黄骅拗陷隐性断裂带分布及其对油气的控制作用
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摘要
为了研究隐性断裂带对油气成藏的控制作用,在渤海湾盆地黄骅拗陷共识别出两种类型八条隐性断裂带,其活动性的差异导致该区隐性断裂带的演化程度不一,构造特征不同。研究区隐性断裂带主要分布在中部的歧口凹陷和南部的孔南地区,以贯穿孔南地区南北向基底走滑型隐性断裂带和东西向调节构造型羊三木等隐性断裂带为研究对象,分析了不同类型隐性断裂带的油气地质意义。研究结果表明:①活动的隐性断裂带是油气聚集的有利场所,对烃源岩的热演化有着重要的控制作用;②复杂的构造活动会形成大量裂缝,可大大改善油气输导能力;③隐性断裂带延伸至深部油气储层,很好地起到了输导油气的作用。隐性断裂带对成藏圈闭类型及规模有着重要的影响,研究发现其演化程度与油气输导能力呈正相关,因而可以定性地确定隐性断裂带末期断面贯通时,油气输导能力达到最大,即是油气运移的最佳时间。结论认为,通过研究隐性断裂带对油气的控制作用,可以为油气勘探提供新思路和新方向。
In order to investigate the control effect of hidden fault zones on hydrocarbon accumulation, 8 hidden fault zones of two types were identified in the Huanghua Depression. The petroleum geological significance of different types of hidden fault zones were analyzed with the NS trending hidden fault zone of basement strike slip type running through the Kongnan area and the EW trending hidden fault zone of accommodation structure type as the research objects. And the following research results were obtained. First, active hidden fault zones are the favorable locations for hydrocarbon accumulation and they have an important control effect on the thermal evolution of source rocks. Second, complex tectonic activities can result in a great number of fractures, so as to improve the hydrocarbon transport capacity greatly. Third, hidden fault zones extend to deeper oil and gas reservoirs and act for hydrocarbon transport well. Hidden fault zones have an important effect on the types and sizes of hydrocarbon accumulation traps,and the research results show that the evolution degree of hidden fault zone is in positive correlation with hydrocarbon transport capacity, so it can be qualitatively determined that the hydrocarbon transport capacity is the maximum when the fault surface is through at the end stage of hidden fault zone, i.e., the optimal hydrocarbon migration time.
In order to investigate the control effect of hidden fault zones on hydrocarbon accumulation, 8 hidden fault zones of two types were identified in the Huanghua Depression. The petroleum geological significance of different types of hidden fault zones were analyzed with the NS trending hidden fault zone of basement strike slip type running through the Kongnan area and the EW trending hidden fault zone of accommodation structure type as the research objects. And the following research results were obtained. First, active hidden fault zones are the favorable locations for hydrocarbon accumulation and they have an important control effect on the thermal evolution of source rocks. Second, complex tectonic activities can result in a great number of fractures, so as to improve the hydrocarbon transport capacity greatly. Third, hidden fault zones extend to deeper oil and gas reservoirs and act for hydrocarbon transport well. Hidden fault zones have an important effect on the types and sizes of hydrocarbon accumulation traps,and the research results show that the evolution degree of hidden fault zone is in positive correlation with hydrocarbon transport capacity, so it can be qualitatively determined that the hydrocarbon transport capacity is the maximum when the fault surface is through at the end stage of hidden fault zone, i.e., the optimal hydrocarbon migration time.
引文
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[11]马寅生,曾庆利,张兴.黄骅拗陷新生代构造应力场演化的光弹模拟与石油地质条件分析[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(3):219-228.MA Yinsheng,ZENG Qingli,ZHANG Xing. Photoelastic experimental modelling of evolution of Cenozoic tectonic stress field and analysis of petroleum geological condition in Huanghua Depression[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2002,8(3):219-228.
[12]付广,周亮,安立刚.油源断裂输导油气能力定量评价与油气聚集——以南堡凹陷东一段为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012(4):8-12.FU Guang,ZHOU Liang,AN Ligang. Quantitative evaluation for hydrocarbon transport ability of faults connected with source rocks and relation with hydrocarbon accumulation:An example from E d1 of Nanpu Depression[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2012(4):8-12.
