低透气性煤层顺层密集钻孔抽采及并管提压系统研究
|
摘要
针对高瓦斯低透气性煤层的瓦斯预抽难题,提出顺层密集大直径钻孔布置和并管提(负)压的瓦斯强化抽采技术,阐述了顺层密集大直径钻孔布置实现全区域增透的抽采原理。根据流体流动的连续性方程和能量方程,建立了区段主管路中流体能量变化的表达式,并得出相应的能量坡度线。结合预抽钻孔的"负压-流量"特性曲线,阐明采用并管方式连接主管路提升抽采负压和增加抽采量的作用机理,并根据实践经验综合确定瓦斯强化抽采技术参数。现场实践表明,该技术治理瓦斯效果显著,工作面瓦斯抽采率达55%以上,生产能力由1. 2 Mt/a增加到1. 8 Mt/a,上隅角瓦斯浓度无超限现象,实现了复杂地质条件下的安全高效开采。
Aiming at the problem of gas pre-drainage in high gas and low permeability coal seam,the strengthen technology of coal seam gas extraction was put forward which is the system of combined pipeline to lift the negative pressure and intensive large diameter drill-hole along seam.The extraction principle of realizing the permeable increasing in all zone by intensive large diameter drill-hole along seam was explained.According to the continuity liquid flow equation and energy equation,the expression of liquid energy changes was established to get liquid energy gradient lines in section competent pipeline.Combined with the"negative pressure-flow"characteristic curve of pre-drainage gas drill-hole,the mechanism of increase the negative pressure and extraction scalar through combined pipeline was clarified and the parameters of strengthen extraction technology in coal seam was confirmed by practical experience.The practice showed that this technical effect on governance gas was remarkable,the gas extraction rate in working face was above 55%and the production capacity increased from 1.2 Mt/a to1.8 Mt/a.The upper corner gas concentration was under the safety standard,and thus the safety and efficiently mining in complicated geological conditions was realized.
Aiming at the problem of gas pre-drainage in high gas and low permeability coal seam,the strengthen technology of coal seam gas extraction was put forward which is the system of combined pipeline to lift the negative pressure and intensive large diameter drill-hole along seam.The extraction principle of realizing the permeable increasing in all zone by intensive large diameter drill-hole along seam was explained.According to the continuity liquid flow equation and energy equation,the expression of liquid energy changes was established to get liquid energy gradient lines in section competent pipeline.Combined with the"negative pressure-flow"characteristic curve of pre-drainage gas drill-hole,the mechanism of increase the negative pressure and extraction scalar through combined pipeline was clarified and the parameters of strengthen extraction technology in coal seam was confirmed by practical experience.The practice showed that this technical effect on governance gas was remarkable,the gas extraction rate in working face was above 55%and the production capacity increased from 1.2 Mt/a to1.8 Mt/a.The upper corner gas concentration was under the safety standard,and thus the safety and efficiently mining in complicated geological conditions was realized.
引文
[1]周世宁,林柏泉.煤矿瓦斯动力灾害防治理论及控制技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2]钱鸣高.煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):529-534.Qian Minggao.On sustainable coal mining in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):529-534.
[3]袁亮.我国深部煤与瓦斯共采战略思考[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):1-6.Yuan Liang.Strategic thinking of simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):1-6.
[4]马念杰,郭晓菲,赵希栋,等.煤与瓦斯共采钻孔增透半径理论分析与应用[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):120-127.Ma Nianjie,Guo Xiaofei,Zhao Xidong,et al.Theoretical analysis and application about permeability-increasing radius of drilling for simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):120-127.
[5]Gentzis T,Deisman N,Chalaturnyk R J.Effect of drilling fluids on coal permeability:impact on horizontal wellbore stability[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78(3):177-191.
[6]胡千庭,周世宁,周心权.煤与瓦斯突出过程的力学作用机理[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1368-1372.Hu Qianting,Zhou Shining,Zhou Xinquan.Mechanical mechanism of coal and gas outburst process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1368-1372.
[7]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(2):137-149.Ma Nianjie,Zhao Xidong,Zhao Zhiqiang,et al.Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(2):137-149.
[8]辛新平,高建良,马耕.穿层孔吞吐压裂水力强化抽采技术研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):995-1000.Xin Xinping,Gao Jianliang,Ma Geng.Research and application of gas drainage with hydraulic reinforcement of water stimulation fracture in bore through strata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):995-1000.
