不同栽培模式对华南双季晚稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响
|
摘要
为探讨氮肥运筹和栽插规格等栽培管理措施对华南双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响,以杂交稻粤杂889为材料,设置6种栽培模式,分别为不施氮肥(N0),前期重施氮肥的农民习惯栽培(FP,N肥200 kg·hm~(-2),栽插规格20.0 cm×23.3 cm),氮肥后移与不同栽插规格组成的4种栽培模式(简称优化模式),即高产高效1(M1,N肥180 kg·hm~(-2),氮肥后移,20.0 cm×20.0 cm)、高产高效2(M2,N肥200 kg·hm~(-2),氮肥后移,30.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株)、高产高效3(M3,N肥180 kg·hm~(-2),氮肥后移,25.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株)和高产高效4(M4,N肥220 kg·hm~(-2),氮肥后移,30.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株),比较不同栽培模式下水稻产量形成特点和氮素吸收利用特征。M1、M2、M3和M4栽培模式,2011年较FP分别增产16.7%、20.5%、18.3%和24.1%,2012年较FP模式分别增产6.3%、16.0%、22.9%和12.8%。与M1相比,M2、M3和M4增产1.3%～15.6%。两年中,M1、M2、M3和M4的氮肥吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力平均比FP提高65.2%～82.4%、55.6%～88.1%和7.9%～33.9%,差异显著。优化模式产量的提高主要与单位面积颖花数和结实率的增加密切相关;4种优化管理模式的平均增产量分别与抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、穗分化始期和成熟期氮素积累量、氮素农学利用率和吸收利用率呈显著或极显著的线性正相关。结果表明,在现有技术的基础上通过优化氮肥用量和栽插规格综合措施具有进一步提高产量和氮肥利用效率的潜力。
The objective of this study was to investigate if an integrated cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice in South China. The indica hybrid rice cultivar Yueza 889 was used and six cultivation patterns were conducted in the late seasons of 2011 and 2012. i.e., zero nitrogen application, farmer's practice(FP) and 4 integrated crop managements(M1-M4) varying in nitrogen fertilizer management and planting density. Compared with that of FP, the grain yields of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were increased by 16.7%, 20.5%, 18.3% and 24.1% in 2011, and by 6.3%, 16.0%, 22.9% and 12.8% in 2012. The M2, M3 and M4 yielded more grains by 1.3%-15.6% than M1. Compared with those of FP, the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were significantly increased by 65.2%-82.4%, 55.6%-88.1% and 7.9%-33.9% in two years. The enhanced yield was mainly attributable to the increase in both spikelets per unit area and filled grain percentage. The yield enhancement was highly correlated with dry weight at maturity, or amount of dry matter accumulated from heading to maturity. It was also significantly correlated with nitrogen accumulation at panicle initiation or maturity, and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency. The newly-developed cultural practices could be used in rice production for additional enhancement in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
The objective of this study was to investigate if an integrated cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice in South China. The indica hybrid rice cultivar Yueza 889 was used and six cultivation patterns were conducted in the late seasons of 2011 and 2012. i.e., zero nitrogen application, farmer's practice(FP) and 4 integrated crop managements(M1-M4) varying in nitrogen fertilizer management and planting density. Compared with that of FP, the grain yields of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were increased by 16.7%, 20.5%, 18.3% and 24.1% in 2011, and by 6.3%, 16.0%, 22.9% and 12.8% in 2012. The M2, M3 and M4 yielded more grains by 1.3%-15.6% than M1. Compared with those of FP, the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were significantly increased by 65.2%-82.4%, 55.6%-88.1% and 7.9%-33.9% in two years. The enhanced yield was mainly attributable to the increase in both spikelets per unit area and filled grain percentage. The yield enhancement was highly correlated with dry weight at maturity, or amount of dry matter accumulated from heading to maturity. It was also significantly correlated with nitrogen accumulation at panicle initiation or maturity, and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency. The newly-developed cultural practices could be used in rice production for additional enhancement in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
引文
[1] 朱德峰,张玉屏,陈惠哲,等.中国水稻高产栽培技术创新与实践[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3404-3414.ZHU D F,ZHANG Y P,CHEN H Z,et al.Innovation and practice of high-yield rice cultivation technology in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3404-3414.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] ZHANG Q.Strategies for developing green super rice[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(42):16402-16409.
[3] ZORRILLA G,MARTíNEZ C,BERRíO L,et al.Improving rice production systems in Latin America and the Caribbean[M]//HERSHEY C.Eco-efficiency:from vision to reality.CIAT,Cali,Columbia,2012:161-170.