[13]肖露,李仲东,简高明,等.利津洼陷北部第三系构造样式及其分布[J].天然气技术与经济,2012,6(4):17-21.XIAO Lu,LI Zhongdong,JIAN Gaoming,et al. Structural Pattern and Distribution of Tertiary in the north of Lijin Sag[J]. Natural Gas Technology and Economy,2012,6(4):17-21.
[2]周维维,王伟锋,安邦,等.渤海湾盆地隐性断裂带识别及其地质意义[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(11):1 527-1 538.ZHOU Weiwei,WANG Weifeng,AN Bang,et al. Identification of covert fault zones and its geological significance in Bohai bay Basin[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(11):1 527-1 538.
[3]周维维,王伟锋,单晨晨.歧口凹陷隐性断裂带特征及其对油气聚集的控制作用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(4):29-36.ZHOU Weiwei,WANG Weifeng,SHAN Chenchen. Characteristic of concealed fault zone and its significance in hydrocarbon accumulation in Qikou Sag[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2016,40(4):29-36.
[4]周维维,王伟锋,安邦,等.渤海湾盆地隐性断裂带成因类型特征及其对油气聚集的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1 727-1 734.ZHOU Weiwei,WANG Weifeng,AN Bang,et al. Genetic types of potential fault zone and its significance on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1 727-1 734.
[5]张凡芹,王伟锋,张晶,等.沾化凹陷断层对沉积的控制作用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):1-6.ZHANG Fanqin,WANG Weifeng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Controlling of faults on sedimentation in Zhanghua sag[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2005,29(5):1-6.
[6]漆家福.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释[J].中国地质,2004,31(1):15-22.QI Jiafu. Two tectonic systems in the Cenozoic Bahai Bay basin and their genetic interpretation[J]. Geology in China,2004,31(1):15-22.
[7]张福利.黄骅拗陷中、北区构造特征与油气分布规律[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.ZHANG Fuli. Structural Feature and the Law of Oil-gas Reservoir Distribution in Middle-north area of Huanghua Depression[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2007.
[8]周立宏,卢异,肖敦清,等.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷盆地结构构造及演化[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):373-382.ZHOU Lihong, LU Yi, XIAO Dunqing, et al. Basinal Texture Structure of Qikou Sag in Bohai Bay Basin and Its Evolution[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(3):373-382.
[9]许立青,李三忠,索艳慧,等.渤海湾盆地大歧口凹陷断裂系统与陆内拉分断陷[J].地质科学,2015,50(2):489-502.XU Liqing,LI Sanzhong,SUO Yanhui,et al. Fault system and basin prototype of the Great Qikou sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2015, 50(2):489-502.
[10]高长海,查明.大港油田埕北断阶带不整合与油气运聚[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):37-42.GAO Changhai, ZHA Ming. Unconformity surface and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Chengbei fault step belt of Dagang Oilfield[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):37-42.
[11]马寅生,曾庆利,张兴.黄骅拗陷新生代构造应力场演化的光弹模拟与石油地质条件分析[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(3):219-228.MA Yinsheng,ZENG Qingli,ZHANG Xing. Photoelastic experimental modelling of evolution of Cenozoic tectonic stress field and analysis of petroleum geological condition in Huanghua Depression[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2002,8(3):219-228.
[12]付广,周亮,安立刚.油源断裂输导油气能力定量评价与油气聚集——以南堡凹陷东一段为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012(4):8-12.FU Guang,ZHOU Liang,AN Ligang. Quantitative evaluation for hydrocarbon transport ability of faults connected with source rocks and relation with hydrocarbon accumulation:An example from E d1 of Nanpu Depression[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2012(4):8-12.
[13]肖露,李仲东,简高明,等.利津洼陷北部第三系构造样式及其分布[J].天然气技术与经济,2012,6(4):17-21.XIAO Lu,LI Zhongdong,JIAN Gaoming,et al. Structural Pattern and Distribution of Tertiary in the north of Lijin Sag[J]. Natural Gas Technology and Economy,2012,6(4):17-21.
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