downward, the turbulence intensity is enhanced, and the Reynolds stress in the logarithmic law region is increased. The fluctuating velocity of the particle phase is different from the clear water condition around the vortex, and the particles can be effectively transferred by the burst process around the spanwise vortex. The particle-laden flow has a large prograde vortex core and develops as the normal position rises. The vortex and the band stretch longer in the flow direction. At the same time, it is found that there is always a retrograde vortex in the lower left of the prograde vortex under both conditions, and the formation of retrograde vortex in the particle-laden flow is weaker than that of single-phase fluids. The number of prograde vortices in both conditions decreases with the increase of the normal position, and finally gradually stabilizes.
引文
1岳湘安.液-固两相流基础.北京:石油工业出版社,1996(Yue Xian’an Foundation of Liquid-solid Two-phase Flow.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996(in Chinese))
2白静,方红卫,何国建等.细颗粒泥沙净冲刷和输移的大涡模拟研究.力学学报,2017,49(1):65-74(Bai Jing,Fang Hongwei,He Guojian,et al.Numerical simulation of erosion and transport of fine sediments by large eddy simulation.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):65-74(in Chinese))
3 Gore RA,Crowe CT.Effect of particle size on modulating turbulent intensity.International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1989,15(2):279-285
4张培杰,林建忠.非牛顿流体固粒悬浮流的若干问题.力学学报,2017,49(3):543-549(Zhang Peijie,Lin Jianzhong.Review of some researches on suspension of solid particle in non-Newtonian fluid.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(3):543-549(in Chinese))
5王殿常,禹明忠,王兴奎.明槽水流中颗粒运动特性的试验研究.应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(3):301-309(Wang Dianchang,Yu Mingzhong,Wang Xingkiu.Experimental study on particle movement characteristics in water flow in open channel.Journal of Applied Basic and Engineering Sciences,2000,8(3):301-309(in Chinese))
6陈荣前,聂德明.椭圆颗粒在剪切流中旋转特性的数值研究.力学学报,2017,49(2):257-267(Chen Rongqian,Nie Deming.Numerical study on the rotation of an elliptical particle in shear flow.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(2):257-267(in Chinese))
7刘青泉.水-沙两相流的激光多普勒分相测量和试验研究.泥沙研究,1998(2):72-80(Liu Qingquan.LDV measurments and experimental study of water and sediment two-phase flow.Sediment Research,1998(2):72-80(in Chinese))
8禹明忠.PTV技术和颗粒三维运动规律的研究.[博士论文].北京:清华大学,2002(Yu Mingzhong.Study on PTV technique and3-D movement of particles.[PhD Thesis].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2002(in Chinese))
9宋晓阳,及春宁,许栋.明渠湍流边界层中颗粒的运动与分布.力学学报,2015,47(2):231-241(Song Xiaoyang,Ji Chunning,Xu Dong.Distribution and motion of particles in the turbulent boundary layer of channel flow.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2015,47(2):231-241(in Chinese))
10林建忠,王灿星.研究两相流中固粒对流体湍动特性影响的新方法.工程热物理学报,1997(4):497-501(Lin Jianzhong,Wang Canxing.A new method of studying the effect of particles on the turbulent properties.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1997(4):497-501(in Chinese))
11 Deshmukh A,Vasava V,Patankar A,et al.Particle velocity distribution in a flow of gas-solid mixture through a horizontal channel.Powder Technology,2016,298:119-129
12 Muste M,Patel VC.Velocity profiles for particles and liquid in openchannel flow with suspended sediment.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997,123(9):742-751
13 Righetti M,Romano GP.Particle-fluid interactions in a plane nearwall turbulent flow.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2004,505(505):93-121
14 Wang J,Levy EK.Particle motions and distributions in turbulent boundary layer of air-particle flow past a vertical flat plate.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2003,27(8):845-853