[9]黄炳香,程庆迎,陈树亮,等.突出煤层深孔水力致裂驱赶与浅孔抽采消突研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):23-29.Huang Bingxiang,Cheng Qingying,Chen Shuliang,et al.Study of coal seam outburst mitigation by deep hole hydro-fracturing and shallow hole methane drainage[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(5):23-29.
[10]孙四清,张群,闫志铭,等.碎软低渗高突煤层井下长钻孔整体水力压裂增透工程实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2337-2344.Sun Siqing,Zhang Qun,Yan Zhiming,et al.Practice of permeability enhancement through overall hydraulic fracturing of long hole in outburst-prone soft crushed coal seam with low permeability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2337-2344.
[11]林柏泉,孟凡伟,张海宾.基于区域瓦斯治理的钻割抽一体化技术及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):75-79.Lin Baiquan,Meng Fanwei,Zhang Haibin.Regional gas control based on drilling-slotting-extracting integration technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):75-79.
[12]葛兆龙,梅绪东,贾亚杰,等.高压水射流割缝钻孔抽采影响半径研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):657-664.Ge Zhaolong,Mei Xudong,Jia Yajie,et al.Influence radius of slotted borehole drainage by high pressure water jet[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):657-664.
[13]卢义玉,贾亚杰,葛兆龙,等.割缝后煤层瓦斯的流-固耦合模型及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):23-29.Lu Yiyu,Jia Yajie,Ge Zhaolong,et al.Coupled fluidsolid model of coal bed methane and its application after slotting by high-preessure water jet[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):23-29.
[14]高亚斌,林柏泉,杨威,等.高突煤层穿层钻孔“钻-冲-割”耦合卸压技术及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):177-184.Gao Yabin,Lin Baiquan,Yang Wei,et al.“Drillingflushing-slotting”intercoupling pressure-relief technology of cross-measure boreholes and its application in high gassy outburst coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):177-184.
[15]蔡峰,刘泽功,张朝举,等.高瓦斯低透气性煤层深孔预裂爆破增透数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(5):499-503.Cai Feng,Liu Zegong,Zhang Chaoju,et al.Numerical simulation of improving permeability by deep-hole presplitting explosion in loose-soft and low permeability coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(5):499-503.
[16]余永强,杨小林,梁为民,等.控制爆破致裂提高矿井瓦斯抽放率试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):377-381.Yu Yongqiang,Yang Xiaolin,Liang Weimin,et al.Testing research of improving mine gas drainage under suction by controlling blasting to cause crack[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):377-381.
[17]吴世跃,郭勇义.注气开采煤层气增产机制的研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):199-203.Wu Shiyue,Guo Yongyi.Study of the mechanism of increasing production of exploitation coal-bed methane by gas injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):199-203.
[18]李志强,王兆丰.井下注气强化煤层气抽采效果的工程试验与数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(4):72-82.Li Zhiqiang,Wang Zhaofeng.Test and numerical simulation on effect of enhanced coal-bed methane drawing by injecting gas under coal mine[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2011,34(4):72-82.
[19]周红星,程远平,刘洪永,等.突出煤层穿层钻孔孔群增透技术及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(9):1515-1518.Zhou Hongxing,Cheng Yuanping,Liu Hongyong,et al.Permeability improvement technology of array crossing boreholes and its application in outburst coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(9):1515-1518.
[20]景国勋,张强.煤与瓦斯突出过程中瓦斯作用的研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(2):169-171.Jing Guoxun,Zhang Qiang.Study on the role of gas in the coal and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(2):169-171.
[21]李祥春,张良,聂百胜,等.不同应力和瓦斯压力下煤的相对介电常数变化规律[J].矿业科学学报,2018,3(4):349-355.Li Xiangchun,Zhang Liang,Nie Baisheng,et al.Law of relative dielectric constant of coal under different stresses and gas pressures[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2018,3(4):349-355.
[2]钱鸣高.煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):529-534.Qian Minggao.On sustainable coal mining in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):529-534.
[3]袁亮.我国深部煤与瓦斯共采战略思考[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):1-6.Yuan Liang.Strategic thinking of simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):1-6.
[4]马念杰,郭晓菲,赵希栋,等.煤与瓦斯共采钻孔增透半径理论分析与应用[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):120-127.Ma Nianjie,Guo Xiaofei,Zhao Xidong,et al.Theoretical analysis and application about permeability-increasing radius of drilling for simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):120-127.
[5]Gentzis T,Deisman N,Chalaturnyk R J.Effect of drilling fluids on coal permeability:impact on horizontal wellbore stability[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78(3):177-191.
