不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物功能类群的结构特征
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摘要
为分析不同面积(0%、10%、20%、30%)芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物功能类群结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,并探究合适的幼蟹池塘套种芦苇稻的面积,在2015年7—10月对不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物进行了监测,分析了其种类组成、生物密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:在共采集到的126种浮游植物中,以绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为主,隶属于8门71属,16个优势种分属于12个功能类群,为R、S1、G、J、B、D、P、L_O、W_O、X2、X1、MP。不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物平均密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围分别为:0～(8.135±4.794)×10~7L~(-1)、(1.079±0.454)～(38.162±13.414)mg/L、(1.301±0.072)～(2.387±0.368)、(0.346±0.006)～(0.843±0.125)、(1.038±0.183)～(1.852±0.131)。浮游植物功能类群丰度的主要驱动因子是硝酸态氮、总氮、水温、总磷、叶绿素a。不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘水体污染等级为α-中污型,其中20%组池塘浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数整体上均高于其他3组且相对稳定,丰富度指数在养殖中期高于其他3组,在养殖后期低于0%和10%组,但高于30%组,因此,幼蟹塘以种植20%面积的芦苇稻较为合适。
Aiming to explore the effect of reasonable reed type rice acreage on the purification of culture water of crab pond, we analyzed the characteristics of phytoplankton functional group community and their relationship with environmental factors. From July to October, 2015, the species composition, biological density, biomass, ShannonWiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of phytoplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 126 phytoplankton species were identified,and most of them belonged to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria, being classified into 71 genera and eight phyla. Simultaneously, 16 dominant species were classed into 12 functional groups of R, S1, G, J, B, D, P, L_O,W_O, X2, X1 and MP. The ranges of average biological density, average biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were 0-(8.135±4.794)×10~7 L~(-1),(1.079±0.454)-(38.162±13.414)mg/L,(1.301±0.072)-(2.387±0.368),(0.346±0.006)-(0.843±0.125),(1.038±0.183)-(1.852±0.131), respectively. The redundancy analysis(RDA) result showed that the most important factors affecting the structure of phytoplankton functional groups were nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, temperature, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a. The water pollution level of young carb pond was α-fouling. The comparative analysis of phytoplankton diversity in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group were all higher than those in the other three groups and were relatively stable; however, the richness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group was higher than the other three groups in the mid-term, and lower than 0% and 10% groups in the late-term, but higher than 30% group. In conclusion, the crab pond with reed type rice of 20% area is more appropriate.
Aiming to explore the effect of reasonable reed type rice acreage on the purification of culture water of crab pond, we analyzed the characteristics of phytoplankton functional group community and their relationship with environmental factors. From July to October, 2015, the species composition, biological density, biomass, ShannonWiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of phytoplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 126 phytoplankton species were identified,and most of them belonged to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria, being classified into 71 genera and eight phyla. Simultaneously, 16 dominant species were classed into 12 functional groups of R, S1, G, J, B, D, P, L_O,W_O, X2, X1 and MP. The ranges of average biological density, average biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were 0-(8.135±4.794)×10~7 L~(-1),(1.079±0.454)-(38.162±13.414)mg/L,(1.301±0.072)-(2.387±0.368),(0.346±0.006)-(0.843±0.125),(1.038±0.183)-(1.852±0.131), respectively. The redundancy analysis(RDA) result showed that the most important factors affecting the structure of phytoplankton functional groups were nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, temperature, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a. The water pollution level of young carb pond was α-fouling. The comparative analysis of phytoplankton diversity in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group were all higher than those in the other three groups and were relatively stable; however, the richness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group was higher than the other three groups in the mid-term, and lower than 0% and 10% groups in the late-term, but higher than 30% group. In conclusion, the crab pond with reed type rice of 20% area is more appropriate.
引文
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[26]孙濡泳.动物生态学原理.3版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2008:6-587.SUN R Y.Animal Ecology Principles.3rd ed.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2008:6-587.(in Chinese)
[27]赵文,魏洪祥,郭凯.2006-2007年大连大窑湾海区浮游植物的群落结构及其季节变化.大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(4):291-298.ZHAO W,WEI H X,GUO K.The community structure and the seasonal changes of phytoplankton in Dayao Bay in Dalian Coast from 2006 to 2007.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2011,26(4):291-298.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展.安全与环境学报,2005,5(2):87-91.KUANG Q J,MA P M,HU Z Y,et al.Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology.Journal of Safety and Environment,2005,5(2):87-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[2]黄玉瑶.内陆水域污染生态学:原理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2001:11-58.HUANG Y Y.Inland Water Pollution Ecology:Principle and Application.Beijing:Science Press,2001:11-58.(in Chinese)
[3]ROTT E,CANTONATI M,FUREDER L,et al.Benthic algae in high altitude streams of the Alps:a neglected component of the aquatic biota.Hydrobiologia,2006,562(1):195-216.
[4]SIDIK M J,NABI M R U,HOQUE M A.Distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental parameters in cage culture area of Sepanggar Bay,Sabah,Malaysia.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,80(2):251-260.