15 Wang J,Levy EK.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer of a dilute gas-particle flow past a flat plate.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2006,30(5):473-483
16王汉封,栗晶,柳朝晖等.水平槽道内气固两相湍流中颗粒行为的PIV实验研究.实验流体力学,2012,26(3):38-44(Wang Hanfeng,Li Jing,Liu ZH,et al.PIV experimental study of particle behavior in gas-solid two-phase turbulence in a horizontal channel.Experimental Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(3):38-44(in Chinese))
17 Sumer BM,Deigaard R.Particle motions near the bottom in turbulent flow in an open channel.Part 2.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,109(109):311-337
18 Sumer BM,Oguz B.Particle motions near the bottom in turbulent flow in an open channel.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,86(1):109-127
19 Li D,Luo K,Fan J.Particle statistics in a two-way coupled turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate.Powder Technology,2017,305:250-259
20 Vinkovic I,Doppler D,Lelouvetel J,et al.Direct numerical simulation of particle interaction with ejections in turbulent channel flows.International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2011,37(2):187-197
21 Marchioli C,Soldati A.Mechanisms for particle transfer and segregation in a turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2002,468(468):283-315
22吴文权,黄远东.液固两相流中流体旋涡对固体粒子运动影响的数值研究.工程热物理学报,1999,20(3):365-369(Wu Wenquan,Huang Yuandong.A numerical study of the effect of fluid vortex on solid particle motion in liquid-solid two-phase flow.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1999,20(3):365-369(in Chinese))
23黄远东,吴文权.非定常不稳定液固两相流动中旋涡对颗粒运动影响的数值研究.水科学进展,2002,13(1):1-8(Huang Yuandong,Wu Wenquan.Numerical study of the effect of vortices on particle motion in unsteady and unstable liquid-solid two-phase flow.Advances in Water Science,2002,13(1):1-8(in Chinese))
24 Dritselis CD,Vlachos NS.Numerical study of educed coherent structures in the near-wall region of a particle-laden channel flow.Physics of Fluids,2008,20(5):69
25 Richter DH,Sullivan PP.Modification of near-wall coherent structures by inertial particles.Physics of Fluids,2014,26(10):407-432
26陈启刚,李丹勋,钟强等.基于模式匹配法的明渠紊流涡结构分析.水科学进展,2013,24(1):95-102(Chen Qigang,Li Danxun,Zhong Qiang,et al.Analysis of turbulent eddy structure in open channel based on pattern matching method.Progress in Water Science,2013,24(1):95-102(in Chinese))
27 Hambleton WT,Hutchins N,Marusic I.Simultaneous orthogonalplane particle image velocimetry measurements in a turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,560(560):53-64
28苏健,田海平,姜楠.逆向涡对超疏水壁面减阻影响的TRPIV实验研究.力学学报,2016,48(5):1033-1039(Su Jian,Tian Haiping,Jiang Nan.TRPIV experimental investigation of the effect of retrograde vortex on drag-reduction mechanism over superhydrophobic surfaces.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(5):1033-1039(in Chinese))
29 Kaftori D,Hetsroni G,Banerjee S.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer.I.Motion,deposition,and entrainment.Physics of Fluids,1995,7(5):1095-1106
30 Kaftori D,Hetsroni G,Banerjee S.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer.II.Velocity and distribution profiles.Physics of Fluids,1995,7(5):1107-1121
31 Elghobashi S.On predicting particle-laden turbulent flows.Applied Scientific Research,1994,52(4):309-329
32姜楠,管新蕾,于培宁.雷诺应力各向异性涡黏模型的层析TR-PIV测量.力学学报,2012,44(2):213-221(Jiang Nan,Guan Xinlei,Yu Peining.Tomography TRPIV measurement of the anisotropic eddy viscosity model of Reynolds stress.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2012,44(2):213-221(in Chinese))
