紫禁城古建筑防雷的传统方法
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摘要
紫禁城古建筑保护的重要内容之一即为防雷。在历史上,紫禁城部分古建筑遭受雷击,其主要原因与紫禁城的地理环境、建筑造型、建筑材料类型等因素密切相关。紫禁城古建筑传统的防雷方法有其"迷信"的一面,如采用雷公柱、屋顶的铁链、宝匣等做法;其科学性的一面在于营建材料以木材、砖石等绝缘材料为主。建国后,故宫博物院对大量古建筑安装了避雷针、避雷带,有力地保护了它们免遭雷击。
Lightning protection is an important part of protection of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. In history some buildings in the Forbidden City had suffered lightning mainly because of the geographical environment,the building shape and the material type of the buildings. For the ancient buildings,traditional lightning protection measures include superstitious and scientific parts. For the former,the methods such as setting thunder-god column,iron chains on roof,exorcising evil box and so on are useless. For the latter,the insulating building material such as wood and stone can be helpful for lightning proof. After the establishment of PRC,the managers of the Palace Museum have introduced lightning rod and lightning band for the ancient buildings,which basically solve the problem of lightening damage of the buildings.
Lightning protection is an important part of protection of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. In history some buildings in the Forbidden City had suffered lightning mainly because of the geographical environment,the building shape and the material type of the buildings. For the ancient buildings,traditional lightning protection measures include superstitious and scientific parts. For the former,the methods such as setting thunder-god column,iron chains on roof,exorcising evil box and so on are useless. For the latter,the insulating building material such as wood and stone can be helpful for lightning proof. After the establishment of PRC,the managers of the Palace Museum have introduced lightning rod and lightning band for the ancient buildings,which basically solve the problem of lightening damage of the buildings.
引文
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[3]李京校,齐飞,张宇龙,等.故宫博物院雷电灾害及雷电活动特征分析[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2016,8(3):252-258.
[4]王时煦.再论古建筑物与故宫博物院的防雷[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第一辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,1997:373-381.
[5]王时煦,于倬云,白丽娟.故宫博物院的防雷历史与经验总结[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第三辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,2004:390-399.
[6]龙非了.我国古建筑的避雷措施[J].建筑学报,1963(1):28-29.
[7]郑友消.古建筑避雷奇迹[J].科学之友(上旬),2002(11):9.
[8]安卫华,魏乃永,张萌.故宫博物院太和殿等古建筑的防雷改造设计体会[J].电气应用,2011,30(22):50-53.
[9]白丽娟.故宫博物院古建筑防雷保护工作的回顾[J].故宫博物院院刊,2005(5):344-365.
[2]白丽娟,王景福.古建筑的防火与灭火[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第六辑).北京:故宫出版社,2011:632-648.
[3]李京校,齐飞,张宇龙,等.故宫博物院雷电灾害及雷电活动特征分析[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2016,8(3):252-258.
[4]王时煦.再论古建筑物与故宫博物院的防雷[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第一辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,1997:373-381.
[5]王时煦,于倬云,白丽娟.故宫博物院的防雷历史与经验总结[C]//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第三辑).北京:紫禁城出版社,2004:390-399.
[6]龙非了.我国古建筑的避雷措施[J].建筑学报,1963(1):28-29.
[7]郑友消.古建筑避雷奇迹[J].科学之友(上旬),2002(11):9.
[8]安卫华,魏乃永,张萌.故宫博物院太和殿等古建筑的防雷改造设计体会[J].电气应用,2011,30(22):50-53.
[9]白丽娟.故宫博物院古建筑防雷保护工作的回顾[J].故宫博物院院刊,2005(5):344-365.