[6]胡千庭,周世宁,周心权.煤与瓦斯突出过程的力学作用机理[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1368-1372.Hu Qianting,Zhou Shining,Zhou Xinquan.Mechanical mechanism of coal and gas outburst process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1368-1372.
[7]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(2):137-149.Ma Nianjie,Zhao Xidong,Zhao Zhiqiang,et al.Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(2):137-149.
[8]辛新平,高建良,马耕.穿层孔吞吐压裂水力强化抽采技术研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):995-1000.Xin Xinping,Gao Jianliang,Ma Geng.Research and application of gas drainage with hydraulic reinforcement of water stimulation fracture in bore through strata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):995-1000.
[9]黄炳香,程庆迎,陈树亮,等.突出煤层深孔水力致裂驱赶与浅孔抽采消突研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):23-29.Huang Bingxiang,Cheng Qingying,Chen Shuliang,et al.Study of coal seam outburst mitigation by deep hole hydro-fracturing and shallow hole methane drainage[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(5):23-29.
[10]孙四清,张群,闫志铭,等.碎软低渗高突煤层井下长钻孔整体水力压裂增透工程实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2337-2344.Sun Siqing,Zhang Qun,Yan Zhiming,et al.Practice of permeability enhancement through overall hydraulic fracturing of long hole in outburst-prone soft crushed coal seam with low permeability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2337-2344.
[11]林柏泉,孟凡伟,张海宾.基于区域瓦斯治理的钻割抽一体化技术及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):75-79.Lin Baiquan,Meng Fanwei,Zhang Haibin.Regional gas control based on drilling-slotting-extracting integration technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):75-79.
[12]葛兆龙,梅绪东,贾亚杰,等.高压水射流割缝钻孔抽采影响半径研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):657-664.Ge Zhaolong,Mei Xudong,Jia Yajie,et al.Influence radius of slotted borehole drainage by high pressure water jet[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):657-664.
[13]卢义玉,贾亚杰,葛兆龙,等.割缝后煤层瓦斯的流-固耦合模型及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):23-29.Lu Yiyu,Jia Yajie,Ge Zhaolong,et al.Coupled fluidsolid model of coal bed methane and its application after slotting by high-preessure water jet[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):23-29.
[14]高亚斌,林柏泉,杨威,等.高突煤层穿层钻孔“钻-冲-割”耦合卸压技术及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):177-184.Gao Yabin,Lin Baiquan,Yang Wei,et al.“Drillingflushing-slotting”intercoupling pressure-relief technology of cross-measure boreholes and its application in high gassy outburst coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):177-184.
[15]蔡峰,刘泽功,张朝举,等.高瓦斯低透气性煤层深孔预裂爆破增透数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(5):499-503.Cai Feng,Liu Zegong,Zhang Chaoju,et al.Numerical simulation of improving permeability by deep-hole presplitting explosion in loose-soft and low permeability coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(5):499-503.
[16]余永强,杨小林,梁为民,等.控制爆破致裂提高矿井瓦斯抽放率试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):377-381.Yu Yongqiang,Yang Xiaolin,Liang Weimin,et al.Testing research of improving mine gas drainage under suction by controlling blasting to cause crack[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):377-381.
[17]吴世跃,郭勇义.注气开采煤层气增产机制的研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):199-203.Wu Shiyue,Guo Yongyi.Study of the mechanism of increasing production of exploitation coal-bed methane by gas injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):199-203.
[18]李志强,王兆丰.井下注气强化煤层气抽采效果的工程试验与数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(4):72-82.Li Zhiqiang,Wang Zhaofeng.Test and numerical simulation on effect of enhanced coal-bed methane drawing by injecting gas under coal mine[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2011,34(4):72-82.
[19]周红星,程远平,刘洪永,等.突出煤层穿层钻孔孔群增透技术及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(9):1515-1518.Zhou Hongxing,Cheng Yuanping,Liu Hongyong,et al.Permeability improvement technology of array crossing boreholes and its application in outburst coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(9):1515-1518.
[20]景国勋,张强.煤与瓦斯突出过程中瓦斯作用的研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(2):169-171.Jing Guoxun,Zhang Qiang.Study on the role of gas in the coal and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(2):169-171.
[21]李祥春,张良,聂百胜,等.不同应力和瓦斯压力下煤的相对介电常数变化规律[J].矿业科学学报,2018,3(4):349-355.Li Xiangchun,Zhang Liang,Nie Baisheng,et al.Law of relative dielectric constant of coal under different stresses and gas pressures[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2018,3(4):349-355.