北京市朝阳区(五环内)绿地土壤重金属分布特征及其影响因素
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摘要
为了研究和分析北京市朝阳区(五环内)土壤重金属的分布特征及影响因素,通过居住绿地、公园绿地、街旁绿地以及附属绿地(包括公共设施用地、对外交通用地和市政设施用地)4种土壤利用类型分别进行了土壤重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)以及土壤pH值、有机质的测定。结果表明:表层土壤中的重金属平均含量,除Pb外,均高于中国土壤背景值,尤其是重金属Cd,已达到0.26 mg/kg,超过了国家土壤环境质量1级标准;从土壤利用类型上来看,Cu在附属绿地土壤含量最高,达到33.576 mg/kg,Zn在居住绿地土壤含量最高,达到80.636 mg/kg,Cd在街旁绿地土壤含量最高,达到0.296 mg/kg,Pb在公园绿地土壤含量最高,达到24.706 mg/kg;在空间分布上,重金属Cu和Zn空间分布格局相类似,整体呈由西北向东南递减趋势,而Cd高值区在中部,整体北部高于南部,重金属Pb整体上呈由西南向东北递减趋势;通过相关性分析可知,土壤pH值对土壤重金属含量没有明显的影响,而土壤有机质与重金属Zn,Cd和Pb的含量有明显的相关性;4种重金属呈显著正相关(p<0.01)。
In order to study and analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in Chaoyang District, Beijing, through residential greenbelts, park greenbelts, street greenbelts, and affiliated greenbelts(including public facilities, external transport and municipal facilities), four kinds of soil use types were used to measure the soil heavy metals such as copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and soil pH and organic matter. The results showed that the average content of heavy metals in surface soil, except for Pb, was higher than that of Chinese soil, especially heavy metal Cd, which had reached 0.26 mg/kg, and exceeded the standard of soil environmental quality grade 1; Cu content in the attached green space was the highest, reaching 33.576 mg/kg. Zn content in the soil of residential greenbelt was the highest, reaching 80.636 mg/kg. Cd content was the highest in the street green space, reaching 0.296 mg/kg. Pb content was the highest in the green space of the park, reaching 24.706 mg/kg; in the spatial distribution, spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal Cu and Zn was similar, and overall showed the decreasing trend from northwest to southeast, the content of Cd in the middle was higher, and was higher in north than the south. The heavy metal Pb decreased from southwest to northeast as a whole; according to the correlation analysis, the soil pH had no obvious effect on the heavy metal contents of the soil, while the soil organic matter was significantly related to the contents of heavy metals Zn, Cd, and Pb; the four heavy metals showed significantly positive correlation(p<0.01).
In order to study and analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in Chaoyang District, Beijing, through residential greenbelts, park greenbelts, street greenbelts, and affiliated greenbelts(including public facilities, external transport and municipal facilities), four kinds of soil use types were used to measure the soil heavy metals such as copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and soil pH and organic matter. The results showed that the average content of heavy metals in surface soil, except for Pb, was higher than that of Chinese soil, especially heavy metal Cd, which had reached 0.26 mg/kg, and exceeded the standard of soil environmental quality grade 1; Cu content in the attached green space was the highest, reaching 33.576 mg/kg. Zn content in the soil of residential greenbelt was the highest, reaching 80.636 mg/kg. Cd content was the highest in the street green space, reaching 0.296 mg/kg. Pb content was the highest in the green space of the park, reaching 24.706 mg/kg; in the spatial distribution, spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal Cu and Zn was similar, and overall showed the decreasing trend from northwest to southeast, the content of Cd in the middle was higher, and was higher in north than the south. The heavy metal Pb decreased from southwest to northeast as a whole; according to the correlation analysis, the soil pH had no obvious effect on the heavy metal contents of the soil, while the soil organic matter was significantly related to the contents of heavy metals Zn, Cd, and Pb; the four heavy metals showed significantly positive correlation(p<0.01).
引文
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[22]孙花,谭长银,黄道友,等.土壤有机质对土壤重金属积累,有效性及形态的影响[J].湖南师范大学:自然科学版,2011,34(4):82-87.
[23]林俊杰,王云智,陈国祥,等.万州老城区楼顶菜地土壤重金属污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(6):679-683.
[24]李其林,刘光德,郭义.公路两侧土壤和蔬菜中重金属的含量特征[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(6):35-36.
[25]曹立新,李惕川,刘莹,等.公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布、累积及临界含量[J].环境科学,1995,16(6):66-68.
[26]林健,邱卿如,陈建安.公路旁土壤中重金属和类金属污染评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2000,17(5):284-286.
[27]柴世伟,温琰茂,张云霓,等.广州郊区农业土壤重金属含量与土壤性质的关系[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(2):55-58.
[2]王鹏,贾学秀,涂明,等.北京某道路外侧土壤重金属形态特征与污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):165-172.
[3]韩玉丽,邱尔发,王亚飞,等.北京市土壤和TSP中重金属分布特征及相关性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):146-155.
[4]Wong J W C,Mak N K.Heavy metal pollution in children playgrounds in Hong Kong and its health implications[J].Environmental Technology,1997,18(1):109-115.
[5]卢瑛,龚子同,张甘霖,等.南京城市土壤重金属含量及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):123-126.
[6]Chen T B,Wong J W,Zhou H Y,et al.Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Hong Kong[J].Environmental Pollution,1997,96(1):61-68.
[7]杨元根,Paterson E,Campbell C.城市土壤中重金属元素的积累及其微生物效应[J].环境科学,2001,22(3):44-48.
[8]Linde M,Bengtsson H,born I.Concentrations and pools of heavy metals in urban soils in Stockholm,Sweden[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution:Focus,2001,1(3/4):83-101.
[9]Li X,Poon C,Liu P S.Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(11):1361-1368.
[10]Manta D,Angelone M,Bellanca A,et al.Heavy metals in urban soils:a case study from the city of Palermo(Sicily),Italy[J].the Science of the Total Enviroment,2002,300(1):229-243.
[11]Biasioli M,Ajmone-Marsan F.Organic and inorganic diffuse contamination in urban soils:the case of Torino(Italy)[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2007,9(8):862-868.
[12]Chon H T,Kim K W,Kim J Y.Metal contamination of soils and dusts in Seoul metropolitan city,Korea[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,1995,17(3):139-146.
[13]Markus J A,McBratney A B.An urban soil study:heavy metals in Glebe,Australia[J].Soil Research,1996,34(3):453-465.
[14]Marr K,Fyles H,Hendershot W.Trace metals in Montreal urban soils and the leaves of Taraxacum officinale[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1999,79(2):385-387.
[15]Sáňka M,Strnad M,Vondra J,et al.Sources of soil and plant contamination in an urban environment and possible assessment methods[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1995,59:327-343.
[16]郭平,谢忠雷,李军,等.长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):108-112.
[17]李章平,陈玉成,杨学春,等.重庆市主城区土壤重金属的潜在生态危害评价[J].西南农业学学报:自然科学版,2006,28(2):227-230.
[18]邓秋静,宋春然,谢锋,等.贵阳市耕地土壤重金属分布特征及评价[J].土壤,2006,38(1):53-60.
[19]管东生,陈玉娟,阮国际.广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2001,40(4):93-96.
[20]吴新民,李恋卿,潘根兴.南京市不同功能区土壤中重金属Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd污染特征[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):105-111.
[21]殷丽萍,张博,李昂,等.土壤酸碱度对重金属在土壤中行为的影响[J].辽宁化工,2014,43(7):865-867.
[22]孙花,谭长银,黄道友,等.土壤有机质对土壤重金属积累,有效性及形态的影响[J].湖南师范大学:自然科学版,2011,34(4):82-87.
[23]林俊杰,王云智,陈国祥,等.万州老城区楼顶菜地土壤重金属污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(6):679-683.
[24]李其林,刘光德,郭义.公路两侧土壤和蔬菜中重金属的含量特征[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(6):35-36.
[25]曹立新,李惕川,刘莹,等.公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布、累积及临界含量[J].环境科学,1995,16(6):66-68.
[26]林健,邱卿如,陈建安.公路旁土壤中重金属和类金属污染评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2000,17(5):284-286.
[27]柴世伟,温琰茂,张云霓,等.广州郊区农业土壤重金属含量与土壤性质的关系[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(2):55-58.
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