基于鳗鱼道诱鱼技术研究花鳗鲡幼鱼光色趋向性
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摘要
为保护我国花鳗鲡资源,提高鳗鱼道入口吸引力,本研究以3 W水下景观灯为光源,利用自制多功能圆池设计了3种试验工况,探索花鳗鲡幼鱼的光色趋向性.结果表明:3种试验工况下,鱼类在光区与暗区单位面积出现比例分别为(8.7±0.3)%和(3.6±1.7)%、(8.4±0.2)%和(5.0±1.4)%、(9.0±0.2)%和(1.9±1.3)%,且分布在光区的幼鱼多处于玻璃鳗发育阶段,而暗区的幼鱼多处于线鳗阶段(或向线鳗发育).光色区中鱼类出现次数百分比排在前3的分别为黄光区[(29.4±4.9)%]、红光区[(24.1±3.9)%]和紫光区[(17.2±4.0)%];黄光区[(29.4±3.3)%]、紫光区[(25.2±3.7)%]和红光区[(18.2±2.9)%];红光区[(33.3±2.3)%]、紫光区[(25.6±3.8)%]和黄光区[(20.7±5.7)%].首先进入光区次数排在前3的分别为红、黄、紫光区;红、紫、黄光区;红、紫、黄光区.鱼类在上述3种光区中的总进出次数处于蓝绿光和五彩光之间,且红光和黄光下鱼类会出现视觉疲劳.花鳗鲡幼鱼对光的趋向性由其发育阶段决定,玻璃鳗对光色具有趋向性,尤喜爱红、黄和紫光,在鳗鱼道入口采用灯光诱鱼可帮助玻璃鳗找到生长洄游通道.
Light trap is commonly used in protecting Anguilla marmorata resource and improving the attraction of eel passage entrance. In this study, a self-made multifunctional round pool was used to explore the phototaxis of elvers(A. marmorata) under three conditions. 3 W underwater landscape lamp was used as the light source. The results showed that the percentages of juvenile A. marmorata occurrence in light zone and dark zone were(8.7±0.3)% and(3.6±1.7)%,(8.4±0.2)% and(5.0±1.4)%,(9.0±0.2)% and(1.9±1.3)% respectively under three conditions. Moreover, most glass eel distributed in the light zone, while elver(or elver develop) distributed in the dark zone. The primary regions of fish occurrence and its percentages were yellow zone [(29.4±4.9)%], red zone [(24.1±3.9)%)] and purple zone [(17.2±4.0)%] for condition one, yellow zone [(29.4±3.3)%], purple zone [(25.2±3.7)%] and red zone [(18.2±2.9)%] for condition two, and red zone [(33.3±2.3)%], purple zone [(25.6±3.8)%] and yellow zone [(20.7±5.7)%] for condition three. Correspondingly, the top three regions of fish first entering were red, yellow and purple, red, purple and yellow, and red, purple and yellow, respectively. The number of entering and exiting for fish in those three color zones was between blue-green zone and colorful zone. Visual fatigue would occur for elvers with continuous exposure to red light or yellow light. Our results suggested that the phototaxis of elvers is dependent on their developmental stages. Glass eels have phototaxis and seem to be more interesting in red, yellow, and purple light. Light guidance fish is available in the entrance of eel passage, which can help glass eels find the migration channels.
Light trap is commonly used in protecting Anguilla marmorata resource and improving the attraction of eel passage entrance. In this study, a self-made multifunctional round pool was used to explore the phototaxis of elvers(A. marmorata) under three conditions. 3 W underwater landscape lamp was used as the light source. The results showed that the percentages of juvenile A. marmorata occurrence in light zone and dark zone were(8.7±0.3)% and(3.6±1.7)%,(8.4±0.2)% and(5.0±1.4)%,(9.0±0.2)% and(1.9±1.3)% respectively under three conditions. Moreover, most glass eel distributed in the light zone, while elver(or elver develop) distributed in the dark zone. The primary regions of fish occurrence and its percentages were yellow zone [(29.4±4.9)%], red zone [(24.1±3.9)%)] and purple zone [(17.2±4.0)%] for condition one, yellow zone [(29.4±3.3)%], purple zone [(25.2±3.7)%] and red zone [(18.2±2.9)%] for condition two, and red zone [(33.3±2.3)%], purple zone [(25.6±3.8)%] and yellow zone [(20.7±5.7)%] for condition three. Correspondingly, the top three regions of fish first entering were red, yellow and purple, red, purple and yellow, and red, purple and yellow, respectively. The number of entering and exiting for fish in those three color zones was between blue-green zone and colorful zone. Visual fatigue would occur for elvers with continuous exposure to red light or yellow light. Our results suggested that the phototaxis of elvers is dependent on their developmental stages. Glass eels have phototaxis and seem to be more interesting in red, yellow, and purple light. Light guidance fish is available in the entrance of eel passage, which can help glass eels find the migration channels.
