渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷页岩微观孔隙特征实验研究
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摘要
页岩的微观孔隙结构是影响页岩油气富集与渗流机理的关键。利用氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温CO_2吸附、低温N_2吸附、高压压汞及核磁共振等实验方法,对沾化凹陷沙河街组陆相页岩的微观孔隙特征进行了研究。页岩主要发育有机孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝等6类孔隙。其中微孔、中孔和宏孔均有发育,微孔比表面积约占总比表面积的61.52%,提供了页岩油气吸附的主要空间,而中孔和宏孔则提供了大部分孔体积,分别占比49.99%和41.19%,对页岩油气的储集和运移起主要作用;页岩孔隙度为4.08%～7.04%,有效孔隙度为0.11%～0.64%,孔隙连通性差。
The micro-pore structure of shale is a key contol of shale oil and gas accumulation and seepage. The micro-pore structure of the continental shale in the Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Sag was analyzed by using argon-ion polishing SEM, CO_2 adsorption, N_2 adsorption, MIP and NMR. The shale displays six kinds of pores, including organic, intergranular, intragranular, intercrystalline, dissolution pores and micro-cracks. Micropores, mesopores and macropores are all developed. The micropore specific surface area accounts for about 61.52% of the total specific surface area, providing the main space for shale oil and gas adsorption. The mesopores and macropores provide most pore volume, accounting for 49.99% and 41.19%, respectively, which play a major role in the storage and migration of shale oil and gas. The shale porosity is 4.08%-7.04% and the effective porosity is 0.11%-0.64%, which means that pore connectivity is poor.
The micro-pore structure of shale is a key contol of shale oil and gas accumulation and seepage. The micro-pore structure of the continental shale in the Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Sag was analyzed by using argon-ion polishing SEM, CO_2 adsorption, N_2 adsorption, MIP and NMR. The shale displays six kinds of pores, including organic, intergranular, intragranular, intercrystalline, dissolution pores and micro-cracks. Micropores, mesopores and macropores are all developed. The micropore specific surface area accounts for about 61.52% of the total specific surface area, providing the main space for shale oil and gas adsorption. The mesopores and macropores provide most pore volume, accounting for 49.99% and 41.19%, respectively, which play a major role in the storage and migration of shale oil and gas. The shale porosity is 4.08%-7.04% and the effective porosity is 0.11%-0.64%, which means that pore connectivity is poor.
引文
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[2] 邹才能,陶士振,白斌,等.论非常规油气与常规油气的区别和联系[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(1):1-16. ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,BAI Bin,et al.Differences and relations between unconventional and conventional oil and gas[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(1):1-16.
[3] 张大权,张家强,王玉芳,等.中国非常规油气勘探开发进展与前景[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):1068-1075. ZHANG Daquan,ZHANG Jiaqiang,WANG Yufang,et al.China’s unconventional oil and gas exploration and development:progress and prospects[J].Resources Science,2015,37(5):1068-1075.
[4] 卢双舫,薛海涛,王民,等.页岩油评价中的若干关键问题及研究趋势[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1309-1322. LU Shuangfang,XUE Haitao,WANG Min,et al.Several key issues and research trends in evaluation of shale oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(10):1309-1322.
[5] 张东晓,杨婷云,吴天昊,等.页岩气开发机理和关键问题[J].科学通报,2016,61(1):62-71. ZHANG Dongxiao,YANG Tingyun,WU Tianhao,et al.Recovery mechanisms and key issues in shale gas development[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(1):62-71.
[6] 盛湘,陈祥,章新文,等.中国陆相页岩油开发前景与挑战[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(3):267-271. SHENG Xiang,CHEN Xiang,ZHANG Xinwen,et al.Prospects and challenges of continental shale oil development in China[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2015,37(3):267-271.
[7] 付茜.中国页岩油勘探开发现状、挑战及前景[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):58-62. FU Qian.The status,challenge and prospect of shale oil exploration and development in China[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2015,37(4):58-62.
[8] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331. ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al.Classification and evaluation of shale oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):322-331.
[9] 朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.昭通示范区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及吸附能力[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):1-6. ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and methane adsorption capacity of shale in the Longmaxi Formation in the Zhaotong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(4):1-6.
[10] 李旭,蔡进功,宋明水,等.泥页岩烃—孔隙—表面的关系及其对残留烃评价的意义[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(5):493-505. LI Xu,CAI Jingong,SONG Mingshui,et al.The relationships among hydrocarbon-pore-surface in shale rocks and their significance for the evaluation of residual hydrocarbons[J].Advances in Earth Science,2018,33(5):493-505.
[11] BRUNAUER S,EMMETT P H,TELLER E.Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1938,60(2):309-319.
[12] 杨峰,宁正福,张世栋,等.基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):135-140. YANG Feng,NING Zhengfu,ZHANG Shidong,et al.Characte-rization of pore structures in shales through nitrogen adsorption experiment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):135-140.
[13] DUBININ M M.Physical adsorption of gases and vapors in micropores[J].Progress in Surface and Membrane Science,1975,9:1-70.
[14] 赵俊龙,汤达祯,许浩,等.基于二氧化碳吸附实验的页岩微孔结构精细表征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(5):156-161. ZHAO Junlong,TANG Dazhen,XU Hao,et al.Fine characterization of the shale micropore structures based on the carbon dioxide adsorption experiment[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(5):156-161.
[15] 姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134. JIANG Zhenxue,TANG Xianglu,LI Zhuo,et al.The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):126-134.
[16] 马勇,钟宁宁,程礼军,等.渝东南两套富有机质页岩的孔隙结构特征:来自FIB-SEM的新启示[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):109-116. MA Yong,ZHONG Ningning,CHENG Lijun,et al.Pore structure of two organic-rich shales in southeastern Chongqing area:insight from Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM)[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2015,37(1):109-116.
[17] 李廷微,姜振学,许辰璐,等.沾化凹陷沙三下亚段陆相页岩储层微—纳米孔隙结构特征[J].石油科学通报,2017,2(4):445-456. LI Tingwei,JIANG Zhenxue,XU Chenlu,et al.Shale micro-nano pore structure characteristics in the lower third member of the continental Shahejie Formation, Zhanhua Sag[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,2(4):445-456.
[18] 刘毅,陆正元,戚明辉,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙河街组页岩油微观储集特征[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):180-185. LIU Yi,LU Zhengyuan,QI Minghui,et al.Microscopic characteristics of shale oil reservoirs in Shahejie Formation in Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(2):180-185.
[19] 刘毅,陆正元,冯明石,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙河街组页岩油储层微观孔隙特征[J].地质学报,2017,91(3):629-644. LIU Yi,LU Zhengyuan,FENG Mingshi,et al.Micro-pore characteristics of shale oil reservoirs of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(3):629-644.
[20] 张磊磊,陆正元,王军,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙三下亚段页岩油层段微观孔隙结构[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):80-86. ZHANG Leilei,LU Zhengyuan,WANG Jun,et al.Microscopic pore structure of shale oil reservoirs in the lower 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(1):80-86.
[21] 王运海.四川盆地平桥地区五峰—龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(3):337-344. WANG Yunhai.Micro-pore characteristics of shale from Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Pingqiao area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(3):337-344.
[22] 纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微—纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):182-195. JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Micro-nano pore structure characteristics and its control factors of shale in Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):182-195.
[23] SING K S W,EVERETT D H,HAUL R A W,et al.Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity[J].Pure andApplied Chemistry,1985,57(4):603-619.
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