不同海拔梯度马尾松天然群落结构特征研究
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摘要
为定量分析不同海拔梯度上马尾松(Pinus massoniana)天然群落的结构特征,采用物种丰富度R、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数对马尾松天然群落生物多样性进行了测定,并对群落垂直结构、主要优势种重要值、群落生活型等进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)马尾松天然群落有植物11 746株,分属51科97属116种,物种随海拔梯度上升而增加.其中,中海拔梯度(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)的物种多样性最丰富,山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)在低海拔梯度和高海拔梯度中均有分布;(2)随海拔梯度上升,4个海拔梯度乔木层主要优势种的种类依次为5种、13种、6种、8种.其中每个海拔梯度中均有马尾松分布,其重要值随海拔梯度上升呈现"下降-上升-下降"趋势;(3)随海拔梯度上升,群落物种丰富度呈"上升-下降-上升"趋势;群落物种多样性随海拔上升呈线性增长;(4)群落树高随海拔梯度上升而增高,其中群落平均树高多在9 m以上,主要分布在5~10 m区间.(5)群落中落叶型植物多于常绿型.随海拔梯度上升,落叶乔木呈"下降-上升"趋势,常绿乔木呈"上升-下降-上升"趋势;常绿灌木呈上升趋势,落叶灌木呈"下降-上升"趋势.海拔梯度的变化使马尾松天然群落的结构特征存在一定差异,这为马尾松天然林的经营管理、生物多样性保护等方面提供了指导意义,也为揭示此类森林群落结构特征变化规律提供了重要的参考价值.
Data on the diversity(including species richness,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index),community structure,importance value of dominant species and life form of species of Pinus massoniana community were analyzed at different altitudinal gradients. The results were summarized as follows:(1)There were 11 746 plant individuals in the natural community of Pinus,belonging to 97 families and 116 genera and 51 species.The species increased with the increase of altitude.The species diversity of the middle altitude gradient was the most abundant,and Elaeocarpus sylvestris was distributed both in the low and high altitude.(2)With the increase of the altitude,the dominant species richness in the tree layer of the 4elevation gradients were 5 species,13 species,6 species and 8 species.The distribution of Pinus massoniana were found in each altitude gradient,and the importance values increased and then decreased with the increasing altitude.(3)The species richness decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The species diversity increased gradually with the increase of altitude.(4)The height of species increased with the increase of altitude,the average tree height was more than 9 meters which was mainly distributed in the 5 ~ 10 m.(5)There were more deciduous species in the community than evergreen species.The deciduous species increased and then decreased,and the evergreen species decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The evergreen shrubs showed a rising trend,and the deciduous shrubs decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The results showed that the variations of the altitude gradient were the main factors affecting the structure of Pinus massoniana community,which provided a theoretical significance value for managing the natural forest of Pinus massoniana and protecting species diversity,which also offered important evidence for revealing the variation of the structural characteristics of this kind of communities.
Data on the diversity(including species richness,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index),community structure,importance value of dominant species and life form of species of Pinus massoniana community were analyzed at different altitudinal gradients. The results were summarized as follows:(1)There were 11 746 plant individuals in the natural community of Pinus,belonging to 97 families and 116 genera and 51 species.The species increased with the increase of altitude.The species diversity of the middle altitude gradient was the most abundant,and Elaeocarpus sylvestris was distributed both in the low and high altitude.(2)With the increase of the altitude,the dominant species richness in the tree layer of the 4elevation gradients were 5 species,13 species,6 species and 8 species.The distribution of Pinus massoniana were found in each altitude gradient,and the importance values increased and then decreased with the increasing altitude.(3)The species richness decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The species diversity increased gradually with the increase of altitude.(4)The height of species increased with the increase of altitude,the average tree height was more than 9 meters which was mainly distributed in the 5 ~ 10 m.(5)There were more deciduous species in the community than evergreen species.The deciduous species increased and then decreased,and the evergreen species decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The evergreen shrubs showed a rising trend,and the deciduous shrubs decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude.The results showed that the variations of the altitude gradient were the main factors affecting the structure of Pinus massoniana community,which provided a theoretical significance value for managing the natural forest of Pinus massoniana and protecting species diversity,which also offered important evidence for revealing the variation of the structural characteristics of this kind of communities.
引文
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[8]郑德祥,廖晓丽.茫荡山不同海拔小叶青冈林幼苗分布格局的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(10):5-8.
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[10]尤海舟.川西巴郎山川滇高山栋种群空间格局研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[11]郑景明,张春雨.云蒙山典型森林群落垂直结构研究[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(6):768-774.
[12]刘守江,苏智先.陆地植物群落生活型研究进展[J].四川师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,24(2):155-159.
[13]张木明.粤北小红栲林的群落特征[J].华南农业大学学报:2001,22(3):9-12.
[14]樊后保.格氏栲群落的结构特征[J].林业科学,2000,36(2):6-12.
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