魁蚶中国群体与韩国群体杂交子一代养成期生长比较
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摘要
以魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)中国群体(C)和韩国群体(K)为材料,进行了4个组合的杂交和自交实验,测定了各实验组魁蚶在养成期(10~15月龄)的壳长、湿重,并计算了杂交组合的杂种优势。结果显示,养成期杂交KC组壳长显著高于自交CC组、KK组和杂交CK组,CK组壳长杂种优势率在–2.03%~5.44%之间,KC组壳长杂种优势率在4.40%~14.74%之间,且KC组壳长杂种优势率始终高于CK组;养成期杂交KC组湿重始终显著高于自交CC、KK组和杂交CK组,而杂交CK组仅在14、15月龄显著高于自交CC和KK组,2个杂交组合湿重的杂种优势率始终为正值,CK组湿重杂种优势率在1.41%~7.71%之间,KC组壳长杂种优势率在5.32%~23.71%之间,且KC组湿重的杂种优势率始终高于CK组,在湿重性状方面杂种优势更明显。综合分析表明,杂交KC组的杂交子一代在壳长和湿重方面的杂种优势更加明显,是理想的育种材料。
Scapharca broughtonii(Mollusca, Bivalve, Arcoida), one of the most important commercial marine bivalve species, is mainly distributed on the coasts of the Bohai Sea, and north of the Yellow Sea, China. With the deterioration of marine ecological environments resulting from the extended farming scale and frequency of human activities in coastal waters, and over-fishing, wild resources have decreased. Mass mortality has become a major constraint for the development of S. broughtonii culture. The hybridization of different populations has proven to be a good breeding method. Intraspecific hybridization was investigated using two stocks of S. broughtonii; the China population(C) and the Korea population(K). The shell length and wet weight were compared between two reciprocal hybrid crosses(C♀ × K♂, CK and K♀ × C♂, KC) and two parental groups(C♀ × C♂, CC and K♀ × K♂, KK) during the adult culture stage. The results showed that the shell length and wet weight of the KC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. The heterosis rates of the CK group for shell length was between –2.03% and 5.44%, and the KC group was between 4.40% and 14.74%. The heterosis rates of the CK group for wet weight was between 1.41% and 7.71%, and the KC group was between 5.32% and 23.71%. The heterosis rates of the KC group for shell length and wet weight was higher than those of CK group. The wet weight of the CK group was significantly higher than that of the CC and KK groups at 14 and 15 months, respectively. Additionally, the heterosis rate of the two reciprocal hybrid crosses for wet weight was positive and high. In summary, the heterosis rates of the KC group for shell length and wet weight were markedly higher than those of other three groups, thus, the KC hybrid group could be selected as an ideal breeding material.
Scapharca broughtonii(Mollusca, Bivalve, Arcoida), one of the most important commercial marine bivalve species, is mainly distributed on the coasts of the Bohai Sea, and north of the Yellow Sea, China. With the deterioration of marine ecological environments resulting from the extended farming scale and frequency of human activities in coastal waters, and over-fishing, wild resources have decreased. Mass mortality has become a major constraint for the development of S. broughtonii culture. The hybridization of different populations has proven to be a good breeding method. Intraspecific hybridization was investigated using two stocks of S. broughtonii; the China population(C) and the Korea population(K). The shell length and wet weight were compared between two reciprocal hybrid crosses(C♀ × K♂, CK and K♀ × C♂, KC) and two parental groups(C♀ × C♂, CC and K♀ × K♂, KK) during the adult culture stage. The results showed that the shell length and wet weight of the KC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. The heterosis rates of the CK group for shell length was between –2.03% and 5.44%, and the KC group was between 4.40% and 14.74%. The heterosis rates of the CK group for wet weight was between 1.41% and 7.71%, and the KC group was between 5.32% and 23.71%. The heterosis rates of the KC group for shell length and wet weight was higher than those of CK group. The wet weight of the CK group was significantly higher than that of the CC and KK groups at 14 and 15 months, respectively. Additionally, the heterosis rate of the two reciprocal hybrid crosses for wet weight was positive and high. In summary, the heterosis rates of the KC group for shell length and wet weight were markedly higher than those of other three groups, thus, the KC hybrid group could be selected as an ideal breeding material.