[4] 闫川,丁艳锋,王强盛,等.行株距配置对水稻茎秆形态生理与群体生态的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(5):530-536.YAN C,DING Y F,WANG Q S,et al.Effects of row-spacing on morphological and eco-physiological characteristics in rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2007,21(5):530-536.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 周江明,赵琳,董越勇,等.氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281.ZHOU J M,ZHAO L,DONG Y Y,et al.Nitrogen and transplanting density interactions on the rice yield and N use rate[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):274-281.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] PENG S B,BURESH R J,HUANG J L,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2010,30(3):649-656.
[7] CHEN Y T,PENG J,WANG J,et al.Crop management based on multi-split topdressing enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice in China[J].Field Crops Research,2015,184:50-57.
[8] QIN J Q,IMPA S M,TANG Q Y,et al.Integrated nutrient,water and other agronomic options to enhance rice grain yield and N use efficiency in double-season rice crop[J].Field Crops Research,2013,148:15-23.
[9] WANG D P,HUANG J L,NIE L X,et al.Integrated crop management practices for maximizing grain yield of double-season rice crop[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:38982.
[10] PENG X L,YANG Y M,YU C L,et al.Crop management for increasing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in northeast China[J].Agronomy Journal,2015,107(5):1682.
[11] PENG S B,BURESH R J,HUANG J L,et al.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China[J].Field Crops Research,2006,96(1):37-47.
[12] PENG S B,TANG Q Y,ZOU Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Production Science,2009,12(1):3-8.
[13] 田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):150-157.TIAN K,ZHONG X H,HUANG N R.Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth,development and nitrogen uptake of rice[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(16):150-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 黄农荣,钟旭华,程飞虎,等.水稻“三控”施肥技术示范应用进展[J].中国稻米,2013,19(4):146-147.HUANG N R,ZHONG X H,CHENG F H,et al.Demonstration and extension of “three controls” technology for rice[J].China Rice,2013,19(4):146-147.(in Chinese)
[15] 孙长占,乔春贵,邵喜文,等.水稻产量构成因素与产量关系的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1993,15(增刊1):64-67.SUN C Z,QIAO C G,SHAO X W,et al.Study on the relationship between yield components and grain yield of rice[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1993,15(Suppl.1):64-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,等.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328.CHEN H F,FENG Y,CAI H M,et al.Effect of the interaction of nitrogen and transplanting density on the rice population structure and grain yield in low-yield paddy fields[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(6):1319-1328.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] SUI B,FENG X M,TIAN G L,et al.Optimizing nitrogen supply increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating yield formation factors[J].Field Crops Research,2013,150:99-107.
[18] LIU T M,SHAO D,KOVI M R,et al.Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci for spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2010,120(5):933-942.
[19] YOSHIDA S,PARAO F T.Performance of improved rice varieties in the tropics with special reference to tillering capacity[J].Experimental Agriculture,1972,8(3):203-212.
[20] 凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:42-120.
[21] 潘俊峰,李国辉,崔克辉.水稻茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物再分配及其在稳产和抗逆中的作用[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(4):335-342.PAN J F,LI G H,CUI K H.Re-partitioning of non-structural carbohydrates in rice stems and their roles in yield stability and stress tolerance[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2014,28(4):335-342.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 凌启鸿.中国特色水稻栽培理论和技术体系的形成与发展:纪念陈永康诞辰一百周年[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(2):101-113.LING Q H.Formation and development of theory and technological system of rice cultivation with Chinese characteristics:report for the 100th anniversary of Chen Yongkang's birth[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,24(2):101-113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].杂交水稻,2007,22(4):62-66,70.ZHONG X H,HUANG N R,ZHENG H B,et al.Effect of nitrogen application timing on grain yield,nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of hybrid rice in south China[J].Hybrid Rice,2007,22(4):62-66,70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] JIANG L G,DAI T B,JIANG D,et al.Characterizing physiological N-use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen management in three rice cultivars[J].Field Crops Research,2004,88(2/3):239-250.
[25] 钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.水稻抽穗期叶色诊断指标与叶面积指数及结实期光强的关系[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):147-153.ZHONG X H,HUANG N R,ZHENG H B,et al.The relationship between leaf color threshold and leaf area index at heading and light intensity during grain-filling[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):147-153.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] ZHANG Q.Strategies for developing green super rice[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(42):16402-16409.
