基于GIS和FloodArea水动力模型的重庆市山洪灾害风险区划
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摘要
[目的]开展重庆市山洪灾害风险评估与区划,为该地区山洪防灾减灾提供相应参考。[方法]依据自然灾害风险评估理论,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体暴露性、防灾减灾能力4个方面选取指标,构建重庆市山洪灾害风险评估模型。结合相关气象、生态和社会经济数据,运用GIS空间数据分析完成重庆市山洪灾害风险区划。[结果]重庆市山洪灾害致灾因子危险性在合川和江津大部地区为高风险区,孕灾环境高脆弱区主要位于长江、嘉陵江沿江河谷地带,承灾体暴露性在重庆市主城区、南川、武隆、涪陵、城口为高暴露区,重庆东北部和东南部大部地区为低防灾减灾能力区。[结论]总体评估而言,重庆市山洪灾害风险的高风险区主要位于重庆东北部的巫溪、东南部的酉阳和彭水、西南部的江津和西北部的合川。
[Objective] We carried out an assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City to provide the corresponding reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of torrential flood. [Methods] According to the related theory of natural disaster, we established a risk assessment model of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City with four assessment index subsystems, containing the dangerousness of disaster risk, the vulnerability of the disaster environment, the exposure of the disaster bearing body, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction. Based on the meteorological, ecological and social economic data of Chongqing City, the assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster risk in Chongqing City were carried out by using the GIS spatial data analysis. [Results] The highly risk regions of the torrential flood disaster-causing factors is located in most areas of Hechuan and Jiangjin area. The highly vulnerable areas of disaster-prone environment are mainly located in the river valley along the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The exposure of torrential flood disaster bearing body is higher in Nanchuan, Wulong, Fuling and Chengkou City. The low disaster prevention and mitigation capacity areas lie in northeastern and southeastern part of Chongqing City. [Conclusion] The highest risk area of torrential flood disasters are largely located in Wuxi, Youyang, Pengshui, Jiangjin and Hechuan area.
[Objective] We carried out an assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City to provide the corresponding reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of torrential flood. [Methods] According to the related theory of natural disaster, we established a risk assessment model of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City with four assessment index subsystems, containing the dangerousness of disaster risk, the vulnerability of the disaster environment, the exposure of the disaster bearing body, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction. Based on the meteorological, ecological and social economic data of Chongqing City, the assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster risk in Chongqing City were carried out by using the GIS spatial data analysis. [Results] The highly risk regions of the torrential flood disaster-causing factors is located in most areas of Hechuan and Jiangjin area. The highly vulnerable areas of disaster-prone environment are mainly located in the river valley along the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The exposure of torrential flood disaster bearing body is higher in Nanchuan, Wulong, Fuling and Chengkou City. The low disaster prevention and mitigation capacity areas lie in northeastern and southeastern part of Chongqing City. [Conclusion] The highest risk area of torrential flood disasters are largely located in Wuxi, Youyang, Pengshui, Jiangjin and Hechuan area.
引文
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[5] 黄会杰,彭超,徐刚,等.重庆市区域性暴雨危险性定量分析及其时空分布规律研究[J].地球与环境,2018,46(3):237-244.
[6] 游珍,蒋庆丰,徐刚.重庆市暴雨规律及其引发的灾害初探[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(3):13-16.
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[8] 张乾柱,卢阳,秦维,等.重庆市山洪灾害空间分布规律及影响因素研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(1):13-22.
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[10] Norbiato D,Borga M,Degli E S,et a1.Flash flood warning based on rainfall thresholds and soil moisture conditions:An assessment for gauged and ungauged basins[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,362(3/4):274-290.
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[12] 岳琦,张林波,刘成程,等.基于GIS的福建闽江上游山洪灾害风险区划[J].环境工程技术学报,2015,5(4):293-298.
[13] 黄国如,冼卓雁,成国栋,等.基于GIS的清远市瑶安小流域山洪灾害风险评价[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(6):43-47.
[14] 李栋,吴博,郑秀清,等.基于AHP和GIS的吕梁地区小流域山洪灾害风险区划[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(7):85-96.
[15] 罗日洪,黄锦林,唐造造.基于AHP和GIS的山区小流域山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].灾害学,2018,33(2):64-69.
[16] 高展,许剑勇,王胜,等.黄山风景区暴雨山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(3):281-285.
[17] 刘少军,张京红,张明洁,等.海南岛山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):165-169.
[18] 勒梦,刘凤林,李虎星.基于GIS的河南省山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27(4):54-59.
[19] 曹永强,郭明,袁立婷.基于GIS技术的辽宁省山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(2):80-85.
[20] Geomer.Flood area and FloodAreaHPC:ArcGIS-extension for calculating flooded areas(User Manual Version 10.0)[M].Heidelberg,2011.
