生物质能源区域分布与能源化利用现状调查——基于甘肃全省的调研
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摘要
[目的]为准确掌握甘肃省各地区农牧业生物质资源的分布状况及生物质资源能源化利用现状。[方法]从2015年10月至2016年12月对甘肃全省生物质资源总量、区域分布、能源化利用现状、能源供需比及农户的生活用能情况进行了实地走访和电话调研,并运用统计学、经济学、环境学和能源学等相关方法,对其进行了统计分析。[结果]甘肃省农作物秸秆、禽畜粪便、农产品加工废弃物和果蔬废弃物的资源总量分别为1 278. 3万t、2 770. 31万t、3. 51万t和85. 61万t,可利用量分别为529. 73万t、405. 46万t、3. 51万t和85. 61万t;家庭用能结构中,电、液化气、煤炭、秸秆及柴薪在日常用能中所占的比例分别为10. 91%、1. 79%、66. 61%、11. 16%、9. 54%。截止2016年底,甘肃省已建成生物质资源能源化利用工程主要有规模化大型沼气工程127个、规模化生物天然气工程1个、秸秆气化工程4个和生物质成型燃料工程2个。[结论]甘肃省生物质资源主要为农作物秸秆和禽畜粪便,其中禽畜粪便资源占比最大,生物质资源可利用量中,秸秆资源可利用量占比最大。生物质能源化利用以大型沼气工程为主,近两年逐步向多元化发展,但与国内其他省份相比,甘肃省生物质能源的整体利用水平仍然很低,利用总量小,开发利用方式少。甘肃省家庭用能结构均以传统能源煤炭为主,生物质能可供给量占用能需求比例较小,需逐步发展多种可再生清洁能源以满足用户的多种用能需求。
In order to master the distribution and the status of energy utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry biomass resources accurately in Gansu province,the total biomass amount,regional distribution,energy utilization,energy supply and demand ratio and household energy consumption in Gansu province were investigated from October 2015 to December 2016,and analyzed by statistics,economics,environmental science and energy science. The results show that the crop straw,livestock manure,the total amount of agricultural products processing wastes and vegetable wastes were 12. 783 million tons,27. 703 million tons,35. 1 thousand tons and 856. 1 tons,respectively in Gansu province,and the available amount was 5. 297 million tons,4. 06 million tons,35. 1 thousand tons and 856. 1 thousand tons respectively. Electricity,gas,coal,straw and firewood consumption accounted for 10. 91%,1. 79%,66. 61%,11. 16%,9. 54% respectively of the household energy structure. There are 127 large-scale biogas projects,1 large-scale bio-natural gas project,4 straw gasification projects and 2 biomass briquetting fuel projects in Gansu province up to the end of 2016. Crop straw and animal manure accounts for mostly of the biomass resources in Gansu province and animal manure accounted for the largest proportion,and the availability of straw resources accounted for the largest proportion of the available biomass amounts. Biomass energy utilization's main way is large-scale biogas projects,which has been gradually developed to diversification recently.Compared with other provinces in China,the overall utilization of Gansu province's biomass energy is still very low,the total utilization is small,and there are few ways of development and utilization. The household energy structure in Gansu province is mainly based on traditional energy,such as coal,and the proportion of the available biomass energy accounts for small proportion of energy demand. Thus,there is a need to gradually develop a variety of renewable energy sources to meet the diverse energy needs of users.
In order to master the distribution and the status of energy utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry biomass resources accurately in Gansu province,the total biomass amount,regional distribution,energy utilization,energy supply and demand ratio and household energy consumption in Gansu province were investigated from October 2015 to December 2016,and analyzed by statistics,economics,environmental science and energy science. The results show that the crop straw,livestock manure,the total amount of agricultural products processing wastes and vegetable wastes were 12. 783 million tons,27. 703 million tons,35. 1 thousand tons and 856. 1 tons,respectively in Gansu province,and the available amount was 5. 297 million tons,4. 06 million tons,35. 1 thousand tons and 856. 1 thousand tons respectively. Electricity,gas,coal,straw and firewood consumption accounted for 10. 91%,1. 79%,66. 61%,11. 16%,9. 54% respectively of the household energy structure. There are 127 large-scale biogas projects,1 large-scale bio-natural gas project,4 straw gasification projects and 2 biomass briquetting fuel projects in Gansu province up to the end of 2016. Crop straw and animal manure accounts for mostly of the biomass resources in Gansu province and animal manure accounted for the largest proportion,and the availability of straw resources accounted for the largest proportion of the available biomass amounts. Biomass energy utilization's main way is large-scale biogas projects,which has been gradually developed to diversification recently.Compared with other provinces in China,the overall utilization of Gansu province's biomass energy is still very low,the total utilization is small,and there are few ways of development and utilization. The household energy structure in Gansu province is mainly based on traditional energy,such as coal,and the proportion of the available biomass energy accounts for small proportion of energy demand. Thus,there is a need to gradually develop a variety of renewable energy sources to meet the diverse energy needs of users.
引文
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[3] lin Xueqin,Si Yuefang,Wang Dai. Challenges in Development of the Biomass Energy Industry in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2013,4(4):353-360.
[4]田宜水,赵立欣,孙丽英,等.农业生物质能资源分析与评价.中国工程科学,2011,13(2):24-28.
[5]蔡亚庆,仇焕广,徐志刚.中国各区域秸秆资源可能源化利用的潜力分析.自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1637-1646.
[6]王红彦,毕于运,王道龙,等.生命周期能值分析法与生物质能源研究.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(2):11-17.
[7]魏振方,李然.强力推进生物质产业健康发展.中国农业资源与区划,2009,30(6):79-84.
[8]梁海军.农业资源循环利用与区域特色产业融合研究———以河南周口地区为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(8):188-192.
[9]王效华.江苏省生物质能资源调查与评估方案设计.农业工程学报,2012,28(4):204-207.
[10] NY/T 1701-2009,农作物秸秆资源调查与评价技术规范.
[11] GB 18596-2001,畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准.
[12]肖红波,李军,李宗泰,等.北京农村能源消费现状及影响因素分析———基于北京市1866个农村住户的调研.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(10):127-137.
[13]杨艳.生物质发电环保性能及在我国的适应性研究.南京信息工程大学,2011.
[14]刘志彬,任爱胜,高春雨,等.中国农业生物质资源发电潜力评估.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(4):133-140.
[15]吕永兴,吴创之,潘贤齐,等.生物质气化重整催化合成液化石油气.太阳能学报,2012,33(12):2016-2020.
[16]吴小武,刘荣厚.农业废弃物厌氧发酵制取沼气技术的研究进展.中国农学通报,2011,27(26):227-231.
[17]霍丽丽,田宜水,孟海波,等.生物质固体成型燃料全生命周期评价.太阳能学报,2011,32(12):1875-1880.