[3] ZORRILLA G,MARTíNEZ C,BERRíO L,et al.Improving rice production systems in Latin America and the Caribbean[M]//HERSHEY C.Eco-efficiency:from vision to reality.CIAT,Cali,Columbia,2012:161-170.
[4] 闫川,丁艳锋,王强盛,等.行株距配置对水稻茎秆形态生理与群体生态的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(5):530-536.YAN C,DING Y F,WANG Q S,et al.Effects of row-spacing on morphological and eco-physiological characteristics in rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2007,21(5):530-536.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 周江明,赵琳,董越勇,等.氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281.ZHOU J M,ZHAO L,DONG Y Y,et al.Nitrogen and transplanting density interactions on the rice yield and N use rate[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):274-281.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] PENG S B,BURESH R J,HUANG J L,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2010,30(3):649-656.
[7] CHEN Y T,PENG J,WANG J,et al.Crop management based on multi-split topdressing enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice in China[J].Field Crops Research,2015,184:50-57.
[8] QIN J Q,IMPA S M,TANG Q Y,et al.Integrated nutrient,water and other agronomic options to enhance rice grain yield and N use efficiency in double-season rice crop[J].Field Crops Research,2013,148:15-23.
[9] WANG D P,HUANG J L,NIE L X,et al.Integrated crop management practices for maximizing grain yield of double-season rice crop[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:38982.
[10] PENG X L,YANG Y M,YU C L,et al.Crop management for increasing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in northeast China[J].Agronomy Journal,2015,107(5):1682.
[11] PENG S B,BURESH R J,HUANG J L,et al.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China[J].Field Crops Research,2006,96(1):37-47.
[12] PENG S B,TANG Q Y,ZOU Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Production Science,2009,12(1):3-8.
[13] 田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):150-157.TIAN K,ZHONG X H,HUANG N R.Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth,development and nitrogen uptake of rice[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(16):150-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 黄农荣,钟旭华,程飞虎,等.水稻“三控”施肥技术示范应用进展[J].中国稻米,2013,19(4):146-147.HUANG N R,ZHONG X H,CHENG F H,et al.Demonstration and extension of “three controls” technology for rice[J].China Rice,2013,19(4):146-147.(in Chinese)
[15] 孙长占,乔春贵,邵喜文,等.水稻产量构成因素与产量关系的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1993,15(增刊1):64-67.SUN C Z,QIAO C G,SHAO X W,et al.Study on the relationship between yield components and grain yield of rice[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1993,15(Suppl.1):64-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,等.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328.CHEN H F,FENG Y,CAI H M,et al.Effect of the interaction of nitrogen and transplanting density on the rice population structure and grain yield in low-yield paddy fields[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(6):1319-1328.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] SUI B,FENG X M,TIAN G L,et al.Optimizing nitrogen supply increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating yield formation factors[J].Field Crops Research,2013,150:99-107.
[18] LIU T M,SHAO D,KOVI M R,et al.Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci for spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2010,120(5):933-942.
[19] YOSHIDA S,PARAO F T.Performance of improved rice varieties in the tropics with special reference to tillering capacity[J].Experimental Agriculture,1972,8(3):203-212.
[20] 凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:42-120.
[21] 潘俊峰,李国辉,崔克辉.水稻茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物再分配及其在稳产和抗逆中的作用[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(4):335-342.PAN J F,LI G H,CUI K H.Re-partitioning of non-structural carbohydrates in rice stems and their roles in yield stability and stress tolerance[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2014,28(4):335-342.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 凌启鸿.中国特色水稻栽培理论和技术体系的形成与发展:纪念陈永康诞辰一百周年[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(2):101-113.LING Q H.Formation and development of theory and technological system of rice cultivation with Chinese characteristics:report for the 100th anniversary of Chen Yongkang's birth[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,24(2):101-113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].杂交水稻,2007,22(4):62-66,70.ZHONG X H,HUANG N R,ZHENG H B,et al.Effect of nitrogen application timing on grain yield,nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of hybrid rice in south China[J].Hybrid Rice,2007,22(4):62-66,70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] JIANG L G,DAI T B,JIANG D,et al.Characterizing physiological N-use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen management in three rice cultivars[J].Field Crops Research,2004,88(2/3):239-250.
[25] 钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.水稻抽穗期叶色诊断指标与叶面积指数及结实期光强的关系[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):147-153.ZHONG X H,HUANG N R,ZHENG H B,et al.The relationship between leaf color threshold and leaf area index at heading and light intensity during grain-filling[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):147-153.(in Chinese with English abstract)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |