发动机空中起动包线扩展试飞组织与实施
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摘要
适航条款要求装配两台发动机的飞机,在单发失效后在一定的高度、速度和发动机状态下具备重新起动的能力。为表明对适航条款的符合性,飞机主制造商必须开展发动机空中起动包线扩展试飞(简称空起扩包试飞)试验。而发动机空起扩包试飞是一项风险高、难度大,影响因素众多而复杂的试飞任务。以某型飞机的空起扩包试飞为参考,从试飞科目分析、试飞准备、试飞组织与实施、试飞试验结果等方面总结了相关试飞经验,分析了试飞员、指挥员、试飞工程师、课题和设计人员在空地决策机制方面的专业知识和角色定位。及时把握飞机的状态,并判读试验点的有效性,是试验高效和安全开展的有力保障。该空起扩包试飞的成功组织与实施为后续试飞活动及未来其他型号的类似试验奠定了良好的基础,提供了一定的技术储备。
For the aircraft with two engines,the airworthiness regulation requires that the aircraft should have the capability to restart the engine at a suitable altitude,airspeed and engine condition when one engine failed. In order to show compliance to the regulations,the manufacture should conduct engine air start envelope extension flight test. The engine air start envelope flight test is a high risk,tough and many complex factors involved flight test.Taking a reference to some aircraft,this paper expounds flight test content analysis,flight test preparation,flight test organization and implementation,flight test results and so on,and summarizes the flight test experience in a systematic manner. Especially with regard to the air-ground decision-making mechanism,this paper summarizes and analyzes the specialized knowledge and role definition of test pilot,flight commander,flight test engineer,discipline engineer,and design engineer. It was a powerful guarantee for the test that all the participants monitor the aircraft status in real time and interpret the validity of the test sites. This successful organization and implementation of engine air start envelope extension flight test could provide an important reference to other type of aircraft.
For the aircraft with two engines,the airworthiness regulation requires that the aircraft should have the capability to restart the engine at a suitable altitude,airspeed and engine condition when one engine failed. In order to show compliance to the regulations,the manufacture should conduct engine air start envelope extension flight test. The engine air start envelope flight test is a high risk,tough and many complex factors involved flight test.Taking a reference to some aircraft,this paper expounds flight test content analysis,flight test preparation,flight test organization and implementation,flight test results and so on,and summarizes the flight test experience in a systematic manner. Especially with regard to the air-ground decision-making mechanism,this paper summarizes and analyzes the specialized knowledge and role definition of test pilot,flight commander,flight test engineer,discipline engineer,and design engineer. It was a powerful guarantee for the test that all the participants monitor the aircraft status in real time and interpret the validity of the test sites. This successful organization and implementation of engine air start envelope extension flight test could provide an important reference to other type of aircraft.
引文
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[2]李宏斌,史庭全.民航新机场试飞工作的组织与实施[J].中国民航飞行学院学报,2001(3):11-13.
[3]张绍基.涡扇发动机空中风车起动特性分析[J].航空发动机,2004(4):3-9.
[4]王伟,刘鲁江.关于建立国家空域资源灵活使用机制的研究[J].中国民用航空,2010(6):13-15.
[5]汉斯-亨利奇.阿尔特菲尔德.商用飞机项目———复杂高端产品的研发管理[M].唐长红,译.北京:航空工业出版社,2013:164-171.