引文
[1] Zhang S-M (张世美),Hua J-E (华静娥).The species and fishery of Genus Anguilla in the world.Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University (上海水产大学学报),1993,2(1):62-67 (in Chinese)
[2] Ishikawa S,Tsukamoto K,Nishida M.Genetic evidence for multiple geographic populations of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata in the Pacific and Indian oceans.Ichthyological Research,2004,51:343-353
[3] Tsukamoto K,Chow S,Otake T,et al.Oceanic spawning ecology of freshwater eels in the western North Pacific.Nature Communications,2011,2:179,doi:10.1038/ncomms1174
[4] Dekker W,Pawson M,Wickstr?m H.Is there more to eels than slime?An introduction to papers presented at the ICES Theme Session in September 2006.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64:1366-1367
[5] Knights B,White EM.Enhancing immigration and recruitment of eels:The use of passes and associated trapping systems.Fisheries Management and Ecology,1998,5:459-471
[6] Foulds WL,Lucas MC.Extreme inefficiency of two conventional,technical fishways used by European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis).Ecological Engineering,2013,58:423-433
[7] EU Environment Agency.Elven and eel passes:A guide to the design and implementation of passage solutions at weirs,tidal gates and sluices.GEO0211BTMV-E-E,2011
[8] International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).Report of the 2007 Session of the Joint EIFAC/ICES.Working Group on Eels,FAO European Inland Exploration of the Sea,Bordeaux,2007
[9] Dekker W.Did lack of spawners cause the collapse of the European eel,Anguilla anguilla?Fisheries Management and Ecology,2003,10:365-376
[10] Baker CF,Boubée JAT.Upstream passage of inanga Galaxias maculatus and redfin bullies Gobiomorphus huttoni over artificial ramps.Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69:668-681
[11] Kerr JR,Karageorgopoulos P,Kemp PS.Efficacy of a side-mounted vertically oriented bristle pass for improving upstream passage of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) at an experi-mental Crump weir.Ecological Engineering,2015,85:121-131
[12] Vowles AS,Don AM,Karageorgopoulos P,et al.Efficiency of a dual density studded fish pass designed to mitigate for impeded upstream passage of juvenile European eels (Anguilla anguilla) at a model Crump weir.Fisheries Management and Ecology,2015,22:307-316
[13] Moser ML,Ogden DA,Pennington HT,et al.Development of Passage Structures for Adult Pacific Lamprey at Bonneville Dam[EB/OL].(2009-06-01)[2017-11-05].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238669836
[14] Bardonnet A,Bolliet V,Belon V.Recruitment abundance estimation:Role of glass eel (Anguilla anguilla) response to light.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,321:181-190
[15] Sorensen PW,Bianchini ML.Environmental correlates of the freshwater migration of elvers of the American eel in a Rhode Island brook.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1986,115:258-268
[16] Aarestrup K,?kland F,Hansen MM,et al.Oceanic spawning migration of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).Science,2009,325:1660
[17] Luo H-M (罗会明),Zheng W-Y (郑微云).The research on phototactic behaviour of during the growth and development of elve.Journal of Xiamen University (厦门大学学报),1979,7(4):104-111 (in Chinese)
[18] Zhou Y-Q (周应祺).Applied Fish Behavior.Beijing:Science Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhang H (张辉),Wang Y-G (王印庚),Rong X-J (荣小军),et al.Behavioral responses of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) to different light intensity and settlement substratum color.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2009,28(3):477-482 (in Chinese)
[20] Bai Y-Q (白艳勤),Wang X (王雪),Liu D-F (刘德富),et al.The preferable light intensity and color for darkbarable catfish and silver carp.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),38(2):216-221 (in Chinese)
[21] Qin X-H (秦孝辉),Wang C-F (王从锋),Mo W-J (莫伟均),et al.Effect of light color and intensity for attracting Aristichthys nobilis.Journal of Hydroecology (水生态学杂志),2015,36(3):66-71 (in Chinese)
