不同电极面型的两间隙气体开关电场优化设计
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摘要
在高压放电装置以及脉冲气体激光器领域中,电极面型所决定的极间电场直接影响装置性能。选取球头、平球头、Chang、Bruce四种面型的电极,使用有限元分析法对四种面型电极电场在三维空间内进行数值计算,找出各个电极二维截面电场强度最大偏差的位置,给修改造型提供依据。设置电极半径13mm,间距在7～10mm之间变化,分别构建四种电极曲面,设置两电极电势差为30kV,计算得到四种面型的d-f曲线,确定不同间距下最佳面型电极,对工程实践提供指导。在平球头与Bruce电极中心设置10mm半球凸起凹陷,测定烧蚀喷溅对于间隙电场畸变率的影响。
In the field of high voltage discharge device and pulse gas laser, the polar electric field determined by electrode profiles directly affects the device performance. This paper selects four different types of profiles, i.e. ball electrode, flat bulb electrode, Chang and Bruce, and calculates their respective electric fields in three-dimensional space using the finite element method. The maximum deviation position from expected uniformity in the two-dimensional cross section of each electrode is found, which provides a basis for designing new electrodes. Set the electrode radius to 13 mm and range to 7～10 mm, four electrode profiles are constructed. Set the electrical potential difference to 30 kV, the d-f curves of four kinds of profiles are calculated to determine the best electrode profile at different intervals to provide guidance for engineering practice. In the center of the ball and Bruce electrodes, a10 microns hemisphere bulge was placed at the center of the ball and the Bruce electrodes, and the clearance rate of the electric field distortion from the impurities and erosion jet was measured.
In the field of high voltage discharge device and pulse gas laser, the polar electric field determined by electrode profiles directly affects the device performance. This paper selects four different types of profiles, i.e. ball electrode, flat bulb electrode, Chang and Bruce, and calculates their respective electric fields in three-dimensional space using the finite element method. The maximum deviation position from expected uniformity in the two-dimensional cross section of each electrode is found, which provides a basis for designing new electrodes. Set the electrode radius to 13 mm and range to 7～10 mm, four electrode profiles are constructed. Set the electrical potential difference to 30 kV, the d-f curves of four kinds of profiles are calculated to determine the best electrode profile at different intervals to provide guidance for engineering practice. In the center of the ball and Bruce electrodes, a10 microns hemisphere bulge was placed at the center of the ball and the Bruce electrodes, and the clearance rate of the electric field distortion from the impurities and erosion jet was measured.
引文
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[2]吴佳玮,韩若愚,周海滨,等.大电流气体火花开关聚四氟乙烯绝缘子绝缘劣化产物分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(2):459-466.Wu Jiawei,Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,et al.Insulation degradation products analysis of PTFE insulation in gas spark gap switch caused by high current and high energy arc influences[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(2):459-466.
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[8]袁均祥,杨兰均,张乔根,等.电极参数对尖-板电极空气放电离子风特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(1):24-29.Yuan Junxiang,Yang Lanjun,Zhang Qiaogen,et al.Ionic wind characteristic of tine-plat affected by electrode parameter from atmosphere discharge[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(1):24-29.
[9]周海滨,韩若愚,吴佳玮,等.水中铜丝电爆炸放电通道模型及仿真[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):2943-2949.Zhou Haibin,Han Ruoyu,Wu Jiawei,et al.Model and simulation study of discharge channel during under-water Cu wire explosion[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):2943-2949.
[10]Krasik Y E,Fedotov A,Sheftman D,et al.Underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Plasma Sources Science&Technology,2010,19(3):951-956.
[11]Chang T Y.Improved uniform field electrode profiles for TEA CO2 laser and high voltage application[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1973,44(4):405-407.
[12]绳宇纲,万重怡.Chang电极的三维电场分布计算[J].应用激光,1999(8):151-153.Sheng Yugang,Wan Chongyi.A calculation of 3Dfield of Chang electrode[J].Applied Laser,1999(8):151-153.
[13]朱能伟,方晓东,梁勖,等.准分子激光器中张氏面型电极的电场仿真研究[J].激光技术,2017,41(5):680-683.Zhu Nengwei,Fang Xiao,Liang Xü,et al.Simulation study on electric field of Chang electrodes in excimer lasers[J].Laser Technology,2017,41(5):680-683.
[14]唐永新,谭荣清.3维均匀场电极的自动设计[J].强离子与激光束,2010,22(11):2561-2565.Tang Yongxin,Tan Rongqing.Automatic design of3D uniform field electrode[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(11):2561-2565.
[15]赵翔,左都罗,卢宏,等.TEA CO2激光器几种放电电极的比较[J].强粒子与激光束,2006,18(4):569-574.Zhao Xiang,Zuo Duluo,Lu Hong,et al.Comparison of several discharge electrodes for TEA CO2 laser[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2006,18(4):569-574.
[16]Stappaerts E A.A novel analytical design method for discharge laser electrode profiles[J].Applied Physics Letters,1982,40(12):1018-1019.
[17]赵翔,程国平,孙峰.若干放电电极的改进设计与分析[J].光学与光电技术,2007,5(5):35-39.Zhao Xiang,Cheng Guoping,Sun Feng.Improved design and analysis of several discharge electrodes[J]Optics and Optoelectronic Technology,2007,5(5):35-39.
[18]刘晓明,王尔睿,曹云东,等.采用优化模拟电荷法的三维电场计算[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):14-17.Liu Xiaoming,Wang Errui,Cao Yundong,et al.Computation of three-dimensional electric field using the optimized charge simulation method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2000,15(6):14-17.
[19]李亚莎,王泽忠.基于圆环坐标系的三维静电场曲边三角形边界元方法[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(9):122-126.Li Yasha,Wang Zezhong.Curve element BEM in3-D electrostatic fields based on ring coordinate systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(9):122-126.
