渤海湾盆地新生界沉积洼陷类型及与油气富集的关系
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摘要
渤海湾盆地发育数十个含油气凹陷,各凹陷往往发育多个新生界沉积厚度大、地层发育较完整的洼陷。沉积洼陷是凹陷中油气生成、运聚的基本单元,并控制了油气的平面分布;不同类型洼陷的沉降和沉积特征以及油气富集情况存在较大的差异。基于大量统计资料,对渤海湾盆地新生界的洼陷类型及与油气富集的关系开展了分析。渤海湾盆地新生界洼陷依据控洼断层的活动速率以及地层的沉积速率、埋藏史和剥蚀厚度,可划分为早期发育型、继承发育型和晚期发育型3大类,并可细分为早期Ⅰ型、早期Ⅱ型、继承Ⅰ型、继承Ⅱ型、晚期Ⅰ型和晚期Ⅱ型6种基本类型;不同类型洼陷的分布具有分区性,其主力烃源岩系及生烃期不同。采用模糊数学评价方法对渤海湾盆地主要含油气凹陷中的54个洼陷进行生烃能力评价,可将其划分为A类、B类、C类和D类4类生烃洼陷。沉积洼陷的发育类型与生烃类型整体上具有一定对应关系:A类和B类洼陷的生烃能力强,多为继承发育型和晚期发育型洼陷;C类和D类洼陷的生烃能力为中等—较差,以早期发育型洼陷居多。富油凹陷主要由继承发育和晚期发育的A类和B类生烃洼陷组成;而由早期发育型洼陷组成的凹陷,其含油气情况则较差。洼陷的发育类型与油气的运移距离及富集层系也具有一定相关性:继承发育和晚期发育的A类生烃洼陷的供烃动力强,油气运移距离较长,因此,继承发育型洼陷中油气多富集于中部层系,而在晚期发育型洼陷中油气在浅部层系较富集;早期发育型洼陷的供烃动力较弱,油气运移的距离较短且油气主要赋存于下部层系。
There are dozens of oil-bearing sags in Bohai Bay Basin,where multiple Cenozoic subsags with large sedimentary thickness and complete stratigraphic system are developed in each sag.Sedimentary subsag is the basic unit of oil and gas generation,migration and accumulation in the sag,controlling the plane distribution of oil and gas.There are great differences in the sedimentation and sedimentary characteristics of different types of subsags and hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on massive statistical data,this study analyzes the Cenozoic subsag types of Bohai Bay Basin and their relationships with oil and gas enrichment.The Cenozoic subsags in Bohai Bay Basin can be classified into early developmental,inherited developmental and late developmental types according to the activity rates of subsag-controlling faults and the sedimentary rates,burial history and denudation thickness of strata,which can be subdivided into6 basic types of early typeⅠ,early typeⅡ,inherited typeⅠ,inherited typeⅡ,late typeⅠand late typeⅡ.Various types of subsags are characterized with zonal distribution,different chief source rock series and hydrocarbon-generating periods.The fuzzy mathematics evaluation method was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potentials of 54 subsags in the main sags of Bohai Bay Basin;they can be classified into 4 categories of hydrocarbon-generating subsags,namely category A,B,C and D.The developmental types of sedimentary subsag have certain corresponding relationships with the hydrocarbon-generating categories,i.e.,category A and B subsags have strong hydrocarbon generation potentials,dominated by the inherited and late developmental subsags;category C and D subsags have moderate-poor hydrocarbon generation potentials,dominated by the early developmental subsags.The oil-rich sags are mainly composed of the inherited and late developmental,category A and B hydrocarbon-generating subsags,while the sags composed of the early developmental subsags have low hydrocarbon contents.The developmental types of subsags also have certain relations to the hydrocarbon migration distances and the enrichment strata:the category A hydrocarbon-bearing subsags with inherited and late developmental features have strong hydrocarbon supply capacities and long hydrocarbon migration distances.Therefore,for the inherited developmental subsags,oil and gas are enriched in the middle strata,while for the late developmental subsags,oil and gas can be enriched in the shallow strata;the early developmental subsags have weak hydrocarbon supplies and short hydrocarbon migration distances so that oil and gas mainly occur in the deep strata.