[22] Guo H-Y (郭弘艺),Wei K (魏凯),Tang W-Q (唐文乔),et al.Developmental stages and migratory routes of larvae Japanese eel from southeast coastal estuaries of China.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2012,36(12):1793-1801 (in Chinese)
[23] Tan X-C (谭细畅),Huang H (黄鹤),Tao J-P (陶江平),et al.Fish population structure in the fishway of Changzhou hydro-junction.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(5):1548-1552 (in Chinese)
[24] Luo H-W (罗宏伟),Duan X-B (段辛斌),Liu S-P (刘绍平),et al.Effects of transmitter’s surgical implantation on fish:Research progress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(4):1160-1168 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu H-B (刘洪波).Inspiration of fishways construction at abroad.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学),2010,38(14):7566-7567 (in Chinese)
[26] Luo H-M (罗会明),Zheng W-Y (郑微云).Phototactic response of Elvers (Anguilla japonica) to light color.Journal of Xiamen University (厦门大学学报),1978 ,6(8):9-16
[27] Roesler CS.Theoretical and experimental approaches to improve the accuracy of particulate absorption coefficients derived from the quantitative filter technique.Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43:1649-1660
[28] Wood P,Partridge JC,Grip WJ.Rod visual pigment changes in the elver of the eel Anguilla anguilla L.measured by microspectrophotometry.Journal of Fish Biology,1992,41:601-611
[29] Wang FY,Fu WC,Wang IL,et al.The giant mottled eel,Anguilla marmorata,uses blue-shifted rod photoreceptors during upstream migration.PLoS One,2014,9(8):e103953
[30] Larinier M.Fish passage experience at small-scale hydro-electric power plants in France.Hydrobiologia,2008,609:97-108
[31] Ali MA,Dutil JD,Fortier L.Retinal response in the post metamorphic American eel (Anguilla rostrata).Helgol?nder Meeresuntersuchungen,1987,41:437
[32] Pankhurst NW.Retinal development in larval and juve-nile European eel,Anguilla anguilla.Canadian Journal of Zoology,1984,62:335-343
[33] Van Veen T,Hartwig HG,Müller K.Light-dependent motor activity and photonegative behavior in the eel (Anguilla anguilla).Journal of Comparative Physiology,1976,111:209-219
[2] Ishikawa S,Tsukamoto K,Nishida M.Genetic evidence for multiple geographic populations of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata in the Pacific and Indian oceans.Ichthyological Research,2004,51:343-353
[3] Tsukamoto K,Chow S,Otake T,et al.Oceanic spawning ecology of freshwater eels in the western North Pacific.Nature Communications,2011,2:179,doi:10.1038/ncomms1174
[4] Dekker W,Pawson M,Wickstr?m H.Is there more to eels than slime?An introduction to papers presented at the ICES Theme Session in September 2006.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64:1366-1367
[5] Knights B,White EM.Enhancing immigration and recruitment of eels:The use of passes and associated trapping systems.Fisheries Management and Ecology,1998,5:459-471
[6] Foulds WL,Lucas MC.Extreme inefficiency of two conventional,technical fishways used by European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis).Ecological Engineering,2013,58:423-433
[7] EU Environment Agency.Elven and eel passes:A guide to the design and implementation of passage solutions at weirs,tidal gates and sluices.GEO0211BTMV-E-E,2011
[8] International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).Report of the 2007 Session of the Joint EIFAC/ICES.Working Group on Eels,FAO European Inland Exploration of the Sea,Bordeaux,2007
[9] Dekker W.Did lack of spawners cause the collapse of the European eel,Anguilla anguilla?Fisheries Management and Ecology,2003,10:365-376
[10] Baker CF,Boubée JAT.Upstream passage of inanga Galaxias maculatus and redfin bullies Gobiomorphus huttoni over artificial ramps.Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69:668-681
[11] Kerr JR,Karageorgopoulos P,Kemp PS.Efficacy of a side-mounted vertically oriented bristle pass for improving upstream passage of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) at an experi-mental Crump weir.Ecological Engineering,2015,85:121-131