33姜楠,于培宁,管新蕾.湍流边界层相干结构空间拓扑形态的层析TRPIV测量.航空动力学报,2012,27(5):1113-1121(Jiang Nan,Yu Peining,Guan Xinlei.Tomographic TRPIV measurement of spatial topological morphology of coherent structures in turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Aeronautical Power,2012,27(5):1113-1121(in Chinese))
34 Adrian RJ,Meinhart CD,Tomkins CD.Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2000,422(422):1-54
35 ElsingA GE,Marusic I.Lifetimes of flow topology in a turbulent boundary layer.Physics of Fluids,2010,22(1):457-82
2白静,方红卫,何国建等.细颗粒泥沙净冲刷和输移的大涡模拟研究.力学学报,2017,49(1):65-74(Bai Jing,Fang Hongwei,He Guojian,et al.Numerical simulation of erosion and transport of fine sediments by large eddy simulation.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):65-74(in Chinese))
3 Gore RA,Crowe CT.Effect of particle size on modulating turbulent intensity.International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1989,15(2):279-285
4张培杰,林建忠.非牛顿流体固粒悬浮流的若干问题.力学学报,2017,49(3):543-549(Zhang Peijie,Lin Jianzhong.Review of some researches on suspension of solid particle in non-Newtonian fluid.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(3):543-549(in Chinese))
5王殿常,禹明忠,王兴奎.明槽水流中颗粒运动特性的试验研究.应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(3):301-309(Wang Dianchang,Yu Mingzhong,Wang Xingkiu.Experimental study on particle movement characteristics in water flow in open channel.Journal of Applied Basic and Engineering Sciences,2000,8(3):301-309(in Chinese))
6陈荣前,聂德明.椭圆颗粒在剪切流中旋转特性的数值研究.力学学报,2017,49(2):257-267(Chen Rongqian,Nie Deming.Numerical study on the rotation of an elliptical particle in shear flow.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(2):257-267(in Chinese))
7刘青泉.水-沙两相流的激光多普勒分相测量和试验研究.泥沙研究,1998(2):72-80(Liu Qingquan.LDV measurments and experimental study of water and sediment two-phase flow.Sediment Research,1998(2):72-80(in Chinese))
8禹明忠.PTV技术和颗粒三维运动规律的研究.[博士论文].北京:清华大学,2002(Yu Mingzhong.Study on PTV technique and3-D movement of particles.[PhD Thesis].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2002(in Chinese))
9宋晓阳,及春宁,许栋.明渠湍流边界层中颗粒的运动与分布.力学学报,2015,47(2):231-241(Song Xiaoyang,Ji Chunning,Xu Dong.Distribution and motion of particles in the turbulent boundary layer of channel flow.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2015,47(2):231-241(in Chinese))
10林建忠,王灿星.研究两相流中固粒对流体湍动特性影响的新方法.工程热物理学报,1997(4):497-501(Lin Jianzhong,Wang Canxing.A new method of studying the effect of particles on the turbulent properties.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1997(4):497-501(in Chinese))
11 Deshmukh A,Vasava V,Patankar A,et al.Particle velocity distribution in a flow of gas-solid mixture through a horizontal channel.Powder Technology,2016,298:119-129
12 Muste M,Patel VC.Velocity profiles for particles and liquid in openchannel flow with suspended sediment.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997,123(9):742-751
13 Righetti M,Romano GP.Particle-fluid interactions in a plane nearwall turbulent flow.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2004,505(505):93-121
14 Wang J,Levy EK.Particle motions and distributions in turbulent boundary layer of air-particle flow past a vertical flat plate.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2003,27(8):845-853
15 Wang J,Levy EK.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer of a dilute gas-particle flow past a flat plate.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2006,30(5):473-483
16王汉封,栗晶,柳朝晖等.水平槽道内气固两相湍流中颗粒行为的PIV实验研究.实验流体力学,2012,26(3):38-44(Wang Hanfeng,Li Jing,Liu ZH,et al.PIV experimental study of particle behavior in gas-solid two-phase turbulence in a horizontal channel.Experimental Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(3):38-44(in Chinese))
