干腐病发病与健康山核桃树体pH值、养分与细菌多样性差异
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摘要
当前干腐病的大面积爆发已对山核桃(Carya cathayensis)产业可持续发展构成了严重威胁,为探究山核桃树体pH值、养分与细菌多样性对山核桃干腐病的影响,本研究采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序,比较了健康山核桃树、发病山核桃树的发病与未发病部位树皮、木质部在山核桃干腐病发病期的p H值、养分及细菌多样性差异,并分析了其相关性。结果表明:健康山核桃树皮与木质部p H值分别为7.03和7.63,均呈中性且显著高于呈酸性的发病山核桃树(P<0.05)。健康山核桃树皮单宁、可溶性糖含量分别为0.317%和3.348%,木质部分别为0.079%和0.626%,均显著高于发病山核桃树(P<0.05)。健康山核桃树皮、木质部还原糖含量分别为0.865%和0.420%,均显著低于发病山核桃树(P<0.05)。健康山核桃树皮细菌操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTU)数目显著高于发病山核桃树,木质部细菌OTU数目显著低于发病山核桃树。健康山核桃树及发病山核桃树发病与未发病部位树皮分别有7、8和8个,木质部分别有8、4和8个主要细菌菌属,且健康与发病山核桃树皮和木质部主要菌群在种类和多度上均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。健康山核桃树皮优势菌属为蛭弧菌属(Bdellovibrio)、酸胞菌属(Acidocella)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas),多度分别为0.13%、0.01%和15.32%,木质部优势菌属为Massilia、鞘氨醇单胞菌属,多度分别为1.2%与4.41%,均显著高于发病山核桃树(P<0.05)。发病山核桃树发病与未发病部位树皮中,优势菌属均为粘细菌属(Byssovorax)与甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium),发病部位这两个属的多度分别为7.56%与6.46%,显著高于未发病部位,且发病山核桃树两个部位树皮此两个属的多度均显著高于健康山核桃树(P<0.05)。在发病山核桃树发病与未发病部位木质部中,甲基杆菌属、Luedemannella、粘细菌属为优势菌属,多度分别为2.36%、0.35%、2.35%和1.76%、1.81%、0.55%,均显著高于健康山核桃树(P<0.05)。健康山核桃树皮与木质部的Ace、Chao、Shannon和Simpson指数分别为599、603、6.59、0.98和440、454、6.35、0.95,均显著高于发病山核桃树(P<0.05)。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)与蒙特卡罗检验表明,pH值、可溶性糖、还原糖均对山核桃树皮与木质部细菌优势属有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究结果可为山核桃林可持续健康经营提供借鉴。
The large outbreak of canker disease has posed a serious threat to the sustainable development of hickory(Carya cathayensis) industry. For the purpose of studying the effect of bacterial diversity and function of C. cathayensis on canker disease, this research adopted 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing,compared the differences of pH values, nutrients and bacterial diversity in sick parts and healthy parts, bark and xylem, respectively of healthy hickory trees and diseased trees during diseased period of canker disease,and the correlation were also analyzed. The results indicated that the pH values of the bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees respectively were 7.03 and 7.63. The neutral pH was significantly higher than that of acidic hickory trees(P<0.05). The tannin and soluble sugar contents of healthy hickory bark were 0.317%and 3.348% respectively, while that of the xylem were 0.079% and 0.626% respectively, of which all the values were remarkably higher the values of diseased trees(P<0.05). The reducing sugar contents in tree bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees were 0.865% and 0.420%, respectively, of which both were lower than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05). The amount of bark bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTU) in healthy hickory trees was significantly higher than that in diseased trees, while the amount of xylem bacterial OTU was significantly lower than that in diseased trees. The amount of the main bacterial genus found in healthy hickory barks, sick parts and free-diseased parts of diseased hickory barks were 7, 8, and 8respectively, while the amount of that in xylem respectively were 8, 4, and 8. The species and abundance of the main bacterial genus in the barks and xylem of healthy and diseased hickory trees presented remarkable differences(P<0.05). The dominant bacteria genus lived in healthy hickory bark were Bdellovibrio,Acidocella, and Sphingomonas, and their abundance were 0.13%, 0.01%, and 15.32%, respectively. While the dominant bacterial genus founded in xylem were Massilia and Sphingomonas, and their abundance were 1.2%and 4.41%, respectively, of which both were remarkably higher than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05).In the diseased hickory trees, the dominant bacterial genus of sick and free-diseased bark both were Byssovorax and Methylobacterium. In diseased parts, the abundance of these 2 genera were 7.56% and 6.46%respectively, both higher than that in free-diseased parts. Both of the abundance of these 2 bacteria genera in 2parts, tree bark, of the diseased C. cathayensis trees were obviously higher than that of the healthy hickory trees(P<0.05). In diseased parts xylem and free-diseased parts xylem of diseased hickory trees,Methylobacterium, Luedemannella, and Byssovorax performed as the dominant genera, and their abundance were 2.36%, 0.35%, 2.35% and 1.76%, 1.81%, and 0.55% respectively. All these figures were significantly higher than that of healthy hickory trees(P<0.05). The index of Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson in the bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees were 599, 603, 6.59, 0.98 and 440, 454, 6.35, 0.95. All values were significantly higher than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05). The analysis of redundancy analysis(RDA)and monte carlo testing indicated that the impact of pH value, soluble sugar, and reducing sugar on the dominant bacteria genera in the bark and xylem of C. cathayensis trees were remarkable and significant(P<0.05). This research result could be considered as a reference for a sustaining and healthy operation run by the hickory forest.
