新疆棉花生产性废弃物处理方式的影响因素分析
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摘要
建立农业可持续发展长效机制是推进生态文明建设的重要任务,也是解决"三农"问题的重要使命,农业面源污染问题日渐成为建立农业可持续发展长效机制的严峻挑战。新疆是全国最大的优质商品棉生产基地,其棉花种植占中国棉花种植面积近一半,棉花生产在有力促进新疆地区收入增加的同时其负外部性也日渐显现,农膜、农药瓶及化肥包装物等生产性废弃物随意处理现象突出,新疆已成为"白色污染"最严重的区域,如何无害化处理这些废弃物,具有十分重要的现实意义。文章为研究新疆棉花生产性废弃物的处理方式及其影响因素,基于对新疆玛纳斯县、呼图壁县、石河子市、莎车县、阿瓦提县及哈密市276家农户的调查数据,探讨农户对农膜、农药瓶及化肥包装物等农业生产性废弃物处理方式的选择,并运用Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。研究结果表明:棉农的受教育程度、棉花种植面积的大小、参与棉花专业合作社对于棉农对这些废弃物处理方式的选择具有正向作用,而棉农环保意识的高低没有转化成为其决策的重要因素。在此研究结论基础上,给出了有利于改善棉农生产性废弃物处理方式的几点启示。
The establishment of long- term mechanism for sustainable development of agriculture is not only a vital task for promoting the construction of ecological civilization but also an inseparable part of the solution of the " Three Agricultures" problem. Agricultural non- point source pollution has become a serious challenge of establishing long- term mechanism for sustainable development of agriculture. Xinjiang is the largest production base of high- quality commodity cotton in China,the cultivating area of cotton in Xinjiang accounted for nearly half of the national total cotton planting area. Along with the growth of cotton farming economy,negative externalities in the planting process has appeared,such as the random disposal of agricultural film,bottles of pesticide,and fertilizer packages.Xinjiang has become the worst white- polluted region in china. Thus,innocuous disposal of productive waste has great significance. This paper investigated the method of cultivating waste processing and it's affecting factors based on the survey data of 276 peasant households in Mannas,Hutubi,Shihezi,Yarkant,Awati and Hami,and analyzed the selection of cultivating waste processing of farmers' by applying Logistic Regression. The results showed that: the factors such as educational background of farmers,size of cotton planting area,and participation in planting cooperatives have positive effects on the options of waste disposal,but the environmental protection consciousness was no tan influencing factor. On the basis of the research conclusion,this paper put forward several enlightenments for benefiting the cotton cultivating waste disposal.
The establishment of long- term mechanism for sustainable development of agriculture is not only a vital task for promoting the construction of ecological civilization but also an inseparable part of the solution of the " Three Agricultures" problem. Agricultural non- point source pollution has become a serious challenge of establishing long- term mechanism for sustainable development of agriculture. Xinjiang is the largest production base of high- quality commodity cotton in China,the cultivating area of cotton in Xinjiang accounted for nearly half of the national total cotton planting area. Along with the growth of cotton farming economy,negative externalities in the planting process has appeared,such as the random disposal of agricultural film,bottles of pesticide,and fertilizer packages.Xinjiang has become the worst white- polluted region in china. Thus,innocuous disposal of productive waste has great significance. This paper investigated the method of cultivating waste processing and it's affecting factors based on the survey data of 276 peasant households in Mannas,Hutubi,Shihezi,Yarkant,Awati and Hami,and analyzed the selection of cultivating waste processing of farmers' by applying Logistic Regression. The results showed that: the factors such as educational background of farmers,size of cotton planting area,and participation in planting cooperatives have positive effects on the options of waste disposal,but the environmental protection consciousness was no tan influencing factor. On the basis of the research conclusion,this paper put forward several enlightenments for benefiting the cotton cultivating waste disposal.
引文
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[15]邢美华,张俊飚,黄光体.未参与循环农业农户的环保认知及其影响因素分析——基于晋鄂两省的调查.中国农村经济,2009,(4):72~79
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[19]何可,张俊飚,田云.农业废弃物资源化生态补偿支付意愿的影响因素及其差异性分析——基于湖北省农户调查的实证分析.资源科学,2013,35(3):627~637
[2]李鹏.农业废弃物循环利用的绩效评价及产业发展机制研究.武汉:华中农业科技大学,2014
[3]严昌荣,王序俭,何文清,等.新疆石河子地区棉田土壤中地膜残留研究.生态学报,2008,28(7):3470~3474
[4]刘艳霞.中国农村地膜残留污染现状及治理对策思考.西安:西北农林科技大学,2014
[5]董合干.地膜残留对棉花产量影响的极限研究.石河子:石河子大学,2013
[6]李波,何秉宗,张欢,等.新疆农业固体废物量预测及处理措施.新疆农机化,2009,(2):24~26
[7]李燕红.造成残膜污染的原因及解决途径.新疆农业科技,2007,(4):47
[8]袁平.农业污染及其综合防控的环境经济学研究——理论探讨与实证分析.北京:中国农业科学院,2008
[9]孙振钧,袁振宏,张夫道.农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质资源战略研究报告.北京:国家中长期科学和技术发展战略研究,2004
[10]蒋琳莉,张俊飚,何可,等.农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析.资源科学,2014,36(9):1925~1932
[11]彭文平.农民经济学——发展经济学的新发展.外国经济与管理,2002,24(2):2~6
[12]姜太碧,袁惊柱.城乡统筹发展中农户生活污物处理行为影响因素分析——基于“成都实验区”农户行为实证.生态经济,2013,(4):161~192
[13]华春林,张迁,姜雅丽,等.农户参与农业面源污染防治的教育培训项目影响因素分析.软科学,2013,(4):94~98
[14]仇焕广,莫海霞,白军飞,等.中国农村畜禽粪便处理方式及其影响因素——基于五省调查数据的实证分析.软科学,2012,(3):78~87
[15]邢美华,张俊飚,黄光体.未参与循环农业农户的环保认知及其影响因素分析——基于晋鄂两省的调查.中国农村经济,2009,(4):72~79
[16]Anter JM,Heidebrink G.Environment and development:Theory and international evidence.Economic Development and Culture Change,1995,43(3):603~625
[17]Mcconnell KE.Income and the demand for environmental quality.Environment and Development Economic,1997,(2):383~399
[18]邓正华,张俊飚,徐志祥,等.农村生活环境整治中农户认知与行为响应研究——以洞庭湖湿地保护区水稻主产区为例.农业技术经济,2013,(2):72~79
[19]何可,张俊飚,田云.农业废弃物资源化生态补偿支付意愿的影响因素及其差异性分析——基于湖北省农户调查的实证分析.资源科学,2013,35(3):627~637