[21] Gemmer M.Decision support for flood risk management at the Yangtze River by GIS/RS-based flood damage estimation [ M ].Giessen:Shaker,2004:108-127.
[22] 姜智怀,张毅之,蔡哲,等.基于河道栅格的山洪灾害淹没模拟[J].气象,2014,40(8):1013-1018.
[23] 谢五三,田红,卢燕宇.基于FloodArea模型的大通河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(4):384-387.
[24] 张明达,李蒙,戴丛蕊,等.基于FloodArea模型的云南山洪淹没模拟研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(1):78-82.
[25] 林志强,尼玛吉,黄志诚.西藏东南部山洪灾害过程水文动力模拟和临界雨量[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):183-187.
[26] 吴秀兰,江远安,余行杰,等.基于FloodArea模型的新疆尼勒克县暴雨山洪临界雨量的确定[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):159-164.
[27] 王胜,吴蓉,谢五三,等.基于FloodArea的山洪灾害风险区划研究:以淠河流域为例[J].气候变化研究进展,2016,12(5):432-441.
[28] 周杰,陈良吕,徐严平,等.重庆市清江河流域山洪致灾临界面雨量研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,43(2):42-48.
[2] 程卫帅.山洪灾害临界雨量研究综述[J].水科学进展,2013,24(6):901-908.
[3] 文明章,林昕,游立军,等.山洪灾害风险雨量评估方法研究[J].气象,2013,39(10):1325-1330.
[4] 傅春梅,徐刚.重庆市山洪灾害的危害、成因及防治对策[J].太原师范学院学报:自然科学版,2011,10(1):145-148.
[5] 黄会杰,彭超,徐刚,等.重庆市区域性暴雨危险性定量分析及其时空分布规律研究[J].地球与环境,2018,46(3):237-244.
[6] 游珍,蒋庆丰,徐刚.重庆市暴雨规律及其引发的灾害初探[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(3):13-16.
[7] 张军红,严同金,谢谦,等.人类活动对山洪沟的影响分析:以重庆市为例[J].农技服务,2016,33(3):13-14,20.
[8] 张乾柱,卢阳,秦维,等.重庆市山洪灾害空间分布规律及影响因素研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(1):13-22.
[9] 程卫帅,陈进.山洪灾害风险度评价技术综述[J].人民长江,2004,35(12):5-14.
[10] Norbiato D,Borga M,Degli E S,et a1.Flash flood warning based on rainfall thresholds and soil moisture conditions:An assessment for gauged and ungauged basins[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,362(3/4):274-290.
[11] 黄崇福.自然灾害风险分析与管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2012∶1-100.
[12] 岳琦,张林波,刘成程,等.基于GIS的福建闽江上游山洪灾害风险区划[J].环境工程技术学报,2015,5(4):293-298.
[13] 黄国如,冼卓雁,成国栋,等.基于GIS的清远市瑶安小流域山洪灾害风险评价[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(6):43-47.
[14] 李栋,吴博,郑秀清,等.基于AHP和GIS的吕梁地区小流域山洪灾害风险区划[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(7):85-96.
[15] 罗日洪,黄锦林,唐造造.基于AHP和GIS的山区小流域山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].灾害学,2018,33(2):64-69.
[16] 高展,许剑勇,王胜,等.黄山风景区暴雨山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(3):281-285.
[17] 刘少军,张京红,张明洁,等.海南岛山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):165-169.
[18] 勒梦,刘凤林,李虎星.基于GIS的河南省山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27(4):54-59.
[19] 曹永强,郭明,袁立婷.基于GIS技术的辽宁省山洪灾害风险区划研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(2):80-85.
[20] Geomer.Flood area and FloodAreaHPC:ArcGIS-extension for calculating flooded areas(User Manual Version 10.0)[M].Heidelberg,2011.
[21] Gemmer M.Decision support for flood risk management at the Yangtze River by GIS/RS-based flood damage estimation [ M ].Giessen:Shaker,2004:108-127.
[22] 姜智怀,张毅之,蔡哲,等.基于河道栅格的山洪灾害淹没模拟[J].气象,2014,40(8):1013-1018.
[23] 谢五三,田红,卢燕宇.基于FloodArea模型的大通河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(4):384-387.
[24] 张明达,李蒙,戴丛蕊,等.基于FloodArea模型的云南山洪淹没模拟研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(1):78-82.
[25] 林志强,尼玛吉,黄志诚.西藏东南部山洪灾害过程水文动力模拟和临界雨量[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):183-187.
[26] 吴秀兰,江远安,余行杰,等.基于FloodArea模型的新疆尼勒克县暴雨山洪临界雨量的确定[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):159-164.
[27] 王胜,吴蓉,谢五三,等.基于FloodArea的山洪灾害风险区划研究:以淠河流域为例[J].气候变化研究进展,2016,12(5):432-441.
[28] 周杰,陈良吕,徐严平,等.重庆市清江河流域山洪致灾临界面雨量研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,43(2):42-48.
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