引文
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Yu T.Studies on the heterosis mechanism of scallop Chlamys farreri(♀)×Patinopecten yesoensis(♂).Master?s Thesis of Shanghai Ocean University,2011[于涛.栉孔扇贝(♀)×虾夷扇贝(♂)杂种优势遗传机理的研究.上海海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2011]
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Zhang HB,Liu X,Zhang GF,et al.Growth and survival of reciprocal crosses between two bay scallop,Argopecten irradians concentricus Say and A.irradians irradians Lamarck.Aquaculture,2007,272(S1):88-93
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Cai ZQ,Zheng YX,Ren LQ,et al.Growth and survival of the first hybrid generation of Chinese and Korean populations of Scapharca broughtonii.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(6):81-86[蔡忠强,郑言鑫,任利群,等.魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)中国群体与韩国群体杂交子一代的生长和存活比较.渔业科学进展,2016,37(6):81-86]
Chang YQ,Liu XL,Xiang JH,et al.The juvenile growth and survival of hybrid between Chinese population and Japanese population of Chlamys farreri.Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(5):385-390[常亚青,刘小林,相建海,等.栉孔扇贝中国种群与日本种群杂交一代的早期生长发育.水产学报,2002,26(5):385-390]
Chang YQ,Liu XL,Xiang JH,et al.Hybridization effects of the different geographic population of Chlamys farreriⅢ.The yearlong(1~2 years old)growth and development of Chinese population and Russian population and their reciprocal crosses.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2006,28(2):114-120[常亚青,刘小林,相建海,等.栉孔扇贝不同种群杂交效果.Ⅲ:中国种群与俄罗斯种群及其杂种1~2龄的生长发育.海洋学报,2006,28(2):114-120]
Fan ZT.Breeding of aquatic animal.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005,87-88[范兆廷.水产动物育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,2005,87-88]
Kong LF,Teng SS,Li Q.Growth and survival of the first generation of hybrid between Chinese and Japanese populations of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.Marine Sciences,2013,37(8):78-84[孔令锋,滕爽爽,李琪.长牡蛎中国群体与日本群体杂交子一代的生长和存活比较.海洋科学,2013,37(8):78-84]
Li YL,Chen C,Zhai JM,et al.Fish hybridization and its application in grouper.Marine Fisheries,2012,34(1):102-109[李炎璐,陈超,翟介明,等.鱼类杂交育种技术及其在石斑鱼类中的应用.海洋渔业,2012,34(1):102-109]
Liu SL,Yang AG.Healthy culture techniques of main marine shellfish in China.Beijing:Ocean Press,2005,176[刘世禄,杨爱国.中国主要海产贝类健康养殖技术.北京:海洋出版社,2005,176]
Liu XL,Chang YQ,Xiang JH,et al.The medium-term growth and development of hybrid between Chinese population and Japanese population of Chlamys farreri.Journal of Fisheries of China,2003a,27(3):193-199[刘小林,常亚青,相建海,等.栉孔扇贝中国种群与日本种群杂交一代的中期生长发育.水产学报,2003a,27(3):193-199]
Liu XL,Chang YQ,Xiang JH,et al.Studies on hybridization of the different geographic variety populations of Chlamys farreri.Ⅰ.Hybridization between Chinese population and Russian population of Chlamys farreri.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2003b,25(1):93-99[刘小林,常亚青,相建海,等.栉孔扇贝不同种群杂交效果的初步研究.Ⅰ.中国种群与俄罗斯种群的杂交.海洋学报,2003b,25(1):93-99]
Liu XL,Chang YQ,Xiang JH,et al.Studies on hybridization effects of the different geographic populations of Chlamys farreri.Ⅱ.The medium-term growth and development of Chinese population and Russian population and their reciprocal crosses.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(2):135-140[刘小林,常亚青,相建海,等.栉孔扇贝不同种群杂交效果的研究.Ⅱ.中国种群和俄罗斯种群及其杂种F1中期生长发育.海洋学报,2005,27(2):135-140]
Rahman MA,Uehara T,Aslan LM.Comparative viability and growth of hybrids between two sympatric species of sea urchins(Genus echinometra)in Okinawa.Aquaculture,2000,183(1-2):45-56
Wang RC,Wang ZP.Science of marine shellfish culture.Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2008,362[王如才,王昭萍.海水贝类养殖学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2008,362]
Wu QJ,Gui JF.Fish genetics and breeding engineering.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,1999,73-94[吴清江,桂建芳.鱼类遗传育种工程.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999,73-94]
Wu ZQ.Genetics and Breeding in aquaculture(Third Edition).Xiamen:Xiamen University Press,2000[吴仲庆.水产生物遗传育种学(第三版).厦门:厦门大学出版社,2000]
Yu T.Studies on the heterosis mechanism of scallop Chlamys farreri(♀)×Patinopecten yesoensis(♂).Master?s Thesis of Shanghai Ocean University,2011[于涛.栉孔扇贝(♀)×虾夷扇贝(♂)杂种优势遗传机理的研究.上海海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2011]
Zhang GF,Wang JH,Zhao HE,et al.The PAPD marker of self-bred and hybrid progeny Chinese and Japanese populations of Haliotis discus hannai Ino.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(5):484-491[张国范,王继红,赵洪恩,等.皱纹盘鲍中国群体和日本群体的自交与杂交F1的RAPD标记.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):484-491]
Zhang HB,Liu X,Zhang GF,et al.Growth and survival of reciprocal crosses between two bay scallop,Argopecten irradians concentricus Say and A.irradians irradians Lamarck.Aquaculture,2007,272(S1):88-93
Zheng HP,Zhang GF,Liu X,et al.Comparison of growth and survival between the self-fertilized and hybridized families in Argopecten irradians irradians.Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(3):267-272[郑怀平,张国范,刘晓,等.海湾扇贝杂交家系与自交家系生长和存活的比较.水产学报,2004,28(3):267-272]