基于高分辨率数值模拟的杭州市通风廊道气象效应研究
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摘要
城市通风廊道能增加城市空气流通能力,缓解城市热岛,为了定量评估城市通风廊道的气象效应,本文采用区域边界层化学模式(RBLM-Chem),利用杭州市高分辨率地表类型、城市建筑等资料,开展了杭州市通风廊道影响的模拟研究,模式水平分辨率为250 m。本文针对冬季和夏季两个典型个例进行数值模拟和敏感性试验,夏季个例时间为2013年8月12日,盛行南风,风向顺着通风廊道;冬季个例时间为2014年1月28日,盛行东风,风向垂直于通风廊道。主要结论如下:城市绿色通风廊道有增加风速、降低气温、提高湿度的作用,与没有通风廊道的情况相比,夏季风顺着廊道方向时,廊道区域风速平均增加可达1.4 m/s,廊道区域内60 m高度风速平均增加可达1 m/s。而冬季风垂直于廊道时,廊道区域风速增加较小,仅有0.5 m/s左右。通风廊道夏季降温幅度平均可达2.7°C,冬季降温幅度较小,仅有0.6°C左右。通风廊道对气象场的影响随风向向下游延伸,夏季在通风廊道下游250 m处,风速增加、气温下降、相对湿度增加最大值分别为1.5 m/s、2.9°C、3.1%,即使在通风廊道下游1500 m处,最大降温仍有1.2°C。
Urban ventilation corridors can increase urban air liquidity capacity and relieve the urban heat island. In order to quantitatively evaluate the meteorological effects of urban ventilation corridors, the regional boundary layer chemistry model(RBLM-Chem) was used to analyze meteorological effects of the ventilation corridor under different weather types based on the dataset of high resolution surface types and urban buildings in Hangzhou. The horizontal resolution of the model is 250 m. The results indicate that the urban ventilation corridor can increase wind speed, decrease temperature, and increase humidity. Compared with the situation that the ventilation corridor is absent, wind speeds at the surface and 60-m height in the corridor area increase by 1.4 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively. In the summer, temperature in the corridor area can decrease by 2.7 °C due to the cooling effect of the ventilation corridor. This value is much higher than that in winter, which is only about 0.6 °C. At 250-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum values of the increments of wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity are 1.5 m/s,-2.9 °C and 3.1%, respectively. Even at 1500-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum temperature increments can still reach up to-1.2 °C.
Urban ventilation corridors can increase urban air liquidity capacity and relieve the urban heat island. In order to quantitatively evaluate the meteorological effects of urban ventilation corridors, the regional boundary layer chemistry model(RBLM-Chem) was used to analyze meteorological effects of the ventilation corridor under different weather types based on the dataset of high resolution surface types and urban buildings in Hangzhou. The horizontal resolution of the model is 250 m. The results indicate that the urban ventilation corridor can increase wind speed, decrease temperature, and increase humidity. Compared with the situation that the ventilation corridor is absent, wind speeds at the surface and 60-m height in the corridor area increase by 1.4 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively. In the summer, temperature in the corridor area can decrease by 2.7 °C due to the cooling effect of the ventilation corridor. This value is much higher than that in winter, which is only about 0.6 °C. At 250-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum values of the increments of wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity are 1.5 m/s,-2.9 °C and 3.1%, respectively. Even at 1500-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum temperature increments can still reach up to-1.2 °C.
引文
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赵红斌,刘晖.2014.盆地城市通风廊道营建方法研究-以西安市为例[J].中国园林,30(11):32-35.Zhao Hongbin,Liu Hui.2014.Research on the methods of building ventilation corridors among basin citiesTaking the city of Xi’an as the example[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture(in Chinese),30(11):32-35,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2014.11.009.
何晓凤.2006.一种城市陆面过程参数化方案的建立与应用研究[D].南京大学博士学位论文,137pp.He Xiaofeng.2006.Study on establishment and application of a land-surface process parameterization scheme in urban area[D].Ph.D.dissertation(in Chinese),Nanjing University,137pp.
何晓凤,蒋维楣,陈燕,等.2007.人为热源对城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,50(1):74-82.He Xiaofeng,Jiang Weimei,Chen Yan,et al.2007.Numerical simulation of the impacts of anthropogenic heat on the structure of the urban boundary layer[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(1):74-82,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.01.010.
何晓凤,蒋维楣,周荣卫.2009.一种单层城市冠层模式的建立及数值试验研究[J].大气科学,33(5):981-993.He Xiaofeng,Jiang Weimei,Zhou Rongwei.2009.Development of a single-layer urban canopy model and numerical experiments[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),33(5):981-993,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2009.05.09.
Kress R.1979.Regionale luftaustauschprozesse und ihre bedeutung fur die raumliche planung(in German)[M].Dortmund:lnstitut for Umweltschutz der Universitat Dortmund,1555.
李军,荣颖.2014.武汉市城市风道构建及其设计控制引导[J].规划师,30(8):115-120.Li Jun,Rong Ying.2014.Urban design control for wind corridor:Wuhan case[J].Planners(in Chinese),30(8):115-120,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0022.2014.08.020.
梁颢严,李晓晖,肖荣波.2014.城市通风廊道规划与控制方法研究:以《广州市白云新城北部延伸区控制性详细规划》为例[J].风景园林,(5):92-96.Liang Haoyan,Li Xiaohui,Xiao Rongbo.2014.Research on the planning and control method of urban ventilation corridors-A case study of regulatory planning of Baiyun new town,Guangzhou[J].Landscape Architecture(in Chinese),(5):92-96,doi:10.14085/j.fjyl.2014.05.0092.05.
Masmoudi S,Mazouz S.2004.Relation of geometry,vegetation and thermal comfort around buildings in urban settings,the case of hot arid regions[J].Energy and Buildings,36(7):710-719,doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.043.
Mayer H,Beckr?ge W,Matzarakis A.1994.Bestimmung von stadtklimarelevanten Luftleitbahnen(in German)[R].UVP-Report,265-268.
Ng E.2009.Policies and technical guidelines for urban planning of high-density cities-air ventilation assessment(AVA)of HongKong[J].Building and Environment,44(7):1478-1488,doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.013.
翁清鹏,张慧,包洪新,等.2015.南京市通风廊道研究[J].科学技术与工程,15(11):89-94.Weng Qingpeng,Zhang Hui,Bao Hongxin,et al.2015.Study on ventilation channels of Nanjing City[J].Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),15(11):89-94,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2015.11.015.
徐敏,蒋维楣,季崇萍,等.2002.北京地区气象环境数值模拟试验[J].应用气象学报,13(S):61-68.Xu Min,Jiang Weimei,Ji Chongping,et al.2002.Numerical modeling and verification of structures of the boundary layer over Beijing area[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),13(S):61-68.
Yang Jianbo,Liu Hongnian,Sun Jianning,et al.2015.Further development of the regional boundary layer model to study the impacts of greenery on the urban thermal environment[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,54(1):137-152,doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0057.1.
Yang Jianbo,Liu Hongnian,Sun Jianning.2017.Evaluation and application of an online coupled modeling system to assess the interaction between urban vegetation and air quality[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,18(3):693-710,doi:10.4209/aaqr.2017.06.0199.
赵红斌,刘晖.2014.盆地城市通风廊道营建方法研究-以西安市为例[J].中国园林,30(11):32-35.Zhao Hongbin,Liu Hui.2014.Research on the methods of building ventilation corridors among basin citiesTaking the city of Xi’an as the example[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture(in Chinese),30(11):32-35,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2014.11.009.