The large outbreak of canker disease has posed a serious threat to the sustainable development of hickory(Carya cathayensis) industry. For the purpose of studying the effect of bacterial diversity and function of C. cathayensis on canker disease, this research adopted 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing,compared the differences of pH values, nutrients and bacterial diversity in sick parts and healthy parts, bark and xylem, respectively of healthy hickory trees and diseased trees during diseased period of canker disease,and the correlation were also analyzed. The results indicated that the pH values of the bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees respectively were 7.03 and 7.63. The neutral pH was significantly higher than that of acidic hickory trees(P<0.05). The tannin and soluble sugar contents of healthy hickory bark were 0.317%and 3.348% respectively, while that of the xylem were 0.079% and 0.626% respectively, of which all the values were remarkably higher the values of diseased trees(P<0.05). The reducing sugar contents in tree bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees were 0.865% and 0.420%, respectively, of which both were lower than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05). The amount of bark bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTU) in healthy hickory trees was significantly higher than that in diseased trees, while the amount of xylem bacterial OTU was significantly lower than that in diseased trees. The amount of the main bacterial genus found in healthy hickory barks, sick parts and free-diseased parts of diseased hickory barks were 7, 8, and 8respectively, while the amount of that in xylem respectively were 8, 4, and 8. The species and abundance of the main bacterial genus in the barks and xylem of healthy and diseased hickory trees presented remarkable differences(P<0.05). The dominant bacteria genus lived in healthy hickory bark were Bdellovibrio,Acidocella, and Sphingomonas, and their abundance were 0.13%, 0.01%, and 15.32%, respectively. While the dominant bacterial genus founded in xylem were Massilia and Sphingomonas, and their abundance were 1.2%and 4.41%, respectively, of which both were remarkably higher than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05).In the diseased hickory trees, the dominant bacterial genus of sick and free-diseased bark both were Byssovorax and Methylobacterium. In diseased parts, the abundance of these 2 genera were 7.56% and 6.46%respectively, both higher than that in free-diseased parts. Both of the abundance of these 2 bacteria genera in 2parts, tree bark, of the diseased C. cathayensis trees were obviously higher than that of the healthy hickory trees(P<0.05). In diseased parts xylem and free-diseased parts xylem of diseased hickory trees,Methylobacterium, Luedemannella, and Byssovorax performed as the dominant genera, and their abundance were 2.36%, 0.35%, 2.35% and 1.76%, 1.81%, and 0.55% respectively. All these figures were significantly higher than that of healthy hickory trees(P<0.05). The index of Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson in the bark and xylem of healthy hickory trees were 599, 603, 6.59, 0.98 and 440, 454, 6.35, 0.95. All values were significantly higher than that of diseased hickory trees(P<0.05). The analysis of redundancy analysis(RDA)and monte carlo testing indicated that the impact of pH value, soluble sugar, and reducing sugar on the dominant bacteria genera in the bark and xylem of C. cathayensis trees were remarkable and significant(P<0.05). This research result could be considered as a reference for a sustaining and healthy operation run by the hickory forest.
引文
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