野生和野生亲本子一代大眼幼体在扣蟹阶段养殖性能的比较
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摘要
通过养殖实验,比较野生捕捞大眼幼体(G0)和野生亲本人工繁育大眼幼体(G1)在扣蟹养殖阶段的生长、成活率、早熟率和最终产量等指标,结果显示:(1)无论雌体还是雄体,野生群体在扣蟹阶段的平均体质量一直低于野生子一代群体,其中雌体120和150日龄时规格差异显著(P <0. 05);(2)两群体的增重率(weight growth rate,WGR)均呈下降趋势,且野生群体在扣蟹阶段的WGR总体低于人工繁育群体,仅雌体150～180日龄及180～210日龄这两个时间段内高于人工繁育群体;特定增长率(specific growth rate,SGR)变化趋势及差异性与WGR类似;(3)野生群体养成扣蟹的最终平均规格和一龄早熟率均低于人工繁育群体,但平均成活率和最终产量却高于人工繁育群体;(4)野生群体养成的最终扣蟹体质量主要集中于0～4. 00 g(36. 76%),并且显著高于野生G1人工繁育群体(P <0. 05),人工繁育群体体质量主要集中于4. 00～5. 99 g(26. 93%)和6. 00～7. 99 g (25. 43%)这两个范围内,两群体扣蟹在≥12 g体质量范围内的占比均较低,分别为8. 46%和7. 60%。野生亲本繁育子一代的大眼幼体在扣蟹阶段的平均体质量较大,但成活率和平均产量相对较低。通过养殖实验初步比较了两种不同来源的野生大眼幼体在扣蟹阶段的养殖效果,为合理选育和利用野生大眼幼体提供实践依据。
The research was aimed to compare the growth performance of wild megalopae( G0) and the offspring of wild broodstock( G1) of E. sinensis during the juvenile culture stage based on a culture experiment. The comparison and differences of body mass,survival rate,precocious rate,and the final yield are shown as follows:( 1) No matter for females or males,the average mass of wild G0 was consistently lower than that of wild G1 individuals throughout the culture period with significant differences at 120-day and 150-day old of females( P < 0. 05);( 2) The weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rage( SGR) of both populations were on the decline and they were generally higher in G1 individuals all through the culture stage except for the 150-180 and 180-210 days old.( 3) The survival,yield and precocious rate of wild G0 were relatively higher than those of wild G1 individuals;( 4) As for the size distribution of juvenile crabs,the body mass of wild G1 were mainly concentrated on the ranges of 0-4. 00 g( 36. 76%),but the wild G1 were mainly concentrated on 4. 00-5. 99 g( 26. 93%) and 6. 00-7. 99 g( 25. 43%),the percentage large-size juveniles( ≥12 g) were all low for both populations,only 8. 46% and 7. 60%. Wild megalopae were superior to the offspring of wild E. sinensis on survival rate and yield,and difference in nutritional value or immunity of both populations still needs further research. Through the culture experiment, the breeding effects of wild megalopae from two different sources in the juvenile culture stage were compared,which provided a practical basis for rational breeding and utilization of wild megalopae.
The research was aimed to compare the growth performance of wild megalopae( G0) and the offspring of wild broodstock( G1) of E. sinensis during the juvenile culture stage based on a culture experiment. The comparison and differences of body mass,survival rate,precocious rate,and the final yield are shown as follows:( 1) No matter for females or males,the average mass of wild G0 was consistently lower than that of wild G1 individuals throughout the culture period with significant differences at 120-day and 150-day old of females( P < 0. 05);( 2) The weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rage( SGR) of both populations were on the decline and they were generally higher in G1 individuals all through the culture stage except for the 150-180 and 180-210 days old.( 3) The survival,yield and precocious rate of wild G0 were relatively higher than those of wild G1 individuals;( 4) As for the size distribution of juvenile crabs,the body mass of wild G1 were mainly concentrated on the ranges of 0-4. 00 g( 36. 76%),but the wild G1 were mainly concentrated on 4. 00-5. 99 g( 26. 93%) and 6. 00-7. 99 g( 25. 43%),the percentage large-size juveniles( ≥12 g) were all low for both populations,only 8. 46% and 7. 60%. Wild megalopae were superior to the offspring of wild E. sinensis on survival rate and yield,and difference in nutritional value or immunity of both populations still needs further research. Through the culture experiment, the breeding effects of wild megalopae from two different sources in the juvenile culture stage were compared,which provided a practical basis for rational breeding and utilization of wild megalopae.
引文
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[24]陈欣然,牛翠娟,蒲丽君.水产动物密度胁迫研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(7):138-146.CHEN X R,NIU C J,PU L J. Effects of stocking density stress on aquatic animals:a review[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(7):138-146.
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[2]农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018:44-54.Bureau of Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,PRC. China fishery statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2018:44-54.
[3] SUI L Y,ZHANG F M,WANG X M,et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in its native range[J]. Marine Biology,2009,156(8):1573-1583.
[4]王怡平,赵乃刚.中国的河蟹养殖及其发展前景[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(6):735-740.WANG Y P,ZHAO N G. The culture of Chinese mitten crab and the prospect of its development[J]. Acta Hydrobiological Sinica,1999,23(6):735-740.
[5]顾孝连,乔振国.我国蟹类土池育苗技术研究进展[J].海洋渔业,2012,34(1):110-116.GU X L,QIAO Z G. Progress of the crab seed cultivation in earthen pond in China[J]. Marine Fisheries,2012,34(1):110-116.
