塔北-塔中区域构造地质大剖面解析及古隆起成因新解
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摘要
塔北隆起和塔中低凸起是塔里木盆地十分重要的油气战略区带,研究和对比二者之间的地层系统、断裂特征和地质结构差异,对下一步的石油勘探研究具有积极意义。为了揭示两个古隆起的地质结构和成因机制,选取了一条过塔里木盆地中部的南北向区域构造地质剖面,结合最新的钻井、测井和地震资料,利用断层相关褶皱理论,对其进行了精细解析和刻画。研究结果表明:塔北隆起和塔中低凸起是受控于基底大型断层转折褶皱的古生代古隆起,由南向北的挤压应力所产生的地层位移,被塔中低凸起吸收后继续经满加尔凹陷向塔北地区传递,最终被塔北隆起吸收,加里东中晚期—海西早期是两个古隆起形成的主要时期。塔北隆起后期因南天山褶皱带的冲断作用而遭受破坏,古生界和中生界遭受大范围剥蚀,新生界自北向南加厚,断层转折褶皱前翼难以识别,塔中低凸起古生界构造运动强烈,中新生界未发生大规模断裂活动,古隆起形态稳定。
The Tabei uplift and Tazhong low salient are important strategic plays for oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin. It will be of positive value for petroleum exploration and research ahead to study and compare their stratum systems,fault characteristics and geological structural differences. In order to reveal the geological structures and origins of the two paleo-uplifts,we selected a large NS-trending regional structural cross section in central Tarim Basin for a fine interpretation and description based on fault-related fold theories,combined with the latest drilling,logging,and seismic data. The results indicate that: the Tabei uplift and Tazhong low salient are the Paleozoic paleo-uplifts controlled by the large-scale basal fault bend folds. Stratum displacement caused by compressive stress from south to north is partly absorbed by Tazhong low salient,and then continues to pass to the northern Tarim area through the Manjar Depression,with the remaining displacement absorbed by Tabei uplift at last. The period from the Middle-to-Late Caledonian to the Early Hercynian is the main formation period of the two paleo-uplifts. However,Tabei uplift suffers damage due to the thrusting of the southern Tianshan fold belt at late stage,the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sequences suffer extensive denudation,while the Cenozoic gets thickened from north to south. Thus it is difficult to recognize the front wings of the fault bend folds. Tazhong low salient experiences intensive Paleozoic tectonic movement,but doesn't experience any large-scale faulting activities during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic,so it is stable in geometry.
The Tabei uplift and Tazhong low salient are important strategic plays for oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin. It will be of positive value for petroleum exploration and research ahead to study and compare their stratum systems,fault characteristics and geological structural differences. In order to reveal the geological structures and origins of the two paleo-uplifts,we selected a large NS-trending regional structural cross section in central Tarim Basin for a fine interpretation and description based on fault-related fold theories,combined with the latest drilling,logging,and seismic data. The results indicate that: the Tabei uplift and Tazhong low salient are the Paleozoic paleo-uplifts controlled by the large-scale basal fault bend folds. Stratum displacement caused by compressive stress from south to north is partly absorbed by Tazhong low salient,and then continues to pass to the northern Tarim area through the Manjar Depression,with the remaining displacement absorbed by Tabei uplift at last. The period from the Middle-to-Late Caledonian to the Early Hercynian is the main formation period of the two paleo-uplifts. However,Tabei uplift suffers damage due to the thrusting of the southern Tianshan fold belt at late stage,the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sequences suffer extensive denudation,while the Cenozoic gets thickened from north to south. Thus it is difficult to recognize the front wings of the fault bend folds. Tazhong low salient experiences intensive Paleozoic tectonic movement,but doesn't experience any large-scale faulting activities during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic,so it is stable in geometry.
引文
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[2]王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现和勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Chen Yongquan,et al.Discovery and exploration of cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 well in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.
[3]黄太柱,蒋华山,马庆佑.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):780-787.Huang Taizhu,Jiang Huashan,Ma Qingyou.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in Lower Paleozoic carnonate reservoirs of Tarm Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):780-787.
[4]漆立新.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩大油气田勘探实践与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):771-779.Qi Lixin.Exploration practice and prospects of giant carbonate field in the Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):771-779.
[5]张纪智,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地中深地区寒武系盐下白云岩油气来源及差异聚集[J].石油勘探云开发,2017,44(1):40-47.Zhang Jizhi,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Origin and differential accumulation of hydrocarbons in Cambrian sub-salt dolomite reservoirs in Zhongshen Area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):40-47.
[6]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-121.Xu Guoqiang,Liu Shugen,Li Guorong,et al.Comparison of tectonic evolutions and petroleum geological conditions in Tazhong and Tabei palaeohighs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-121.
[7]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[8]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):314-321.Cheng Haiyan,Li Jianghai,Zhao Xing.Paleozoic structural styles and evolution of the North Tarim Uplift[J].Geology in China,2009,36(2):314-321.
[9]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.Han Jianfa,Wang Zhaoming,Pan Wenqing,et al.Petroleum controlling theory of Lunnan paleohigh and its buried hill pool exploration technology,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):448-453.
[10]邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):124-130.Wu Guanghui,Li Qiming,Xiao Zhongyao.The evolution characteristics of Palaeo-Uplifts in Tarim Basin and its exploration directions for oil and gas[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):124-130.
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[12]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学,2008,43(1):82-118.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:Geometry,kinematic and dynamic settings[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(1):82-118.
[13]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhang Guangya,et al.Redivision of the tectonic units of Tabei Rise in Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[14]任建业,胡德胜,阳怀忠,等.塔中隆起带断裂系统及其对碳酸盐岩台地的控制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):935-944.Ren Jianye,Hu Desheng,Yang Huaizhong.Fault system and its control of carbonate platform in Tazhong uplift area,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2011,38(4):935-944.
[15]孟祥霞,王宏斌,姚清洲,等.塔北隆起构造演化特征及对奥陶系碳酸盐岩的控储控藏作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(S1):109-120.Meng Xiangxia,Wang Hongbin,Yao Qingzhou,et al.Tectonic evolution characteristics of Tabei Uplift and its controlling effect on the reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation of Ordovician carnonate[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S1):109-120.
[16]汤良杰,漆立新,邱海峻,等.塔里木盆地断裂构造分期差异活动及其变形机理[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2569-2583.Tang Liangjie,Qi Lixin,Qiu Haijun,et al.Poly-phase differential fault movement and hydrocarbon accumulation of the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2569-2583.
[17]汤良杰,邱海峻,云露,等.塔里木盆地多期改造-晚期定型复合构造与油气战略选区[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(1):1-14.Tang Liangjie,Qiu Haijun,Yun Lu,et al.Poly-phase reform-latestage finalization composite tectonics and strategic area selection of oil and gas resources in Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(1):1-14.
[18]周新源,吕修祥,杨海军,等.塔中北斜坡走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩油气差异富集的影响[J].石油学报,2013,33(4):628-637.Zhou Xinyuan,Lv Xiuxiang,Yang Haijun,et al.Effects of strike-slip faults on the differential enrichment of hydrocarbons in the northern slope of Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolel Sinica,2013,33(4):628-637.
[19]张艳萍,吕修祥,于红枫,等.塔中隆起两组走滑断裂对岩溶储层发育的控制机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):663-673.Zhang Yanping,Lyu Xiuxiang,Yu Hongfeng,et al.Controlling mechanism of two strike-slip fault groups on the development of the ordovician karst reservoirs in the Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):663-673.
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