[12] Vowles AS,Don AM,Karageorgopoulos P,et al.Efficiency of a dual density studded fish pass designed to mitigate for impeded upstream passage of juvenile European eels (Anguilla anguilla) at a model Crump weir.Fisheries Management and Ecology,2015,22:307-316
[13] Moser ML,Ogden DA,Pennington HT,et al.Development of Passage Structures for Adult Pacific Lamprey at Bonneville Dam[EB/OL].(2009-06-01)[2017-11-05].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238669836
[14] Bardonnet A,Bolliet V,Belon V.Recruitment abundance estimation:Role of glass eel (Anguilla anguilla) response to light.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,321:181-190
[15] Sorensen PW,Bianchini ML.Environmental correlates of the freshwater migration of elvers of the American eel in a Rhode Island brook.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1986,115:258-268
[16] Aarestrup K,?kland F,Hansen MM,et al.Oceanic spawning migration of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).Science,2009,325:1660
[17] Luo H-M (罗会明),Zheng W-Y (郑微云).The research on phototactic behaviour of during the growth and development of elve.Journal of Xiamen University (厦门大学学报),1979,7(4):104-111 (in Chinese)
[18] Zhou Y-Q (周应祺).Applied Fish Behavior.Beijing:Science Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhang H (张辉),Wang Y-G (王印庚),Rong X-J (荣小军),et al.Behavioral responses of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) to different light intensity and settlement substratum color.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2009,28(3):477-482 (in Chinese)
[20] Bai Y-Q (白艳勤),Wang X (王雪),Liu D-F (刘德富),et al.The preferable light intensity and color for darkbarable catfish and silver carp.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),38(2):216-221 (in Chinese)
[21] Qin X-H (秦孝辉),Wang C-F (王从锋),Mo W-J (莫伟均),et al.Effect of light color and intensity for attracting Aristichthys nobilis.Journal of Hydroecology (水生态学杂志),2015,36(3):66-71 (in Chinese)
[22] Guo H-Y (郭弘艺),Wei K (魏凯),Tang W-Q (唐文乔),et al.Developmental stages and migratory routes of larvae Japanese eel from southeast coastal estuaries of China.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2012,36(12):1793-1801 (in Chinese)
[23] Tan X-C (谭细畅),Huang H (黄鹤),Tao J-P (陶江平),et al.Fish population structure in the fishway of Changzhou hydro-junction.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(5):1548-1552 (in Chinese)
[24] Luo H-W (罗宏伟),Duan X-B (段辛斌),Liu S-P (刘绍平),et al.Effects of transmitter’s surgical implantation on fish:Research progress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(4):1160-1168 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu H-B (刘洪波).Inspiration of fishways construction at abroad.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学),2010,38(14):7566-7567 (in Chinese)
[26] Luo H-M (罗会明),Zheng W-Y (郑微云).Phototactic response of Elvers (Anguilla japonica) to light color.Journal of Xiamen University (厦门大学学报),1978 ,6(8):9-16
[27] Roesler CS.Theoretical and experimental approaches to improve the accuracy of particulate absorption coefficients derived from the quantitative filter technique.Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43:1649-1660
[28] Wood P,Partridge JC,Grip WJ.Rod visual pigment changes in the elver of the eel Anguilla anguilla L.measured by microspectrophotometry.Journal of Fish Biology,1992,41:601-611
[29] Wang FY,Fu WC,Wang IL,et al.The giant mottled eel,Anguilla marmorata,uses blue-shifted rod photoreceptors during upstream migration.PLoS One,2014,9(8):e103953
[30] Larinier M.Fish passage experience at small-scale hydro-electric power plants in France.Hydrobiologia,2008,609:97-108
[31] Ali MA,Dutil JD,Fortier L.Retinal response in the post metamorphic American eel (Anguilla rostrata).Helgol?nder Meeresuntersuchungen,1987,41:437
[32] Pankhurst NW.Retinal development in larval and juve-nile European eel,Anguilla anguilla.Canadian Journal of Zoology,1984,62:335-343
[33] Van Veen T,Hartwig HG,Müller K.Light-dependent motor activity and photonegative behavior in the eel (Anguilla anguilla).Journal of Comparative Physiology,1976,111:209-219