17 Sumer BM,Deigaard R.Particle motions near the bottom in turbulent flow in an open channel.Part 2.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,109(109):311-337
18 Sumer BM,Oguz B.Particle motions near the bottom in turbulent flow in an open channel.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,86(1):109-127
19 Li D,Luo K,Fan J.Particle statistics in a two-way coupled turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate.Powder Technology,2017,305:250-259
20 Vinkovic I,Doppler D,Lelouvetel J,et al.Direct numerical simulation of particle interaction with ejections in turbulent channel flows.International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2011,37(2):187-197
21 Marchioli C,Soldati A.Mechanisms for particle transfer and segregation in a turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2002,468(468):283-315
22吴文权,黄远东.液固两相流中流体旋涡对固体粒子运动影响的数值研究.工程热物理学报,1999,20(3):365-369(Wu Wenquan,Huang Yuandong.A numerical study of the effect of fluid vortex on solid particle motion in liquid-solid two-phase flow.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1999,20(3):365-369(in Chinese))
23黄远东,吴文权.非定常不稳定液固两相流动中旋涡对颗粒运动影响的数值研究.水科学进展,2002,13(1):1-8(Huang Yuandong,Wu Wenquan.Numerical study of the effect of vortices on particle motion in unsteady and unstable liquid-solid two-phase flow.Advances in Water Science,2002,13(1):1-8(in Chinese))
24 Dritselis CD,Vlachos NS.Numerical study of educed coherent structures in the near-wall region of a particle-laden channel flow.Physics of Fluids,2008,20(5):69
25 Richter DH,Sullivan PP.Modification of near-wall coherent structures by inertial particles.Physics of Fluids,2014,26(10):407-432
26陈启刚,李丹勋,钟强等.基于模式匹配法的明渠紊流涡结构分析.水科学进展,2013,24(1):95-102(Chen Qigang,Li Danxun,Zhong Qiang,et al.Analysis of turbulent eddy structure in open channel based on pattern matching method.Progress in Water Science,2013,24(1):95-102(in Chinese))
27 Hambleton WT,Hutchins N,Marusic I.Simultaneous orthogonalplane particle image velocimetry measurements in a turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,560(560):53-64
28苏健,田海平,姜楠.逆向涡对超疏水壁面减阻影响的TRPIV实验研究.力学学报,2016,48(5):1033-1039(Su Jian,Tian Haiping,Jiang Nan.TRPIV experimental investigation of the effect of retrograde vortex on drag-reduction mechanism over superhydrophobic surfaces.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(5):1033-1039(in Chinese))
29 Kaftori D,Hetsroni G,Banerjee S.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer.I.Motion,deposition,and entrainment.Physics of Fluids,1995,7(5):1095-1106
30 Kaftori D,Hetsroni G,Banerjee S.Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer.II.Velocity and distribution profiles.Physics of Fluids,1995,7(5):1107-1121
31 Elghobashi S.On predicting particle-laden turbulent flows.Applied Scientific Research,1994,52(4):309-329
32姜楠,管新蕾,于培宁.雷诺应力各向异性涡黏模型的层析TR-PIV测量.力学学报,2012,44(2):213-221(Jiang Nan,Guan Xinlei,Yu Peining.Tomography TRPIV measurement of the anisotropic eddy viscosity model of Reynolds stress.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2012,44(2):213-221(in Chinese))
33姜楠,于培宁,管新蕾.湍流边界层相干结构空间拓扑形态的层析TRPIV测量.航空动力学报,2012,27(5):1113-1121(Jiang Nan,Yu Peining,Guan Xinlei.Tomographic TRPIV measurement of spatial topological morphology of coherent structures in turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Aeronautical Power,2012,27(5):1113-1121(in Chinese))
34 Adrian RJ,Meinhart CD,Tomkins CD.Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2000,422(422):1-54
35 ElsingA GE,Marusic I.Lifetimes of flow topology in a turbulent boundary layer.Physics of Fluids,2010,22(1):457-82