[6]姜晓东,吴旭干,刘青,等.长江野生和池塘养殖河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蟹种早期养殖性能、抗病力和非特异性免疫性能的比较[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(6):131-137.JIANG X D,WU X G,LIU Q,et al. Comparison of the early culture performance,the disease resistance,and the non-specific immunity between wild-caught and pond-reared juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(6):131-137.
[7]何杰,吴旭干,姜晓东,等.野生和人工繁育大眼幼体在成蟹阶段的养殖性能比较[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(1):60-67.HE J,WU X G,JIANG X D,et al. Comparison of the culture performance of wild-caught and artifical breeding Chinese mitten crab megalopae reared in the grow-out ponds during the adult Eriocheir sinensis culture stage[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(1):60-67.
[8]张列士,李军.河蟹增养殖技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2002:5-248.ZHANG L S,LI J. Crab breeding technology[M]. Beijing:Jindun Press,2002:5-248.
[9]万全,苏时萍,马浩强,等.长江野生中华绒螯蟹育苗性能的初步研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(3):406-410.WAN Q,SU S P,MA H Q,et al. Preliminary study on the breeding performance for wild Yangtze River brood stocks of Chinese mitten crab[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2013,40(3):406-410.
[10]张列士,徐琴英.自然及养殖水体河蟹性成熟和性早熟的研究[J].水产科技情报,2001,28(3):106-111.ZHANG L S,XU Q Y. Studies on sex maturity and early maturity of mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)in natural and farming water[J]. Fisheries Science&Technology Information,2001,28(3):106-111.
[11] RACOTTA I S,PALACIOS E,IBARRA A M. Shrimp larval quality in relation to broodstock condition[J]. Aquaculture,2003,227(1/4):107-130.
[12]茅海成,王高龙,杨永超,等.中华绒螯蟹不同规格亲蟹池塘生态育苗效果的生产性评估[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(5):233-236.MAO H C,WANG G L,YANG Y C,et al. Productive evaluation of ecological breeding effect of different size crab ponds in Eriocheir sinensis[J]. Fisheries Science&Technology Information,2014,41(5):233-236.
[13]王亚威,姜晓东,吴旭干,等.中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟和晚熟群体选育第三代在扣蟹阶段的养殖性能评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):668-674.WANG Y W,JIANG X D,WU X G,et al. The evaluation of culture performance of the second-year early-maturing and late-maturing strains of the third selective generation during the juvenile culture of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(5):668-674.
[14]韦众,鲍传和.池塘养殖与湖泊放流河蟹的性腺肝脏指数比较[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(9):16-17.WEI Z,BAO C H. Index number of sexual gland and liver on Eriocheir sinensis in pond and lake[J]. Freshwater Fisheries,1999,29(9):16-17.
[15]陈泳先,陈晓汉,蒋伟明,等.饵料营养对亲虾繁殖性能及幼体质量影响研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(6):676-679.CHEN Y X,CHEN X H,JIANG W M,et al. Advances in effects of dietary bait nutrition on reproductive performance of broodstock and larva quality[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture,2011,42(6):676-679.
[16]吴旭干,成永旭,常国亮,等.亲本强化培育对中华绒螯蟹雌体生殖性能和Z1幼体质量的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(6):757-764.WU X G,CHENG Y X,CHANG G L,et al. Effect of enriching broodstock on reproductive performance and Z1quality of Eriocheir sinensis[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,31(6):757-764.
[17]王维娜,王安利,胡俊荣,等.水中饵料生物的种类和数量对虾蟹繁育率的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2000,20(4):405-409.WANG W N,WANG A L,HU J R,et al. Effect of the species and quantities of aquatic food organisms on the reproductive rate of shrimp and crab[J]. Journal of Hebei University,2000,20(4):405-409.
[18]田宝军,李英文,丁茜,等.轮虫与卤虫在营养价值等方面的比较[J].河北渔业,2007(12):45-47.TIAN B J,LI Y W,DING Q,et al. A comparison of rotifer and brine shrimp in nutrient value[J]. Hebei Fishery,2007(12):45-47.
[19] LEGER P,BIEBER G F,SORGELOOS P. International study on Artemia,XXXIII. Promising results in larval rearing of Penaeus stylirostris using a prepared diet as algal substitute and for Artemia enrichment[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1985,16(1/4):354-367.
[20]林琼武,王桂忠,李少菁.饵料对锯缘青蟹大眼幼体生长发育的影响[J].台湾海峡,2001,20(s1):16-22.LIN Q W,WANG G Z,LI S J. Effects of diets on growth and development of megalopa of mud crab Scylla serrata[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2001,20(s1):16-22.
[21]刘子琳,越川海,宁修仁,等.长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):93-99.LIU Z L, KOSHIKAWA H, NING X R, et al.Bacterioplankton production in dilution zone of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)estuary[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,23(4):93-99.
[22]成永旭,王武,李应森.河蟹的人工繁殖和育苗技术[J].水产科技情报,2007,34(2):73-75.CHENG Y X,WANG W,LI Y S. Artificial breeding and breeding techniques of crab[J]. Fisheries Science&Technology Information,2007,34(2):73-75.
[23]吴艳庆,张玉祥,杜荣斌,等.不同规格和投苗密度对仿刺参池塘网箱保苗效果的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(6):633-638.WU Y Q,ZHANG Y X,DU R B,et al. Effects of different size and density on intermediate seedling culture of sea cucumber,Aostichopus japonicus in net cages disposed in earthen ponds[J]. Fisheries Science,2016,35(6):633-638.
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