第Ⅱ类尾矿库环保防渗系统设计探讨
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摘要
尾矿库是堆存矿山工业固体废物的场所,根据国家新环保法和新尾矿设施设计规范,第Ⅱ类尾矿库必须进行环保防渗系统设计,且防渗性能必须满足规范要求。防渗系统是Ⅱ类尾矿库的极其关键的部分,它能有效地将尾矿库内的尾矿及矿浆水与外界隔离,防止尾矿水对环境的污染。重点探讨了环保防渗系统中HDPE膜及膨润土垫的主要技术特点、防渗层的结构设计、锚固平台及锚固沟的主要技术要求。指出了HDPE膜使用时,应该注意膜材中添加再生料问题、高寒地区温差问题、膜的厚度问题;膨润土应选择钠基膨润土,在含高浓度电解质溶液的防水、防渗工程中,不宜采用膨润土防水毯。针对尾矿库所在地场地基础层渗透系数等因素综合确定防渗结构层,并根据国内外防渗工程实际效果推广单层人工复合防渗结构层。
Tailing pond is a place for stockpiling mining industrial waste.According to the new national environmental protection law and the new code for design of tailings facilities,the environment-friendly anti-seepage design of category Ⅱ tailings pond must be carried through,and the performance of the anti-seepage must meet regulatory requirements.The anti-seepage system is a crucial part of category Ⅱ tailing pond,which can segregate the tailing and slurry water in the tailing pond from outside effectively,and prevent tailings water from polluting environment.the technical characteristics of HDPE film and geosynthetic clay liner,the structure design of anti-seepage layer in the environmental anti-seepage system,the major technical requirements of anchoring platform and anchoring ditch were mainly discussed.It is pointed out that the problems of adding recycled material,temperature difference in alpine region and the film thickness should be paid attention,when HDPE film is used.For the bentonite,it is suggested to choose sodium base bentonite.Bentonite waterproof blanket is not suitable for waterproof and anti-seepage project in high potency electrolyte solution.For the anti-seepage structure layer,it is determined by the factors of the permeability coefficient of the local tailing pond,and the single layer of the artificial composite anti-seepage structure is promoted according to the actual effect of anti-seepage engineering at home and abroad.
Tailing pond is a place for stockpiling mining industrial waste.According to the new national environmental protection law and the new code for design of tailings facilities,the environment-friendly anti-seepage design of category Ⅱ tailings pond must be carried through,and the performance of the anti-seepage must meet regulatory requirements.The anti-seepage system is a crucial part of category Ⅱ tailing pond,which can segregate the tailing and slurry water in the tailing pond from outside effectively,and prevent tailings water from polluting environment.the technical characteristics of HDPE film and geosynthetic clay liner,the structure design of anti-seepage layer in the environmental anti-seepage system,the major technical requirements of anchoring platform and anchoring ditch were mainly discussed.It is pointed out that the problems of adding recycled material,temperature difference in alpine region and the film thickness should be paid attention,when HDPE film is used.For the bentonite,it is suggested to choose sodium base bentonite.Bentonite waterproof blanket is not suitable for waterproof and anti-seepage project in high potency electrolyte solution.For the anti-seepage structure layer,it is determined by the factors of the permeability coefficient of the local tailing pond,and the single layer of the artificial composite anti-seepage structure is promoted according to the actual effect of anti-seepage engineering at home and abroad.
引文
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[2]李斌.尾矿库环保防渗措施设计探讨[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2009,30(1):10-11.Li Bin.Design of anti-seepage measures of tailings pond for environmental protection[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering&Research,2009,30(1):10-11.
[3]邹莲花,王赣江,葛鑫.金属矿山固体废物的鉴别与处置方法探讨[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2007,23(3):50-54.Zhou Lianhua,Wang Ganjiang,Ge Xin.Identification of solid wastes from metal mines and discussions of their disposal methods[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering&Research,2007,23(3):50-54.
[4]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院.者海大渣堆原地处置地下水污染防控工程详勘报告[R].昆明:中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院,2015.The Detailed Report on Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control In-situ Treatment of Large Slag Pile in Zhehai[M].Kunming:Kunming Exploration and Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry,2015.
[5]向琍云,鞠建英.特种结构地基基础工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.Xiang Liyun,Ju Jianying.Hondbook of Special Structure Foundation Engineering[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2000.
[6]沈楼燕.浅谈赤泥库的防渗工艺设计[J].金属矿山,2007(7):91-93.Shen Louyan.Discussion on design of seepage control technology of red mud[J].Metal Mine,2007(7):91-93.