[20]唐舰,杨波.基于半导体激光器的线性整形自由曲面反射镜设计[J].光学学报,2015,35(2):1-6.Tang Jian,Yang Bo.Free-form reflector design for beam shaping of laser diode[J].Acta Optica Sinica2015,35(2):1-6.
[21]彭大惠.Bruce截面电极加工的微机控制[J].华中理工大学学报,1989,17(4):29-33.Peng Dahui.A program for machining electrodes with Bruce profiles[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1989,17(4):29-33.
[22]梁昆淼.数学物理方法[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[2]吴佳玮,韩若愚,周海滨,等.大电流气体火花开关聚四氟乙烯绝缘子绝缘劣化产物分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(2):459-466.Wu Jiawei,Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,et al.Insulation degradation products analysis of PTFE insulation in gas spark gap switch caused by high current and high energy arc influences[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(2):459-466.
[3]谢昌明,谈效华,杜涛,等.气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(20):246-251.Xie Changming,Tan Xiaohua,Du Tao,et al.Electrode erosion research of gas spark gap[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(20):246-251.
[4]Zeng Han,Lin Fuchang,Cai Li,et al.Study on erosion mechanism of graphite electrode in twoelectrode spark gap switch[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(1):013504.
[5]Tanaka M,Ikeba T,Liu Y,et al.Investigation of electrode erosion mechanism of multi-phase AC arc by high-speed video camera[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2013,44(1):012015.
[6]姚学玲,曾正中,陈景亮.脉冲电弧对铜钨电极表面侵蚀形态的研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(7):21-24.Yao Xueling,Zeng Zhengzhong,Chen Jingliang.Investigation of W-Cu electrode erosion morphology under impulse arcs[J].High Voltage Engineeing,2006,32(7):21-24.
[7]吴佳玮,丁卫东,韩若愚,等.密封腔体、大电流条件下重复频率长寿命气体开关的烧蚀特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3112-3118.Wu Jiawei,Ding Weidong,Han Ruoyu,et al.Electrode erosion of repetitive long-life gas spark switch with large current load in airtight chamber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3112-3118.
[8]袁均祥,杨兰均,张乔根,等.电极参数对尖-板电极空气放电离子风特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(1):24-29.Yuan Junxiang,Yang Lanjun,Zhang Qiaogen,et al.Ionic wind characteristic of tine-plat affected by electrode parameter from atmosphere discharge[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(1):24-29.
[9]周海滨,韩若愚,吴佳玮,等.水中铜丝电爆炸放电通道模型及仿真[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):2943-2949.Zhou Haibin,Han Ruoyu,Wu Jiawei,et al.Model and simulation study of discharge channel during under-water Cu wire explosion[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):2943-2949.
[10]Krasik Y E,Fedotov A,Sheftman D,et al.Underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Plasma Sources Science&Technology,2010,19(3):951-956.
[11]Chang T Y.Improved uniform field electrode profiles for TEA CO2 laser and high voltage application[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1973,44(4):405-407.
[12]绳宇纲,万重怡.Chang电极的三维电场分布计算[J].应用激光,1999(8):151-153.Sheng Yugang,Wan Chongyi.A calculation of 3Dfield of Chang electrode[J].Applied Laser,1999(8):151-153.
[13]朱能伟,方晓东,梁勖,等.准分子激光器中张氏面型电极的电场仿真研究[J].激光技术,2017,41(5):680-683.Zhu Nengwei,Fang Xiao,Liang Xü,et al.Simulation study on electric field of Chang electrodes in excimer lasers[J].Laser Technology,2017,41(5):680-683.
[14]唐永新,谭荣清.3维均匀场电极的自动设计[J].强离子与激光束,2010,22(11):2561-2565.Tang Yongxin,Tan Rongqing.Automatic design of3D uniform field electrode[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(11):2561-2565.
[15]赵翔,左都罗,卢宏,等.TEA CO2激光器几种放电电极的比较[J].强粒子与激光束,2006,18(4):569-574.Zhao Xiang,Zuo Duluo,Lu Hong,et al.Comparison of several discharge electrodes for TEA CO2 laser[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2006,18(4):569-574.
[16]Stappaerts E A.A novel analytical design method for discharge laser electrode profiles[J].Applied Physics Letters,1982,40(12):1018-1019.
[17]赵翔,程国平,孙峰.若干放电电极的改进设计与分析[J].光学与光电技术,2007,5(5):35-39.Zhao Xiang,Cheng Guoping,Sun Feng.Improved design and analysis of several discharge electrodes[J]Optics and Optoelectronic Technology,2007,5(5):35-39.
[18]刘晓明,王尔睿,曹云东,等.采用优化模拟电荷法的三维电场计算[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):14-17.Liu Xiaoming,Wang Errui,Cao Yundong,et al.Computation of three-dimensional electric field using the optimized charge simulation method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2000,15(6):14-17.
[19]李亚莎,王泽忠.基于圆环坐标系的三维静电场曲边三角形边界元方法[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(9):122-126.Li Yasha,Wang Zezhong.Curve element BEM in3-D electrostatic fields based on ring coordinate systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(9):122-126.
[20]唐舰,杨波.基于半导体激光器的线性整形自由曲面反射镜设计[J].光学学报,2015,35(2):1-6.Tang Jian,Yang Bo.Free-form reflector design for beam shaping of laser diode[J].Acta Optica Sinica2015,35(2):1-6.
[21]彭大惠.Bruce截面电极加工的微机控制[J].华中理工大学学报,1989,17(4):29-33.Peng Dahui.A program for machining electrodes with Bruce profiles[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1989,17(4):29-33.
[22]梁昆淼.数学物理方法[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.