There are dozens of oil-bearing sags in Bohai Bay Basin,where multiple Cenozoic subsags with large sedimentary thickness and complete stratigraphic system are developed in each sag.Sedimentary subsag is the basic unit of oil and gas generation,migration and accumulation in the sag,controlling the plane distribution of oil and gas.There are great differences in the sedimentation and sedimentary characteristics of different types of subsags and hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on massive statistical data,this study analyzes the Cenozoic subsag types of Bohai Bay Basin and their relationships with oil and gas enrichment.The Cenozoic subsags in Bohai Bay Basin can be classified into early developmental,inherited developmental and late developmental types according to the activity rates of subsag-controlling faults and the sedimentary rates,burial history and denudation thickness of strata,which can be subdivided into6 basic types of early typeⅠ,early typeⅡ,inherited typeⅠ,inherited typeⅡ,late typeⅠand late typeⅡ.Various types of subsags are characterized with zonal distribution,different chief source rock series and hydrocarbon-generating periods.The fuzzy mathematics evaluation method was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potentials of 54 subsags in the main sags of Bohai Bay Basin;they can be classified into 4 categories of hydrocarbon-generating subsags,namely category A,B,C and D.The developmental types of sedimentary subsag have certain corresponding relationships with the hydrocarbon-generating categories,i.e.,category A and B subsags have strong hydrocarbon generation potentials,dominated by the inherited and late developmental subsags;category C and D subsags have moderate-poor hydrocarbon generation potentials,dominated by the early developmental subsags.The oil-rich sags are mainly composed of the inherited and late developmental,category A and B hydrocarbon-generating subsags,while the sags composed of the early developmental subsags have low hydrocarbon contents.The developmental types of subsags also have certain relations to the hydrocarbon migration distances and the enrichment strata:the category A hydrocarbon-bearing subsags with inherited and late developmental features have strong hydrocarbon supply capacities and long hydrocarbon migration distances.Therefore,for the inherited developmental subsags,oil and gas are enriched in the middle strata,while for the late developmental subsags,oil and gas can be enriched in the shallow strata;the early developmental subsags have weak hydrocarbon supplies and short hydrocarbon migration distances so that oil and gas mainly occur in the deep strata.
引文
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[2]陈建渝,熊书权,毕研鹏,等.断陷盆地中含油气系统的特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):36-41.CHEN Jianyu,XIONG Shuquan,BI Yanpeng,et al.The characteristics of petroleum system in faulted basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(2):36-41.
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[4]胡朝元.“源控论”适用范围量化分析[J].天然气工业,2005,25(10):1-3.HU Chaoyuan.Research on the appliance extent of“source control theory”by semi-quantitative statistics characteristics of oil and gas migration distance[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(10):1-3.
[5]赵贤正,金凤鸣,王权,等.陆相断陷盆地洼槽聚油理论及其应用——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷和二连盆地为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):18-24.ZHAO Xianzheng,JIN Fengming,WANG Quan,et al.Theory of hydrocarbon accumulation in troughs within continental faulted basins and its application:a case study in Jizhong depression and Erlian Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):18-24.
[6]蒋有录,卓勤功,谈玉明,等.富油凹陷不同洼陷烃源岩的热演化及生烃特征差异性[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(5):500-505.JIANG Youlu,ZHUO Qingong,TAN Yuming,et al.Diversity in the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation of source socks in different sub-depressions of rich oil depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(5):500-505.
[7]陈云林.论富油洼陷及其意义[J].中国石油勘探,1999(2):8-11.CHEN Yunlin.Concept of oil-rich subsag and its significance[J].China Petrleum Exploration,1999(2):8-11.
[8]朱光有,金强,张水昌,等.济阳坳陷生烃洼陷的成因类型及生烃潜力比较[J].天然气工业,2005(11):25(11):17-20.ZHU Guangyou,JIN Qiang,ZHANG Shuichang,et al.Research on the genetic type and hydrocarbon generation potential of the hydrocarbon generation sag in Jiyang depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(11):17-20.
[9]王鑫,蒋有录,王永诗,等.济阳坳陷生烃洼陷沉降类型及其油气地质意义[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):24-29.WANG Xin,JIANG Youlu,WANG Yongshi,et al.Settlement types of hydrocarbon-generating sag in the Jiyang depression and their geologic significance for hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):24-29.
[10]杨德相,蒋有录,赵志刚,等.冀中坳陷洼槽地质特征及其与油气分布关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):990-1001.YANG Dexiang,JIANG Youlu,ZHAO Zhigang,et al.Geological characteristics of sub-sags and their relation with hydrocarbon distribution in Jizhong depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(5):990-1001.
[11]陆克政,漆家福.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.LU Kezheng,QI Jiafu.Tectonic model of Cenozoic petroliferous Bohai Bay province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[12]薛永安,余宏忠,项华.渤海湾盆地主要凹陷油气富集规律对比研究[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(3):145-148.XUE Yong’an,YU Hongzhong,XIANG Hua.A comparative study on hydrocarbon enrichment of main sags in Bohai Bay Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(3):145-148.
[13]邓运华,薛永安,于水,等.浅层油气运聚理论与渤海大油田群的发现[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):1-8.DENG Yunhua,XUE Yong’an,YU Shui,et al.Shallow hydrocarbon migration and accumulation theory and discovery of giant oilfield group in Bohai Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):1-8.
[14]赵文智,池英柳.渤海湾盆地含油气层系区域分布规律与主控因素[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):10-15.ZHAO Wenzhi,CHI Yingliu.Regional distribution regularity and its controlling factors of oil and gas bearing series in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(1):10-15.
[15]翟中喜,白振瑞.渤海湾盆地石油储量增长规律及潜力分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):88-94.ZHAI Zhongxi,BAI Zhenrui.Pattern and potential of petroleum reserves growth in the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):88-94.
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