[5]HOEK C.Algae:An Introduction to Phycology.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[6]REYNOLDS C S,HUSZAR V,KRUK C,et al.Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(5):417-428.
[7]REYNOLDS C S.Phytoplankton assemblages and their periodicity in stratifying lake systems.Ecography,1980,3(3):141-159.
[8]杨文,朱津永,陆开宏,等.淡水浮游植物功能类群分类法的提出、发展及应用.应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1833-1840.YANG W,ZHU J Y,LU K H,et al.The establishment,development and application of classification approach of freshwater phytoplankton based on the functional group:a review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(6):1833-1840.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]SALMASO N,PADISAK J.Morpho-functional groups and phytoplankton development in two deep lakes(Lake Garda,Italy and Lake Stechlin,Germany).Hydrobiologia,2007,578(1):97-112.
[10]KRUK C,HUSZAR V L M,PEETERS E T H M,et al.Amorphological classification capturing functional variation in phytoplankton.Freshwater Biology,2010,55(3):614-627.
[11]李哲,郭劲松,方芳,等.三峡小江回水区蓝藻季节变化及其与主要环境因素的相互关系.环境科学,2010(2):301-309.LI Z,GUO J S,FANG F,et al.Seasonal variation of cyanobacteria and its potential relationship with key environmental factors in Xiaojiang backwater area,Three Gorges Reservoir.Environmental Science,2010(2):301-309.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]田永强,俞超超,王磊,等.福建九龙江北溪浮游植物群落分布特征及其影响因子.应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2559-2565.TIAN Y Q,YU C C,WANG L,et al.Dynamic changes of phytoplankton's community structure in Beixi of Jiulongjiang River,Fujian Province of east China and related affecting factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(9):2559-2565.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]高国敬,肖利娟,林秋奇,等.海南省典型水库浮游植物功能类群的结构特征与水质评价.生态科学,2013,32(2):144-150.GAO G J,XIAO L J,LIN Q Q,et al.Structure of phytoplankton functional groups and water quality assessment of main reservoirs in Hainan Province.Ecological Science,2013,32(2):144-150.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]岳强,黄成,史元康,等.粤北2座不同营养水平水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替.生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(4):432-438.YUE Q,HUANG C,SHI Y K,et al.Seasonal succession of phytoplankton function groups in two reservoirs different in eutrophic level in northern Guangdong Province,China.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(4):432-438.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]郝俊,马旭洲,王武,等.河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物功能类群的结构特征.湖泊科学,2016,28(5):1047-1056.HAO J,MA X Z,WANG W,et al.Structure of phytoplankton functional groups in the ecological farming crab ponds.Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(5):1047-1056.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王武,王成辉,马旭洲.河蟹生态养殖.北京:中国农业出版社,2013:14-207.WANG W,WANG C H,MA X Z.Crab Farming.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2013:14-207.(in Chinese)
[17]温旭,马旭洲,范伟,等.不同面积芦苇稻对幼蟹塘水质净化效果的初步探究.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,43(3):350-358.WEN X,MA X Z,FAN W,et al.Preliminary study on effects of different areas of reed type rice on water purification in young crab pond.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2017,43(3):350-358.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]陶程,杨永超,马旭洲,等.河蟹幼蟹培育池浮游植物的群落结构.大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(6):668-673.TAO C,YANG Y C,MA X Z,et al.Phytoplankton community structure in a juvenile Chinese mitten handed crab Eriocheir sinensis rearing pond.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2015,30(6):668-673.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]黄祥飞.湖泊生态调查观测与分析.北京:中国标准出版社,1999:4-167.HUANG X F.Observation and Analysis of Lake Ecosystem.Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999:4-167.(in Chinese)
[20]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社,2006.HU H J,WEI Y X.Chinese Freshwater Algae:System,Classification and Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[21]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱.4版.北京:化学工业出版社,2011.ZHOU F X,CHEN J H.Freshwater Microbes and Benthic Fauna Map.4th ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[22]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法.4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:88-186.State Environmental Protection Administration.Methods for the Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Waste Water.4th ed.Beijing:Chinese Environmental Science Press,2002:88-186.(in Chinese)
[23]PADISáK J,CROSSETTI L O,NASELLI-FLORES L.Use and misuse in the application of the phytoplankton functional classification:a critical review with updates.Hydrobiologia,2009,621(1):1-19.
[24]国家环境保护局.渔业水质标准:GB 11607-1989.北京:中国标准出版社,1990:1-4.State Bureau of Environmental Protection.Water Quality Standard for Fisheries:GB 11607-1989.Beijing:Standards Press of China,1990:1-4.(in Chinese)
[25]国家环境保护局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Bureau of Environmental Protection,State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine.Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water:GB 3838-2002.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[26]孙濡泳.动物生态学原理.3版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2008:6-587.SUN R Y.Animal Ecology Principles.3rd ed.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2008:6-587.(in Chinese)
[27]赵文,魏洪祥,郭凯.2006-2007年大连大窑湾海区浮游植物的群落结构及其季节变化.大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(4):291-298.ZHAO W,WEI H X,GUO K.The community structure and the seasonal changes of phytoplankton in Dayao Bay in Dalian Coast from 2006 to 2007.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2011,26(4):291-298.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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